References for trees

This list contains references for all tree articles in the Manual. Reference lists can also be found on each individual tree page.

• Allison, R.A., F.H.S. Chiew, and T. A. McMahon. 1998. Nutrient Contribution Of Leaf Litter In Urban stormwater. Journal of Environmental Management. 54: 269-272.
• Baker, Brent, D. M. Olszyk, and D. Tingey. 1996. Digital Image Analysis to Estimate Leaf Area. Journal of Plant Physiology. 148: 530-535.
• Baker, Donald G., W.W. Nelson, and E.L. Kuehnast. 1979. Climate of Minnesota Part XII - The Hydrologic Cycle and Soil Water. Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Series/Report No.: Technical Bulletin 322.
• Bakker. J.W. 1983. Groeiplaats en watervoorziening van straatbomen. Groen. 39(6)205-207; OBIS, 1988. Bomen in straatprofielen – Voorbeelden – Groeiplaatsberekening. Uitgeverij van de Vereniging van de Nederlandse gemeenten, ‘s-Gravenhage 1988. 63 p. Cited in Kopinga 1991.
• Barret, M., M. Limouzin, and D. Lawler. 2011. Performance Comparison of Biofiltration Designs. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2011. pp. 395-404.
• Bassuk, Nina. 2010. Using CU-Structural Soil to Grow Trees Surrounded by Pavement. In The Great Soil Debate Part II: Structural soils under pavement. ASLA Annual Meeting Handout.
• Bassuk, Nina, Jason Grabosky, Anthony Mucciardi, and Gary Raffel. 2011. Ground-penetrating Radar Accurately Locates Tree Roots in Two Soil Media Under Pavement. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry. 37(4): 160–166.
• Bassuk, Nina, Jason Grabosky, and Peter Trowbridge]. 2005. Using CU-Structural Soil™ in the Urban Environment. Urban Horticulture Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.
• Beven, Keith. 2012. In Rainfall-Runoff Modelling: The Primer. Second Edition, by Keith Beven. 398-448. Chichester, UK. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
• Breen, P., L. Denman, P. May, and S. Leinster. 2004. Street trees as stormwater treatment measures. In 2004 International Conference on Water Sensitive Urban Design – Cities as catchments 21-25 November 2004, 21-25 November 2004, Adelaide.
• Breuer, L., K. Eckhardt, and H.-G. Frede. 2003. Plant parameter values for models in temperate climates. Ecological Modelling. 169:237-293.
• Busiahn, Jacob, and Sean Peterson. 2013. All you need to Know about Community Gravel Beds. University of Minnesota Department of Forest Resources.
• Cappiella, Karen, Tom Schueler, and Tiffany Wright. 2006. Urban Watershed Forestry Manual Part 2. Conserving and Planting Trees at Development Sites. Second in a Three-Part Manual Series on Using Trees to Protect and Restore Urban Watersheds. Prepared for and published by: United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry.
• Center for Watershed Protection. 2006. Technical Memorandum 1 - Literature Review Research in Support of an Interim Pollutant Removal Rate for Street Sweeping and Storm Drain Cleanout Activities. A project supported by the U.S. Chesapeake Bay Program Grant CB-97322201-0
• Cescatti, A. 2007. Indirect estimates of canopy gap fraction based on the linear conversion of hemispherical photographs methodology and comparison with standard thresholding techniques. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 143:1-12.
• Chase, T. N., R. A. Pielke, T.G. F. Kittel, R. Nemani, and S. W. Running. 1996. Sensitivity of a general circulation model to global changes in leaf area index. Journal of Geophysical Research 101:7393-7408.
• Cheng, Lei, Zongxue Xu, Dingbao Wang, and Ximing Cai. 2011. Assessing interannual variability of evapotranspiration at the catchment scale using satellite‐based evapotranspiration data sets. Water Resources Research 47: W09509.
• Churchill, D. J., A. J. Larson, M. C. Dahlgreen, J. F. Franklin, P. F. Hessburg, and J. A. Lutz. 2013. Restoring forest resilience: From reference spatial patterns to silvicultural prescriptions and monitoring. Forest Ecology and Management 291: 442-457.
• Coder, Kim. 2007. Soil Compaction Stress and Trees: Symptoms, Measures, and Treatments. Warnell School Outreach Monograph WSFNR07-9.
• Confalonieri, R., M. Foi, R. Casa, S. Aquaro, E. Tona, M. Peterle, A. Boldini, G. De Carli, A. Ferrari, G. Finotto, T. Guarneri, V. Manzoni, E. Movedi, A. Nisoli, L. Paleari, I. Radici, M. Suardi, D. Veronesi, S. Bregaglio, G. Cappelli, M.E. Chiodini, P. Dominonia, C. Francone, N. Frasso, T. Stella, and M. Acutis. 2013. Development of an app for estimating leaf area index using a smartphone. Truenss and precision determination and comparison with other indirect methods. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 96: 67-74.
• Cowen W.F, Lee G.F. 1973. Leaves as a source of phosphorus. Environ Sci Technol 7:853–854.
• CRA. Tools for Agro-Meteorology and Biophysical Modelling: Evapotranspiration.
• Couenberg Els. A.M. 1993. Amsterdam Tree Soil. In: The Landscape Below Ground. Proceedings of an international workshop on tree root development in urban soils.
• D'Arrigo, R. D., C. M. Malmstrom, G. C. Jacoby, S. O. Los, and D. E. Bunker. 2000. Correlation between maximum latewood density of annual tree rings and NDVI based estimates of forest productivity. International Journal of Remote Sensing 21: 2329-2336.
• Davis, A.P; W. F. Hunt, G.R. Traver, and M. Clar. 2009 Bioretention Technology: Overview of Current Practice and Future Needs. J. Environ. Eng-ASCE. 135(3):109-117.
• Day, S. D., and N. L. Bassuk. 1994. A review of the effects of soil compaction and amelioration treatments on landscape trees. Journal of Arboriculture 20:9-17.
• Denman, Liz. 2006. Are Street Trees And Their Soils An Effective Stormwater Treatment Measure? The 7th National Street Tree Symposium.
• Denman, Elizabeth C., Peter B. May, and Gregory M. Moore. 2011. The use of trees in urban stormwater Management. Trees, people and the built environment: Proceedings of the Urban Trees Research Conference. 13–14 April 2011. Hosted by The Institute of Chartered Foresters At The Clarendon Suites, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK Edited by Mark Johnston and Glynn Percival. Forestry Commission: Edinburgh.
• Dorney JR. 1986. Leachable and total phosphorus in urban street tree leaves. Water Air Soil Pollut 28:439–443.
• DTAH, Lead Consultant, ARUP, Engineering, and James Urban, Urban Trees + Soils Urban Forest Innovations, Arborist. 2013. Tree Planting Solutions in Hard Boulevard Surfaces Best Practices Manual. Project # A21065. Prepared for: City of Toronto.
• Dwyer, John F.; H.W. Schroeder, J.J. Louviere, and D.H. Anderson. 1989. Urbanities [sic] Willingness to Pay for Trees and Forests in Recreation Areas. Journal of Arboriculture 15(10).
• Dwyer, J. F.; Schroeder, H.W.; Gobster, P. H. 1991. The Significance of Urban Trees and Forests: Toward a Deeper Understanding of Values. Journal of Arboriculture 17(10).
• Dwyer, J. F., D. J. Nowak, M. H. Noble, and S. M. Sisinni. 2000. Connecting people with ecosystems in the 21st centure: An assessment of our nation's urban forests. USDA Forest Service Technical Report, Forest Service, USDA, USDA Forest Service.
• Eichhorn, J., and P. Roskams. 2013. Chapter 8 - Assessment of Tree Conditions. Developments in Environmental Science. 12:139-167.
• Escobedo, F. J., and D. J. Nowak. 2009. Spatial heterogeneity and air pollution removal by an urban forest. Landscape and Urban Planning 90:102-110.
• Facility for Advancing Water Biofiltration (FAWB). 2009. Biofiltration Filter Media Guidelines (Version 3.01).
• Fassman, EA, R. Simcock, and S. Wang. 2013. Media specification for stormwater bioretention devices, Prepared by Auckland UniServices for Auckland Council. Auckland Council technical report, TR2013/011.
• Flint, A. L., and S. W. Childs. 1991. Use of the Priestly-Taylor evaporation equation for soil water limited conditions in a small forest clearcut. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 56. pp247-260.
• Foster, R. S., and J. Blaine. 1978. Urban tree survival: trees in the sidewalk. Journal of Arboriculture 4:14-17.
• Gillman, J.H. and G.R. Johnson. 1999. Planting and Transplanting Trees and Shrubs. University of Minnesota Extension WW-03825.
• Gilman, Edward F. 2011. Specifications for Planting Trees and Shrubs in the Southeastern U.S. Document ENH856. Environmental Horticulture, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida.
• Gilman, E. 2011. Sample nursery stock specification for shade trees.
• Gilman, Edward F. 2013. Sample planting specifications for trees. Environmental Horticulture Department, University of Florida Gainesville.
• Gilman, Ed. 2011. Illustrated Guide to Pruning. 3rd edition. Cengage Learning: Independence, KY.
• Gomez-Baggethun, E., and D. N. Barton. 2013. Classifying and valuing ecosystem services for urban planning. Ecological Economics 86:235-245.
• Gong, A., W. Xiang, Q. Zhengjun, and H. Yong. 2013. A handheld device for leaf area measurement. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 98:74-80.
• Gonzales, L. M., J. W. Williams, and J. O. Kaplan. 2008. Variations in leaf area index in northern and eastern North Americal over the past 21,000 years: a data-model comparison. Quaternary Science Reviews 27:1453-1466.
• Grabosky, Jason, Edward Haffner, and Nina Bassuk. 2009. Plant Available Moisture in Stone-soil Media for Use Under Pavement While Allowing Urban Tree Root Growth. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 35(5):271-278.
• Green, S. R. 1993. Radiation balance, transpiration, and photosynthesis of an isolated tree. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 64:201-221.
• Grimmond, C.S.B. and T.R. Oke. 1999. Evapotranspiration in Urban Areas. Proceedings of Impacts of Urban Growth on Surface Water and Groundwater Quality. Birmingham.
• Gulliver, J. S., A. J. Erickson, and P. T. Weiss. 2010. Evaporation and Evapotranspiration Stormwater Treatment: Assessment and Maintenance. University of Minnesota, St. Anthony Falls Laboratory.
• Healy, R. W., and B. R. Scanlon. 2010. Estimating Groundwater Recharge. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
• Heisler, G.M. 1986. Energy Savings With Trees. Journal of Arboriculture 12:5:113-125.
• Heisler, Gordon M. 1990. Tree plantings that save energy. In: Rodbell, Philip D., ed. Proceedings of the Fourth Urban Forestry Conference, October 15-19, 1989. St. Louis, MO. Washington, DC: American Forestry Association.
• Helliwell, D.R. 1986. The Extent of Tree Roots. Arboriculture Journal 10:341-347. Updated in Letter to the Editor. Arboricultural Journal: The International Journal of Urban Forestry, Volume 16, Issue 2, 1992.
• Helvey, J. D., and J. H. Patric. 1965. Canopy and litter interception of rainfall by hardwoods of Eastern United States. Water Resources Research 1, No. 2: 193-206.
• Henderson, C.F.K. 2008. The Chemical and Biological Mechanisms of Nutrient Removal from Stormwater in Bioretention Systems. Thesis. Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University.
• Hermans, C., M. Smeyers, R. M. Rodriguez, M. Eyletters, M. Strasser, and J.-P. Delhaye. Quality assessment of urban trees: A comparitive study of physiological characterisation, airborne imaging and on site fluorescence monitoring by the OJIP-test. Journal of Plant Physiology 160 (2003): 81-90.
• Hickman, J.M. Jr. 2011. Evaluating the Role of Evapotranspiration in the Hydrology of Bioinfiltration and bioretention Basins using Weighing Lysimeters. M.S. thesis, Villanova University.
• Hinman, C., and B. Wulkan. 2012. Low Impact Development: Technical Guidance Manual for Puget Sound. Publication No. PSP 2012-3.
• Hobbie, Sarah E., Lawrence A. Baker, Christopher Buyarski, Daniel Nidzgorski, Jacques C. Finlay. 2013. Decomposition of tree leaf litter on pavement: implications for urban water quality. Urban Ecosystems. September issue.
• Hofman, J., I. Stokkaer, L. Snauwaert, and R. Samson. 2012. Spatial distribution assessment of particulate matter in an urban street canyon using biomagnetic leaf monitoring of tree crown deposited particles. Environmental Pollution, 2012: 1-10.
• Hong, E., E.A. Seagren, and A. P. Davis. 2006. Sustainable Oil and Grease Removal from Synthetic Stormwater Runoff Using Bench-Scale Bioretention Studies. Water Environ. Res. 78(2):141-155.
• Imbert, D., and J. Portecop. 2008. Hurricane disturbance and forest resilience: Assessing structural vs. functional changes in a Caribbean dry forest. Forest Ecology and Management. 255:3494-3501.
• International Society of Arboriculture. 2010. Guide for Developing Planting Specifications.
• Jenkins, J. K. G., Wadzuk, B. M., & Welker, A. L. 2010. Fines Accumulation and Distribution in a Storm-Water Rain Garden Nine Years Postconstruction. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 136(12):862-869.
• Jim, C.-Y. 2005. Monitoring the performance and decline of heritage trees in urban Hong Kong. Journal of Environmental Management. 74:161-172.
• Jim, C.-Y. 2004. Spatial differentiation and landscape-ecological assessment of heritage trees in urban Guangzhou (China). Landscape and Urban Planning 69:51-68.
• Jim, C.-Y., and H. Zhang. 2013. Defect-disorder and risk assessment of heritage trees in urban Hong Kong. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. In Press.
• Jim, C.-Y., and H. Zhang. 2013. Species diversity and spatial differentiation of old-valuable trees in urban Hong Kong. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 12:171-182.
• Johnson, Gary R. 1999. Protecting Trees from Construction Damage. University of Minnesota Extension publication WW-06135.
• Johnson, Jill; Gary Johnson; Maureen McDonough; Lisa Burban; and Janette Monear. 2008. Tree Owner's Manual for the Northeastern Midwestern United States. United States of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Area, State and Private Forestry, NA-FR-04-07.
• Kalinosky, Paula. ,L. Baker, S. Hobbie. 2012. Quantifying Nutrient Load Reductions Through Targeted, Intensive Street Sweeping – A Field Study by the University of Minnesota in Partnership with the City of Prior Lake. Abstract for Minnesota Water Resources Conference, October 17.
• Kalinosky, Paula. Lawrence A. Baker, Sarah Hobbie, and Ross Bintner. 2013a. Quantifying Nutrient Removal through Targeted Intensive Street Sweeping. UPDATES: March 2013 (volume 8 - issue 3).
• Kalinosky, P., L. Baker, S. Hobbie. 2013b. Quantifying nutrient removal by street sweeping. Presentation by Paula Kalinosky at the 2013 International Low Impact Development Conference, St. Paul., August 18-21, 2013.
• Kaplan, R.; and S. Kaplan. 1989. The Experience of Nature: A Psychological Perspective. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
• Keim, Richard F. 2004. Comment on Measurement and modeling of growing-season canopy water fluxes in a mature mixed deciduous forest stand, southern Ontario, Canada. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 124:277-279.
• Kent, D., S. Shultz, T. Wyatt, and D. Halcrow. 2006. Soil Volume and Tree Condition in Walt Disney World Parking Lots. Landscape Journal 25:1–06
• Kirnbauer, M. C., B. W. Baetz, and W. A. Kenney. 2013. Estimating the stormwater attenuation benefits derived from planting four monoculture species of deciduous trees on vacant and underutilize urban landparcels. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 12:401-407.
• Kopinga, J. 1991. The Effect of Restricted Volumes of Soil on the Growth and development of Street Trees. Journal of Arboriculture 17(3):57-63
• Kuo, F.; Sullivan,W. 2001. Environment and Crime in the Inner City: Does Vegetation Reduce Crime?. Environment and Behavior 33(3).
• Law, B. E., A. Cescatti, and D. Baldocchi. 2001. Leaf area distribution and radiative transfer in open-canopy forests: implications for mass and energy exchange. Tree Physiology 21:777-787.
• Law, Neely L. Katie DiBlasi, Upal Ghosh, With contributions from: Bill Stack, Steve Stewart,Ken Belt, Rich Pouyat, and Clair Welty. 2008. Deriving Reliable Pollutant Removal Rates for Municipal Street Sweeping and Storm Drain Cleanout Programs in the Chesapeake Bay Basin. Prepared by the Center for Watershed Protection as fulfillment of the U.S. EPA Chesapeake Bay Program grant CB-973222-01.
• Lenth, John and Rebecca Dugopolski (Herrera Environmental Consultants), Marcus Quigley, Aaron Poresky, and Marc Leisenring (Geosyntec Consultants). 2010. Filterra® Bioretention Systems: Technical Basis for High Flow Rate Treatment and Evaluation of Stormwater Quality Performance. Prepared for Americast, Inc.
• Li, H., & Davis, A. P. 2008. Urban Particle Capture in Bioretention Media. I: Laboratory and Field Studies. Journal of Environmental Engineering. 134(6):409-418.
• Lindsey, P., and N. Bassuk. 1992. Redesigning the urban forest from the ground below: a new approach to specifying adequate soil volumes for street trees. Arboricultural Journal 16:25-39.
• Lindsey, P. and N. Bassuk. 1991. Specifying Soil Volumes to Meet the Water Needs of Mature Urban Street Trees and Trees in Containers. Journal of Arboriculture 17(6): 141-149.
• Lindsey, Patricia, Ed. 1994. The Design of Structural Soil Mixes for Trees in Urban Areas – Part II. Growing Points 1(2). University of California.
• Loh, F.C.W., J.C. Grabosky, and N.L. Bassuk. 2003. Growth Response of Ficus Benjamina to Limited Soil Volume and Soil Dilution in a Skeletal Soil Container Study. In Urban For. Urban Gree. 2(1):53-62.
• Luley, Christopher J. and David J. Nowak. 2004. Help Clear the Smog with Your Urban Forest: What You and Your Urban Forest Can Do About Ozone. Brochure. Davey Research Group and USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station.
• Martinez-Trinidad, T., W. T. Watson, M. A. Arnold, L. Lombardini, and D. N. Appel. 2010. Comparing various techniques to measure tree vitality of live oaks. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 9:199-203.
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• McPherson, E.G. 2001. Sacramento's Parking Lot Shading Ordinance: Environmental and Economic Costs of Compliance. Landscape and Urban Planning. 57:105-123.
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Related pages

• Overview for trees
• Types of tree BMPs
• Plant lists for trees
• Street sweeping for trees
• References for trees
• Supporting material for trees

The following pages address incorporation of trees into stormwater management under paved surfaces

• Design guidelines for tree quality and planting - tree trenches and tree boxes
• Design guidelines for soil characteristics - tree trenches and tree boxes
• Construction guidelines for tree trenches and tree boxes
• Protection of existing trees on construction sites
• Operation and maintenance of tree trenches and tree boxes
• Assessing the performance of tree trenches and tree boxes
• Calculating credits for tree trenches and tree boxes
• Case studies for tree trenches and tree boxes
• Soil amendments to enhance phosphorus sorption
• Fact sheet for tree trenches and tree boxes
• Requirements, recommendations and information for using trees as a BMP in the MIDS calculator
• Requirements, recommendations and information for using trees with an underdrain as a BMP in the MIDS calculator