Quick guide

You can find information from the old Manual by clicking on any of the linked items below. The topics are arranged in the exact order as in the hardback version of the Manual. The links take you to an outline containing the article you want. From there you can click on the article (web page) of interest. Topics that are not linked have not been migrated.

Chapter 1 - Use and Organization of the Manual 1. Manual Organization

Indented line

1.1. Volume 1 - Integrated Stormwater Management

Indented line

1.2. Volume 2 - Technical and Engineering Guidance 2. Users of the Manual 3. The Regulatory Relationship of the Manual 4. This Manual’s Relationship to Other Manuals 5. Keep Updated About Manual Changes 6. Feedback 7. How Do I

Chapter 2 - Stormwater and the Minnesota Perspective

• 1. Stormwater Education
• 2. What is Stormwater
• 3. Why Stormwater Matters
• 3.1. Physical Changes to the Drainage System
• 3.1.1. Changes to Stream Flow
• 3.1.2. Changes to Stream Geomorphology
• 3.1.3. Impacts to Aquatic Habitat
• 3.2. Water Quality Impacts
• 3.2.1. Sources of Pollution
• 3.2.2. Pollutant Impacts
• 4. Managing Stormwater in Minnesota
• 4.1. Climate
• 4.1.1. Rainfall
• 4.1.2. Snowmelt
• 4.2. Physical Features
• 4.2.1. Minnesota Waters
• 4.2.2. Watersheds and Ecoregions
• 4.2.3. Geology
• 4.2.4. Shallow Bedrock
• 4.2.5. Karst
• 4.2.6. Soils
• 4.2.7. Limited Infiltration Capacity
• 4.2.8. Rapidly Infiltrating Soils
• 4.2.9. Topography
• 4.3. Cultural Features
• 5. How This Manual Will Help
• 6. General Principles for Stormwater Management
• 7. References

Chapter 3 - Integrated Stormwater Management

• 1. What Is Integrated Stormwater Management?
• 1.1. Project Scope
• 1.2. Watershed Approach
• 1.3. Use and Restoration of Natural Resources
• 1.4. Water Quantity and Quality
• 1.5. Rate and Volume Control
• 1.6. Rate Reduction Techniques
• 1.7. Volume Reduction Techniques
• 1.8. The Interaction Between Ground Water and Surface Water
• 1.9. Pollution Prevention
• 2. Non-Structural vs. Structural BMPs
• 3. Link to Better Site Design
• 4. References

Chapter 4 - Better Site Design / Low Impact Development

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Preserving Natural Areas
• 2.1. Natural Area Conservation
• 2.2. Site Reforestation or Restoration
• 2.3. Stream and Shoreline Buffers
• 2.4. Open Space Design
• 3. Disconnecting and Distributing Stormwater
• 3.1. Compost and Amended Soils
• 3.2. Disconnection of Surface Impervious Cover
• 3.3. Rooftop Disconnection
• 3.3.1. Grass Channels
• 3.4. Stormwater Landscaping
• 4. Reducing Impervious Cover
• 4.1. Narrower Streets
• 4.2. Slimmer Sidewalks
• 4.3. Smaller Cul-de-Sacs
• 4.4. Shorter Driveways
• 4.5. Smaller Parking Lots
• 5. The Benefits of Better Site Design
• 6. Overcoming Barriers to Better Site Design
• 6.1. Step 1. Conduct Research on Local Development Codes and Ordinances
• 6.2. Step 2. Identify Stakeholders That Will Participate in the Roundtable Process
• 6.3. Step 3. Introduce Stakeholders to the Roundtable Process
• 6.4. Step 4. Conduct the Roundtable and Facilitate Consensus
• 6.5. Step 5. Implement Code and Ordinances Changes
• 7. Thinking Outside of the Big Box
• 8. References

Chapter 5 - Minnesota Rules, Regulations and Programs

• 1. Relationship of Manual to Regulatory Programs
• 2. Stormwater Programs and Permit Requirements
• 3. Federal Level Implementation
• 3.1. Section Permit Program
• 3.2. Rivers and Harbors Act, Section Permit Program
• 3.3. Underground Injection Control Program (Class V Injection Wells)
• 3.4. Mississippi National River and Recreation Area (MNRRA) Program
• 4. State Level Implementation
• 4.1. Stormwater Program
• 4.2. Feedlot Program
• 4.3. Minnesota Impaired Waters and Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Program
• 4.4. Section, Water Quality Certification
• 4.5. Nonpoint Source Management Program and Coastal Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program
• 4.6. Drinking Water Protection Program
• 4.7. Source Water Protection Program
• 4.8. Public Waters Work Permit Program
• 4.9. Water Appropriations Permit Program
• 4.10. Calcareous Fen Protection
• 4.11. Dam Safety Program
• 4.12. Mississippi River Critical Area Program
• 4.13. Wild and Scenic Rivers Program
• 4.14. Lake Superior Coastal Program
• 4.15. National Flood Insurance Program
• 4.16. Utility Crossing License Program
• 4.17. Comprehensive Local Water Management
• 4.18. Comprehensive Surface Water Management
• 5. Local Level Implementation
• 5.1. Wetland Conservation Act
• 5.2. Industrial Discharge
• 5.3. Drainage
• 5.4. Shoreland Management Program
• 5.5. Floodplain Management Program
• 5.6. Lake Improvement District Program
• 6. Related Information
• 7. References
• 7.1. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
• 7.2. Metropolitan Council (Met Council)
• 7.3. Minnesota Board of Water and Soil Resources (BWSR)
• 7.4. Minnesota Cities and Local Government
• 7.5. Minnesota Counties
• 7.6. Minnesota Department of Agriculture (MDA)
• 7.7. Minnesota Department of Health (MDH)
• 7.7.1. MDH Addresses, Phone Number and Directions
• 7.7.2. MDH Source Water Protection General Information
• 7.8. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR)
• 7.9. Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT)
• 7.10. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA)
• 7.11. Minnesota Soil and Water Conservation Districts (SWCD)
• 7.12. Minnesota Watershed Districts and Water Management Organizations
• 7.13. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
• 7.14. National Park Service (NPS)
• 7.15. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACOE)
• 7.16. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
• 7.17. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS)
• 7.18. U.S. Forest Service
• 7.19. Other Web References
• 8. Other Tables and Figures

Chapter 6 - Introduction to Best Management Practices 1. Using the Treatment Train Approach to BMP Selection 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Proper Treatment Accounting 1.3. Pollutant Removal Mechanisms 1.3.1. Water Quality Pollutant Removal Mechanisms 1.3.2. Water Quantity Control Mechanisms 1.4. BMP Organization 1.4.1. Non-Structural or Planning Level BMPs 1.4.2. Structural BMPs 1.4.3. Supplemental Pre- and Post-Treatment BMPs 2. Using the Manual to Select BMPs 2.1. Using Cost Factors to Select BMPs 3. Retrofitting To Achieve Better Stormwater Management 3.1. Mosquito Control and Stormwater Management 3.2. Background 3.3. Mosquitoes in Minnesota 3.4. Methods to Limit Mosquito Breeding in Stormwater Facilities 3.4.1. Homeowner Actions 3.4.2. Stormwater Managers Actions 3.5. Compatibility with Common BMP Design 4. References 4.1. Mosquito Control Information

Chapter 7 - Choosing Best Management Practices 1. Process for Selecting Best Management Practices 1.1. Investigate Pollution Prevention Opportunities. 1.2. Design Site to Minimize Runoff 1.3. Select Temporary Construction Sediment Control Techniques. 1.4. Identify Receiving Water Issues 1.5. Identify Climate and Terrain Factors. 1.6. Evaluate Stormwater Treatment Suitability. 1.7. Assess Physical Feasibility at the Site 1.8. Investigate Community and Environmental Factors 1.9. Determine any Site Restrictions and Setbacks 2. References

8. Chapter 8 - Methods and Models 1. Introduction 1.1. Purpose of Stormwater Modeling 1.2. Types of Models 1.3. Limitations of Modeling and the Importance of Calibration 2. Selecting a Stormwater Modeling Tool 3. Minnesota Model Input Guide 3.1. Data Resources 3.1.1. Precipitation 3.1.2. Climate Trends 3.1.3. Topographic Data 3.1.4. Soils / Surficial Geology 3.1.5. Land Cover / Land Use 3.1.6. Monitoring Data 3.2. Input Guidance 3.2.1. Rainfall Distribution 3.2.2. Water Quality Event 3.2.3. Extreme Flood Events 3.2.4. Runoff Coefficient 3.2.5. Curve Numbers 3.2.6. Infiltration Rates 3.2.7. Event Mean Concentrations 4. References

Chapter 9 - Cold Climate Impact on Runoff Management 1. Background 2. Nature of the Cold Climate Problem 2.1. Hydrology of Melt 2.2. Quality of Melt 2.3. Ground Water Impact 2.4. Wetland, Open Space and Biological Impacts 2.5. Effects of Climate Change 3. Challenges in Engineering and Design 3.1. Complicating Factors for Cold Climate Design 4. Management Approaches 4.1. Meltwater Management 4.2. Management Sequence 4.2.1. Pollution Prevention 4.2.2. Infiltration 4.2.3. Stormwater Ponds 4.2.4. Wetland and Biological-Based Systems 4.2.5. Filtration, Hydrodynamic Structures and Treatment Trains 4.2.6. Other Considerations 5. Design Adaptations for Cold Climates 5.1. Unified Sizing 5.2. Water Quality Sizing of Snowmelt 5.3. Water Quality Credits for On-site Snow Management 5.4. Snow Management Plan Guidelines 5.5. BMP Design Modifications 6. Considerations for Design Sheets Based on Cold Climate Performance 6.1. Applicability of BMPs for Cold Climate 6.2. Adaptation Concepts 6.3. Infiltration Basin/Surface Filter 6.4. Seasonal Ponds 6.5. The Importance of Baseflow, Inlet and Outlet Design in Ponds 6.5.1. Baseflow 6.5.2. Inlet and Outlet Design 6.6. Bioretention 6.7. Vegetated Conveyance.Snow and Ice Management 6.8. High Sediment Load 6.9. Secondary Practices 7. References and Annotated Bibliography 8. References 9. Annotated Bibliography

Chapter 10 - Unified Stormwater Sizing Criteria 1. Introduction 2. Overview of the Unified Stormwater Sizing Framework 3. Recharge and Infiltration Criterion (Vre ) 3.1. Modifications to Recharge Criteria 3.1.1. Recharge Options 4. Water Quality Criteria 4.1. Computing Water Quality Volume 4.2. Modifications to Water Quality Criteria 5. Channel Protection Criteria (Vcp ) 5.1. Purpose 5.2. Channel Protection Methods 5.3. Modifications to Channel Protection Criteria 6. Overbank Flood Protection Criteria (Vp ) 7. Extreme Flood Control Criteria (Vp ) 8. Adapting Stormwater Criteria for Receiving Waters 9. Lakes 9.1. Most-Sensitive Lakes 9.2. Sensitive Lakes 10. Trout Streams 11. Drinking Water Source Areas 11.1. Ground Water 11.2. Surface Water 12. Wetlands 13. Impaired Waters 14. Stormwater Sizing for Redevelopment Projects 15. References

Chapter 11 - Stormwater Credits and Development Sites 1. Stormwater Credits 2. Better Site Design and Stormwater Credits 3. Stormwater Credit Categories 3.1. Credit 1. Natural Area Conservation Credit 3.1.1. Water Quality 3.1.2. Larger Storm Events 3.1.3. Conditions for Credit 3.2. Credit 2. Site Reforestation or Prairie Restoration Credit 3.2.1. Water Quality 3.2.2. Larger Storm Events 3.2.3. Conditions for Credit 3.3. Credit 3. Drainage to Stream, Wetland or Shoreline Buffer Credit 3.3.1. Water Quality 3.3.2. Larger Storm Events 3.3.3. Conditions for Credit 3.4. Credit 4. Surface Impervious Cover Disconnection Credit. 3.5. Conditions for Credit 3.6. Credit Rooftop Disconnection Credit 3.7. Larger Storm Events (CN Adjusted) 3.8. Credit Grass Channel Credit 4. Establishing an Effective Local Stormwater Credit System 4.1. Is My Community Ready for Credits? 4.2. Adapting Credits for Local Use 4.3. Integrating Credits Into the Local Development Review Process 5. References

Chapter 12 - Best Management Practice Details 1. Introduction 2. Fact Sheets and Design Guidance - General 2.1. Pollution Prevention: Chapter 12-1 2.2. Better Site Design: Chapter 12-2 2.3. Runoff Volume Minimization: Chapter 12-3 2.4. Temporary Construction Erosion and Sediment Control: Chapter 12-4 2.5. Supplemental BMPs: Chapter 12-5 2.6. Bioretention Practices: Chapter 12-6 2.7. Filtration Practices: Chapter 12-7 2.8. Infiltration Practices: Chapter 12-8 2.9. Stormwater Ponds: Chapter 12-9 2.10. Stormwater Wetlands: Chapter 12-10 3. Minnesota Design: Main Influences 3.1. Regulatory 3.2. Technical 4. Design Guidance - Overview. 4.1. BMP Suitability 4.2. Design Elements 4.3. Construction Details and Specifications 4.4. Operation and Maintenance 4.5. Construction and Maintenance Costs 5. Design Procedures 6. The Role of Pre-Treatment 6.1. A Matter of Necessity 6.2. Methods of Pre-Treatment 7. The Importance of Maintenance 8. References

Chapter 12-1 - Pollution Prevention Fact Sheets Residential Practices Municipal Practices Industrial & Commercial Practices

Chapter 12-2 - Better Site Design / Low Impact Development Better Site Design Overview Minimize Stormwater Runoff Residential Streets & Parking lots Residential Streets and Parking Lots Checklist Highway & Road Runoff Management Lot Development Lot Development Checklist Conservation of Natural Areas Conservation of Natural Areas Checklist

Chapter 12-3 - Runoff Volume Minimization Using Compost as a Soil Amendment (Post-Construction Soil BMP) 1. Key Considerations 1.1. Benefits: 2. Material Specifications 3. Turf Establishment or Incorporation in Soil as an Amendment. 3.1. Application Guidelines 3.2. Nutrient Precaution 4. Other Benefits and Emerging Uses of Compost 4.1. Erosion Control and Storm Water Management Uses of Compost 4.1.1. Compost Blanket Application 4.1.2. Compost Filter Berm Application or Sediment Control 4.2. Other Uses 4.2.1. Soil Reclamation 4.2.2. Wetland Construction 4.2.3. Pollution Remediation 4.2.4. Pollution Prevention 5. Additional Information 6. References 7. Literature Review Green Roofs Pervious Pavement Rainwater Harvesting

Chapter 12-4 - Temporary Erosion & Sediment Control 1. Introduction 2. Planning 3. Permits 4. Sequencing Activities Temporary Erosion & Sediment Control Overview 5. Inspection and Maintenance 6. References

Chapter 12-5 - Supplemental Best Management Practices Chemical & Biological Treatment Filtration Devices Hydrodynamic Devices

Chapter 12-6 - Bioretention 1. Suitability 1.1. General 1.2. Function Within Stormwater Treatment Train 1.3. MPCA Permit Applicability Bioretention Overview 1.4. Design Variants 1.4.1. Alternative Names 1.5. Performance Types (adapted from Prince George’s County) 1.5.1. Infiltration / Recharge Facility 1.5.2. Filtration/Partial Recharge Facility 1.5.3. Infiltration/Filtration/Recharge 1.6. Design Types for Various Land Uses 1.7. Retrofit Suitability 1.8. Special Receiving Waters Suitability 1.9. Cold Climate Suitability 1.10. Water Quantity Treatment 1.11. Water Quality Treatment 1.12. Limitations 2. Major Design Elements 2.1. Physical Feasibility Initial Check 2.2. Conveyance 2.3. Pre-treatment 2.4. Treatment 2.5. Safety 3. Construction Details 4. Materials Specifications 4.1. Soil Medium / Filter Media Content 4.1.1. Mix A: Water Quality Blend 4.1.2. Mix B: Enhanced Filtration Blend 4.2. Soil Medium / Filter Media Depth 5. Construction Specifications 6. Operation and Maintenance 6.1. Overview 6.2. Design Phase Maintenance Considerations. 6.3. Construction Phase Maintenance 6.4. Post-construction Operation and Maintenance 7. Construction and Maintenance Costs 7.1. Design Procedure 7.1.1. Design Steps 8. Links to other Manuals 9. References

Chapter 12-7 - Filtration 1. Suitability 1.1. General 1.2. Function Within Stormwater Treatment Train 1.3. MPCA Permit Applicability Filtration Overview 1.4. Design Variants 1.5. Media Filters 1.5.1. Surface Sand Filter 1.5.2. Underground Sand Filter 1.5.3. Perimeter Sand Filter 1.6. Vegetative Filters 1.6.1. Grass Channels 1.6.2. Dry Swales 1.6.3. Wet Swales 1.6.4. Filter Strips 1.7. Other Filters Not Approved For Minnesota 1.7.1. Organic Filter 1.7.2. Pocket Filter 1.7.3. Submerged Gravel Wetland 1.8. Retrofit Suitability 1.9. Special Receiving Waters Suitability 1.10. Cold Climate Suitability 1.11. Water Quantity Treatment 1.12. Water Quality Treatment 1.13. Limitations 2. Major Design Elements 2.1. Physical Feasibility Initial Check 2.1.1. Conveyance 2.2. Pre-treatment 2.3. Treatment 2.4. Landscaping 2.5. Safety 3. Construction Details and Specifications 4. Operation and Maintenance 4.1. Overview 4.2. Design Phase Maintenance Considerations 4.3. Construction Phase Maintenance 4.4. Post-construction Operation and Maintenance 5. Construction and Maintenance Costs 6. Design Procedure: Media Filters 6.1. Design Steps 7. Design Procedure: Vegetative Filters. 7.1. Design Steps 8. Links to Other Manuals 9. References

Chapter 12-8 - Infiltration 1. Suitability 1.1. General 1.2. Function Within Stormwater Treatment Train 1.3. MPCA Permit Applicability 1.4. Design Variants 1.4.1. Infiltration Basin Infiltration Overview 1.4.2. Infiltration Trench (a.k.ainfiltration gallery) 1.5. Dry Wells (a.k.ainfiltration tubes, french drains, soak-away pits or soak holes) 1.5.1. Underground Infiltration Systems 1.6. Retrofit Suitability 1.7. Special Receiving Waters Suitability 1.8. Cold Climate Suitability 1.9. Water Quantity Treatment 1.10. Water Quality Treatment 1.11. Limitations 2. Major Design Elements 2.1. Physical Feasibility Initial Check 2.2. Conveyance 2.3. Pre-treatment 2.4. Treatment 2.5. Landscaping 2.6. Safety 3. Construction Details 4. Construction Specifications 4.1. Temporary Erosion Control 4.2. Excavation, Backfill and Grading 4.3. Native Plants, Planting and Transplanting 4.4. Construction Sequence Scheduling 4.5. Construction Observation 5. Operation and Maintenance 5.1. Overview 5.2. Design Phase Maintenance Considerations. 5.3. Construction Phase Maintenance Considerations 5.3.1. Avoid excessive compaction 5.3.2. Stabilize Vegetation Before and After Construction 5.3.3. Correctly Install Filter Fabrics 5.3.4. Carefully Finish Final Grading 5.3.5. Keep Infiltration Practices “Off-line” until Construction Is Complete 5.3.6. Establish Permanent Vegetation 5.4. Post-Construction Operation and Maintenance 6. Construction and Maintenance Costs 7. Design Procedure 7.1. Design Steps 8. Links to Other Manuals 9. References

Chapter 12-9 - Stormwater Ponds 1. Suitability 1.1. General 1.2. Function Within Stormwater Treatment Train 1.3. MPCA Permit Applicability 1.4. Design Variants 1.4.1. Flow-through pond (no extended detention) Stormwater Ponds Overview 1.4.2. Wet extended detention pond 1.4.3. Micropool extended detention pond 1.4.4. Dry pond 1.5. Retrofit Suitability 1.6. Special Receiving Waters Suitability 1.7. Cold Climate Suitability 1.8. Water Quantity Treatment 1.9. Limitations 2. Major Design Elements 2.1. Physical Feasibility Initial Check 2.2. Conveyance 2.2.1. Inflow Points 2.2.2. Adequate Outfall Protection 2.3. Pre-treatment 2.4. Treatment 2.4.1. Permanent Pool and Water Quality Volume (Vwq) Sizing for New Impervious Area 2.4.2. Pond Liners 2.4.3. Grading and Site Layout 2.4.4. Pond Benches 2.4.5. Maintenance Access 2.4.6. Riser in Embankment 2.4.7. Spillway Design 2.4.8. Non-clogging Low Flow Orifice 2.4.9. Trash Racks 2.4.10. Pond Drain 2.4.11. Adjustable Gate Valve 2.4.12. Riser Access 2.4.13. Emergency Spillway 2.5. Landscaping 2.5.1. Landscaping Plan 2.5.2. Pond Buffers and Setbacks 2.6. Safety 3. Construction Details and Specifications 4. Operation and Maintenance 4.1. Overview 4.2. Design Phase Maintenance Considerations. 4.3. Construction Phase Maintenance 4.4. Post-Construction Operation and Maintenance 4.4.1. Operation to Address Frozen Conditions 4.4.2. Maintenance 5. Cost Considerations 5.1. Construction and Maintenance Costs 6. Design Procedure 6.1. Design Steps 7. Links to Other Manuals 8. References

Chapter 12-10 - Stormwater Wetlands 1. Suitability 1.1. General 1.2. Function Within Stormwater Treatment Train 1.3. MPCA Permit Applicability Stormwater Wetlands Overview 1.4. Design Variants 1.5. Retrofit Suitability 1.6. Special Receiving Waters Suitability 1.7. Cold Climate Suitability 1.8. Water Quantity Treatment 1.9. Water Quality Treatment 1.10. Limitations 2. Major Design Elements 2.1. Physical Feasibility Initial Check 2.2. Conveyance 2.2.1. Inflow Points 2.2.2. Adequate Outfall Protection 2.3. Pre-treatment 2.4. Treatment 2.4.1. Permanent Pool (Vpp) and Water Quality Volume (Vwq) 2.4.2. Grading and Site Layout 2.5. Landscaping 2.5.1. Landscaping Plan 2.6. Constructed Wetlands Buffers and Setbacks 2.7. Safety 3. Construction Details and Specifications 4. Operation and Maintenance 4.1. Overview 4.2. Design Phase Maintenance Considerations. 4.3. Construction Phase Maintenance 4.4. Post Construction Operation and Maintenance 5. Cost Considerations 5.1. Detailed Cost Estimate 6. Design Procedure 6.1. Step by Step Design Procedure: 7. References

Chapter 13 - Minnesota Case Studies: Examples of BMP Design Burnsville Rain Gardens Case Study: Retrofitting for Water Quality 1. Issue 2. Background 3. Implementation 4. Costs 5. Results 6. Future Actions Heritage Park Case Study: An Urban Retrofit 1. Issue 2. Background 3. Implementation 4. Pre-Treatment Systems 4.1. Final Treatment Systems 5. Results 6. Costs 7. Future Actions University of Minnesota Landscape Arboretum Case Study: Runoff Model and Rain Gardens 1. Issue 2. Background 3. Implementation 4. Costs 5. Results 6. Future Actions Silver Creek Cliff Trail Case Study: Meeting Stormwater Discharge Requirements Using Compost 1. Issue 2. Background 3. Implementation 4. Results 5. Costs 6. Future Actions Minneapolis Chain of Lakes Case Study: A Stormwater Management Treatment Train Approach to Improving Lake Water Quality 1. Issue 2. Background 3. Implementation 4. Costs 5. Results 6. Future Actions Brown’s Creek Trout Habitat PreservationProject Case Study: Thermal Protection of a Trout 1. Stream Resource and Infiltration Within Land-Locked Basins 2. Issue 3. Background 4. Implementation 5. Results 6. Costs 7. Future Actions Stormwater Management in Bemidji Case Study: Retrofitting Leads to Proactive Planning 1. Issue 2. Background 3. Implementation 3.1. Cameron Park Project 3.2. Tourist Information Center 3.3. Comprehensive Planning 3.4. Public Education 4. Results 4.1. Cameron Park Project 4.2. Visitor’s Center 5. Cost 6. Future Actions State Highway 23 Through Spicer Case Study: Stormwater Management for Linear Projects 1. Issue 2. Background 3. Implementation 4. Results 5. Costs 6. Future Actions City of Wykoff Case Study: Stormwater Remediation in a Karst Area 1. Issue 2. Background 3. Implementation 4. Costs 5. Results Lake Phalen Shoreland Restoration Case Study:Shore Restoration of a High-Use Urban Lake 1. Issue 2. Stormwater and Shorelines 3. Background 4. Implementation 5. Results 6. Costs 7. Future Actions Tanners Lake Case Study: Alum Injection for Phosphorus Removal 1. Issue 2. Background 3. Implementation 4. Costs 5. Results 6. Future Actions References Submittals

Chapter 14 - Sensitive Areas Guidance 1. Introduction 2. BMP Constraints & Design Criteria for Special Soil/Geologic Conditions 2.1. Background 2.2. Karst 2.2.1. General Stormwater Management Guidelines for Karst Areas 2.2.2. Investigation for Karst Areas 2.2.3. Subsurface Material 2.2.4. Geophysical and Dye Techniques 2.2.5. Sinkhole Remediation 2.2.6. Monitoring of BMPs in Karst Regions 2.3. Shallow Bedrock and Ground Water 2.3.1. General Stormwater Management Guidelines for Areas with Shallow Bedrock and Soils 2.3.2. Investigation for Shallow Bedrock Areas 2.3.3. Subsurface Material 2.3.4. Shallow Depth to Ground Water 2.4. Soil with Low Infiltration Capacity 2.4.1. General Stormwater Management Guidelines for Sites with Low Infiltration Capacity Soils 2.4.2. Investigation for Low Infiltration Capacity Soils 3. Runoff Source Constraints 3.1. Potential Stormwater Hotspots (PSHs) 3.1.1. Background 3.1.2. Designation of PSHs 3.1.3. Pollutant Generating Operations/Activities 3.1.4. Stormwater Management Design at PSHs 3.1.5. Importance of Plan Review at Proposed PSHs 3.2. NPDES Industrial Stormwater Requirements 3.2.1. Permit Requirements 3.3. Guidance on Infiltration of Runoff from PSHs 3.3.1. Background 3.3.2. Potential for PSH Impact on Ground Water 3.4. BMP Sediment Quality, Testing and Disposal Guidelines 3.4.1. Background 3.4.2. When is Sediment Considered to be Hazardous? 4. References

Appendix A - Minnesota Factors

Appendix B - Selection of Appropriate Computer Models 1. Hydrologic Models 1.1. Rational Method 1.2. HEC- 1.3. HEC-HMS 1.4. TR- 1.5. Win TR- 2. Hydraulic Models 2.1. HEC-RAS 2.2. HEC- 2.3. WSPRO 2.4. CULVERTMASTER 2.5. FLOWMASTER 3. Combined Hydraulic and Hydrologic Models 3.1. HydroCAD 3.2. PondPack 3.3. SWMM-Based Programs 4. Water Quality Models 4.1. SLAMM 4.2. P 4.3. BASINS 4.4. PONDNET 4.5. WiLMS 4.6. Bathtub 4.7. WASP 5. Supplemental Graphics:TP- and Precipitation Frequency Graphs

Appendix C - Links to Other Resources and Manuals

Appendix D - Construction Support

Appendix D- Operation & Maintenance Checklists

Appendix D - BMP Cost Estimate Worksheet

Appendix E - Minnesota Plant List and Application 1. Sources for Stormwater BMP Plant Material Selection 2. Salt Tolerance 3. Green Roofs 4. References 4.1. Salt Tolerance 4.2. Green Roof Plant Material Selection

Appendix F - Special Waters and Other Sensitive Receiving Waters

Appendix G - Additional Regulatory Information 1. Agencies and Stormwater Authorities 1.1. Federal 1.1.1. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 1.1.2. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 1.1.3. National Park Service (NPS). 1.1.4. United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) 1.1.5. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 2. State 2.1.1. Minnesota Board of Water and Soil Resources (BWSR) 2.1.2. Minnesota Department of Agriculture (MDA) 2.1.3. Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) 2.1.4. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR) 2.1.5. Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT) 2.1.6. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA). 3. Regional/Local 3.1.1. Counties 3.1.2. Metropolitan Council 3.1.3. Municipalities and Townships 3.1.4. Soil and Water Conservation Districts (SWCD) 3.1.5. Watershed Districts (WD) 3.1.6. Watershed Management Organizations (WMO) 4. Enabling Legislation 4.1. Federal Enabling Legislation 4.1.1. Clean Water Act (CWA) 4.2. State Enabling Legislation 4.2.1. M.S. 84 – Department of Natural Resources 4.2.2. M.S. 103A – Water Policy Information 4.2.3. M.S. 103B – Water Planning and Project Implementation 4.2.4. M.S. 103C – Soil and Water Conservation Districts 4.2.5. M.S. 103D – Watershed Districts 4.2.6. M.S. 103E – Drainage 4.2.7. M.S. 103F – Protection of Water Resources 4.2.8. M.S. 103G – Waters of the State 4.2.9. M.S. 103H – Ground Water Protection 4.2.10. M.S. 103I – Wells, Borings, and Underground Uses 4.2.11. M.S. 115 – Water Pollution Control; Sanitary Districts 4.2.12. M.S .116 – Pollution Control Agency 4.2.13. M.S. 116A – Public Water and Sewer Systems 4.2.14. M.S. 144– Department of Health 4.2.15. M.S. 473 - Metropolitan Government 4.2.16. Minnesota Rules Chapter 4410 4.2.17. Minnesota Rules Chapter 4720 4.2.18. Minnesota Rules Chapter 4725 4.2.19. Minnesota Rules Chapter 6105 4.2.20. Minnesota Rules Chapter 6115 4.2.21. Minnesota Rules Chapter 6120 4.2.22. Minnesota Rules Chapter 6135 4.2.23. Minnesota Rules Chapter 7001 4.2.24. Minnesota Rules Chapter 7020 4.2.25. Minnesota Rules Chapter 7050 4.2.26. Minnesota Rules Chapter 7052 4.2.27. Minnesota Rules Chapter 7090 4.2.28. Minnesota Rules Chapter 8410 4.2.29. Minnesota Rules Chapter 8420 4.3. Model Ordinances

Appendix H - Acronyms, Symbols and Glossary 1. Acronyms 2. Symbols 3. Glossary

Appendix I - Bibliography 1. Bibliography 2. Web References 2.1. Agency Web References 2.1.1. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 2.1.2. Metropolitan Council (Met Council) 2.1.3. Minnesota Board of Water and Soil Resources (BWSR) 2.1.4. Minnesota Cities and Local Government 2.1.5. Minnesota Counties 2.1.6. Minnesota Department of Agriculture (MDA) 2.1.7. Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) 2.1.8. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR) 2.1.9. Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT) 2.1.10. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA). 2.1.11. Minnesota Soil and Water Conservation Districts (SWCD) 2.1.12. Minnesota Watershed Districts and Water Management Organizations 2.1.13. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 2.1.14. National Park Service (NPS). 2.1.15. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) 2.1.16. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 2.1.17. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) 2.1.18. US Forest Service 2.2. Other Web References

Appendix J - Issue Papers 1. Topics 2. Access

Appendix K - Stormwater Research and Education 1. Introduction 2. Research Needs 3. Research Centers 4. Educational Resources on Stormwater Management

Appendix L - Simple Method for Estimating Phosphorus Export 1. The Simple Method 1.1. Depth of Rainfall (P) 1.2. Correction Factor (Pj) 1.3. Runoff Coefficient (Rv) 1.4. Site Area (A) 1.5. Pollutant Concentration (C) 2. Calculating Pre-Development and Post-Development Phosphorus Load 3. References

Appendix M - Estimating Channel Protection Storage Volume 1. COMPUTING Vcp 1.1. Channel Protection Method for Ponds 1.2. Channel Protection Method for Non-Pond BMPs 1.2.1. Additional Notes 1.3. Shortcut Sizing for Channel Protection 1.4. Storage Volume Estimation 2. Figures

Appendix N - Three-Tiered BMP Performance Range for TSS and TP

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Approach
• 3. Recommended Performance Measures
• 3.1. BMP Performance
• 3.1.1. Stormwater ponds
• 3.1.2. Stormwater wetlands
• 3.1.3. Filtration practice (grass filters/swales)
• 3.1.4. Filtration practice (media filters; includes sand filters, peat mixed with sand, and other)
• 3.1.5. Bioretention
• 3.1.6. Infiltration
• 3.2. Other Factors Influencing Performance
• 3.2.1. The effects of geographic location
• 3.2.2. Watershed configuration
• 3.2.3. Uncertainty of hydrologic measurements
• 3.2.4. BMP design criteria
• 3.2.5. BMP maintenance
• 3.2.6. Climate
• 4. References

Appendix O - Channel Protection Criteria Evaluation

• 1. Background
• 2. Methodology
• 3. Results/Discussion
• 4. CONCEPTS Erosion Modeling Results
• 5. Conclusions
• Literature Review Summary