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==Related pages==
 
==Related pages==
**[[Terminology for swales]]
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*[[Terminology for swales]]
**[[Overview for wet swale (wetland channel)]]
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*[[Overview for wet swale (wetland channel)]]
**[[BMPs for stormwater filtration|Types of filtration]]
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*[[BMPs for stormwater filtration|Types of filtration]]
**[[Design criteria for wet swale (wetland channel)]]
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*[[Design criteria for wet swale (wetland channel)]]
**[[Construction specifications for wet swale (wetland channel)]]  
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*[[Construction specifications for wet swale (wetland channel)]]  
**[[Operation and maintenance of wet swale (wetland channel)]]
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*[[Operation and maintenance of wet swale (wetland channel)]]
**[[Assessing the performance of wet swale (wetland channel)]]
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*[[Assessing the performance of wet swale (wetland channel)]]
**[[Plants for swales]]
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*[[Plants for swales]]
**[[Check dams for stormwater swales]]
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*[[Check dams for stormwater swales]]
**[[Calculating credits for wet swale (wetland channel)]]
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*[[Calculating credits for wet swale (wetland channel)]]
**[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Cost_considerations_for_dry_swale_(grass_swale) Cost considerations]
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*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Cost_considerations_for_dry_swale_(grass_swale) Cost considerations]
**[[External resources for wet swale (wetland channel)]]
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*[[External resources for wet swale (wetland channel)]]
**[[References for dry swale (grass sawale)|References for wet swale (wetland channel)]]
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*[[References for dry swale (grass sawale)|References for wet swale (wetland channel)]]
**[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Requirements,_recommendations_and_information_for_using_wet_swale_as_a_BMP_in_the_MIDS_calculator Requirements, recommendations and information for using wet swale in the MIDS calculator]
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*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Requirements,_recommendations_and_information_for_using_wet_swale_as_a_BMP_in_the_MIDS_calculator Requirements, recommendations and information for using wet swale in the MIDS calculator]
**[[Requirements, recommendations and information for using swale side slope as a BMP in the MIDS calculator]]
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*[[Requirements, recommendations and information for using swale side slope as a BMP in the MIDS calculator]]
 
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Revision as of 16:24, 18 April 2018

image
photo of swale with water
A properly functioning swale should drain within 48 hours of a runoff event
Green Infrastructure: Swales can be an important tool for retention and detention of stormwater runoff. Because they utilize vegetation, swales provide additional benefits, including cleaner air, carbon sequestration, improved biological habitat, and aesthetic value.

Swales retain solids and associated pollutants by settling and filtering. A typical method for assessing the performance of of BMPs with underdrains is therefore measuring and comparing pollutant concentrations at the influent and effluent. If the swale is designed for infiltration, see Assessing the performance of bioretention.

An online manual for assessing BMP treatment performance was developed in 2010 by Andrew Erickson, Peter Weiss, and John Gulliver from the University of Minnesota and St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Laboratory. The manual advises on a four-level process to assess the performance of a Best Management Practice.

  • Level 1: Visual Inspection. This includes assessments for infiltration practices and for filtration practices. The website includes links to a downloadable checklist.
  • Level 2: Capacity Testing. Level 2 testing can be applied to both infiltration and filtration practices.
  • Level 3: Synthetic Runoff Testing for infiltration and filtration practices. Synthetic runoff test results can be used to develop an accurate characterization of pollutant retention or removal, but can be limited by the need for an available water volume and discharge.
  • Level 4: Monitoring for infiltration or filtration practices

Level 1 activities do not produce numerical performance data that could be used to obtain a stormwater management credit (stormwater credit). BMP owners and operators who are interested in using data obtained from Levels 2 and 3 should consult with the MPCA or other regulatory agency to determine if the results are appropriate for credit calculations. Level 4, monitoring, is the method most frequently used for assessment of the performance of a BMP.

The adjacent table summarizes the four levels of assessment.

Levels of assessment for stormwater best management practices (stormwater control measures)
Link to this table

Level Title Objectives Relative Typical elapsed time Advantages Disadvantages
1 Visual Inspection Determine if stormwater BMP is malfunctioning 1 1 day Quick, inexpensive Limited knowledge gained
2 Capacity testing Determine infiltration or sedimentation capacity and rates 10 1 week Less expensive, no equipment left in field Limited to infiltration and sedimentation capacity/rates, uncertainties can be substantial
3 Simulated runoff testing Determine infiltration rates, capacity, and pollutant removal performance 10-100 1 week to 1 month Controlled experiments, more accurate with fewer tests required for statistical significance as compared to monitoring, no equipment left in field Cannot be used without sufficient water supply, limited scope
4 Monitoring Determine infiltration rates, capacity, and pollutant removal performance 400 14 months Most comprehensive. Assess stormwater BMP within watershed without modeling Uncertainty in results due to lack of control and number of variables, equipment left in field


Use these links to obtain detailed information on the following topics related to BMP performance monitoring:


Related pages