BMP pollutant removal for phosphorus
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Infiltration guidelines for potential stormwater hotspots > Design criteria for bioretention > Pretreatment sizing for basins and filters strips > Special:WhatLinksHere/File:BMP properties - Stormwater disconnection.png > BMP pollutant removal for phosphorus

This table shows comparison of phosphorus removal for different BMPs.^a,e,f Values represent the percent of incoming pollutant that is removed. Source: MPCA Minnesota Stormwater Manual.
Link to this table

Information: Removal rates shown here are composite averages intended solely for use in comparing performance between BMP designs and for use in calculating load reduction in site-based TP models. They have been adapted, rounded and slightly discounted from statistical values published in BMP performance databases.

BMP group	BMP design variation	Average TP removal rate^b	Maximum TP removal rate^c	Average soluble P removal rate^d,g
Bioretention^f	Underdrain	50	65	60
Bioretention^f	Infiltration	100	100	100
Filtration	Sand filter	50	55	0
	Dry swale	0	55	0
	Wet swale	65	75	70
Infiltration^f	Infiltration trench	100	100	100
Infiltration^f	Infiltration basin	100	100	100
Stormwater ponds	Wet pond	50	65	0
Stormwater ponds	Multiple pond	60	75	0
Stormwater wetlands	Shallow wetland	40	55	0
Stormwater wetlands	Pond/wetland	55	75	0

^aRemoval rates show in table are a composite of five sources:

Caraco (Center for Watershed protection, 2001)
Maryland Department of the Environment](2000)
Winer (Center for Watershed Protection, 2000)
P8 modeling (William Walker)

^b Average removal efficiency expected under MPCA Sizing Rules 1 and 3
^c Upper limit on phosphorus removal with increased sizing and design features, based on national review
^d Average rate of soluble phosphorus removal in the literature
^e See section on calculating credits for each BMP in this Manual.
^f Note that the performance numbers apply only to that portion of total flow actually being treated; it does not include any runoff that bypasses the BMP
^gNote that soluble P can transfer from surface water to groundwater, but this column refers only to surface water
^hNote that 100% is assumed for all infiltration, but only for that portion of the flow fully treated in the infiltration facility; by-passed runoff or runoff diverted via underdrain does not receive this level of treatment.