Difference between revisions of "Native Species that have been grown successfully on extensive green roofs in Minnesota"
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Allium cernuum</td> | + | <td>''Allium cernuum''</td> |
<td>Nodding Wild Onion</td> | <td>Nodding Wild Onion</td> | ||
<td>1 to 1.5</td> | <td>1 to 1.5</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Allium stellatum</td> | + | <td>''Allium stellatum''</td> |
<td>Prairie Wild Onion</td> | <td>Prairie Wild Onion</td> | ||
<td>1 to 2</td> | <td>1 to 2</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Andropogon gerardii</td> | + | <td>''Andropogon gerardii''</td> |
<td>Big Bluestem</td> | <td>Big Bluestem</td> | ||
<td>2 to 6</td> | <td>2 to 6</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Anemone patens </td> | + | <td>''Anemone patens'' </td> |
<td>Pasque flower</td> | <td>Pasque flower</td> | ||
<td>0.5</td> | <td>0.5</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Antennaria neglecta</td> | + | <td>''Antennaria neglecta''</td> |
<td>Field pussytoes</td> | <td>Field pussytoes</td> | ||
<td>0.5</td> | <td>0.5</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Antennaria plantaginafolia</td> | + | <td>''Antennaria plantaginafolia''</td> |
<td>Pussytoes</td> | <td>Pussytoes</td> | ||
<td>1</td> | <td>1</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Aquilegia canadensis</td> | + | <td>''Aquilegia canadensis''</td> |
<td>Columbine</td> | <td>Columbine</td> | ||
<td>2 to 3</td> | <td>2 to 3</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Asclepias verticillata </td> | + | <td>''Asclepias verticillata'' </td> |
<td>Milkweed</td> | <td>Milkweed</td> | ||
<td>1 to 1.5</td> | <td>1 to 1.5</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Aster ericoides</td> | + | <td>''Aster ericoides''</td> |
<td>Heath aster</td> | <td>Heath aster</td> | ||
<td>1 to 3</td> | <td>1 to 3</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Aster laevis </td> | + | <td>''Aster laevis'' </td> |
<td>Smooth aster</td> | <td>Smooth aster</td> | ||
<td>1 to 3</td> | <td>1 to 3</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Aster lateriflorus</td> | + | <td>''Aster lateriflorus''</td> |
<td>Calico aster</td> | <td>Calico aster</td> | ||
<td>2</td> | <td>2</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Aster macrophyllus</td> | + | <td>''Aster macrophyllus''</td> |
<td>Large-Leaved aster</td> | <td>Large-Leaved aster</td> | ||
<td>1 to 2</td> | <td>1 to 2</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Aster novae-angliae</td> | + | <td>''Aster novae-angliae''</td> |
<td>New England Aster</td> | <td>New England Aster</td> | ||
<td>3 to 5</td> | <td>3 to 5</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Aster oolentangiensis</td> | + | <td>''Aster oolentangiensis''</td> |
<td>Shyblue aster</td> | <td>Shyblue aster</td> | ||
<td>3</td> | <td>3</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Aster sericeus</td> | + | <td>''Aster sericeus''</td> |
<td>Silky aster</td> | <td>Silky aster</td> | ||
<td>1</td> | <td>1</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Bouteloua curtipendula</td> | + | <td>''Bouteloua curtipendula''</td> |
<td>Side-Oats Grama</td> | <td>Side-Oats Grama</td> | ||
<td>1 to 3</td> | <td>1 to 3</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Bouteloua gracilis</td> | + | <td>''Bouteloua gracilis''</td> |
<td>Blue Grama Harebell</td> | <td>Blue Grama Harebell</td> | ||
<td>0.5 to 1</td> | <td>0.5 to 1</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Campanula rotundifolia</td> | + | <td>''Campanula rotundifolia''</td> |
<td>Harebell</td> | <td>Harebell</td> | ||
<td>1 to 1.5</td> | <td>1 to 1.5</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Carex pensylvanica</td> | + | <td>''Carex pensylvanica''</td> |
<td>Pennsylvania sedge</td> | <td>Pennsylvania sedge</td> | ||
<td>0.5</td> | <td>0.5</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Carex vulpinoidea</td> | + | <td>''Carex vulpinoidea''</td> |
<td>Brown Fox Sedge</td> | <td>Brown Fox Sedge</td> | ||
<td>1 to 3</td> | <td>1 to 3</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Chamaecrista fasciculata</td> | + | <td>''Chamaecrista fasciculata''</td> |
<td>Partridge Pea</td> | <td>Partridge Pea</td> | ||
<td>2 to 3</td> | <td>2 to 3</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Coreopsis palmata</td> | + | <td>''Coreopsis palmata''</td> |
<td>Bird's Foot Coreopsis</td> | <td>Bird's Foot Coreopsis</td> | ||
<td>2</td> | <td>2</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Dalea purpurea </td> | + | <td>''Dalea purpurea'' </td> |
<td>Purple Prairie Clover</td> | <td>Purple Prairie Clover</td> | ||
<td>1 to 2</td> | <td>1 to 2</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Fragaria vesca </td> | + | <td>''Fragaria vesca'' </td> |
<td>Wild strawberry</td> | <td>Wild strawberry</td> | ||
<td>0.5</td> | <td>0.5</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Fragaria virginiana </td> | + | <td>''Fragaria virginiana'' </td> |
<td>Wild strawberry</td> | <td>Wild strawberry</td> | ||
<td>0.5</td> | <td>0.5</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Geranium maculatum</td> | + | <td>''Geranium maculatum''</td> |
<td>Wild geranium</td> | <td>Wild geranium</td> | ||
<td>1</td> | <td>1</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Geum triflorum </td> | + | <td>''Geum triflorum'' </td> |
<td>Prairie smoke</td> | <td>Prairie smoke</td> | ||
<td>0.5</td> | <td>0.5</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Heuchera richardsonii </td> | + | <td>''Heuchera richardsonii'' </td> |
<td>Alumroot</td> | <td>Alumroot</td> | ||
<td>1</td> | <td>1</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Koeleria pyramidata</td> | + | <td>''Koeleria pyramidata''</td> |
<td>June grass</td> | <td>June grass</td> | ||
<td>2</td> | <td>2</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Liatris aspera</td> | + | <td>''Liatris aspera''</td> |
<td>Rough Blazing Star</td> | <td>Rough Blazing Star</td> | ||
<td>1.5 to 4</td> | <td>1.5 to 4</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Liatris cylindracea</td> | + | <td>''Liatris cylindracea''</td> |
<td>Cylindric Blazing Star</td> | <td>Cylindric Blazing Star</td> | ||
<td>1</td> | <td>1</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Penstemon grandiflorus</td> | + | <td>''Penstemon grandiflorus''</td> |
<td>Large-Flowered Beard Tongue</td> | <td>Large-Flowered Beard Tongue</td> | ||
<td>2</td> | <td>2</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Phlox divaricata</td> | + | <td>''Phlox divaricata''</td> |
<td>Woodland Phlox</td> | <td>Woodland Phlox</td> | ||
<td>0.5 to 1.5</td> | <td>0.5 to 1.5</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Polemonium reptans</td> | + | <td>''Polemonium reptans''</td> |
<td>jacob's Ladder</td> | <td>jacob's Ladder</td> | ||
<td>1</td> | <td>1</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Ruellia humilis</td> | + | <td>''Ruellia humilis''</td> |
<td>Wild Petunia</td> | <td>Wild Petunia</td> | ||
<td>1</td> | <td>1</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Schizachyrium scoparium</td> | + | <td>''Schizachyrium scoparium''</td> |
<td>Little Bluestem</td> | <td>Little Bluestem</td> | ||
<td>3</td> | <td>3</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Solidago nemoralis</td> | + | <td>''Solidago nemoralis''</td> |
<td>Gray Goldenrod</td> | <td>Gray Goldenrod</td> | ||
<td>0.5 to 2</td> | <td>0.5 to 2</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Solidago ptarmicoides</td> | + | <td>''Solidago ptarmicoides''</td> |
<td>Upland White Aster</td> | <td>Upland White Aster</td> | ||
<td>1</td> | <td>1</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Sporobolus heterolepis</td> | + | <td>''Sporobolus heterolepis''</td> |
<td>Prairie Dropseed</td> | <td>Prairie Dropseed</td> | ||
<td>2 to 4</td> | <td>2 to 4</td> | ||
| Line 404: | Line 404: | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Thalictrum dioicum </td> | + | <td>''Thalictrum dioicum'' </td> |
<td>Early Meadow-Rue</td> | <td>Early Meadow-Rue</td> | ||
<td>1 to 2</td> | <td>1 to 2</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Tradescantia bracteata</td> | + | <td>''Tradescantia bracteata''</td> |
<td>Bracted Spiderwort</td> | <td>Bracted Spiderwort</td> | ||
<td>1</td> | <td>1</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Tradescantia occidentalis</td> | + | <td>''Tradescantia occidentalis''</td> |
<td>Western Spiderwort</td> | <td>Western Spiderwort</td> | ||
<td>2</td> | <td>2</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Tradescantia ohiensis</td> | + | <td>''Tradescantia ohiensis''</td> |
<td>Ohio Spiderwort</td> | <td>Ohio Spiderwort</td> | ||
<td>3</td> | <td>3</td> | ||
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</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td>Viola pedatifida</td> | + | <td>''Viola pedatifida''</td> |
<td>Bearded Birdfoot Violet</td> | <td>Bearded Birdfoot Violet</td> | ||
<td>0.5</td> | <td>0.5</td> | ||
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<sup>3</sup>Based on research at Michigan State University, Rowe in Sutton et al 2012b<br> | <sup>3</sup>Based on research at Michigan State University, Rowe in Sutton et al 2012b<br> | ||
<sup>4</sup>Based on research at Michigan State University, Monterusso et al 2005. In this study, plants were irrigated the first growing season, and irrigation was then abruptly stopped July 10 of the second growing season, during an unusually warm and dry summer; plants were not irrigated at all during the third growing season.<br> | <sup>4</sup>Based on research at Michigan State University, Monterusso et al 2005. In this study, plants were irrigated the first growing season, and irrigation was then abruptly stopped July 10 of the second growing season, during an unusually warm and dry summer; plants were not irrigated at all during the third growing season.<br> | ||
| + | <sup>*</sup>Goes dormant or turns brown with little or no irrigation in drought but rebounds when water is available again<br> | ||
<sup>5</sup>Based on observations at Phillips Eco-Enterprise green roof, The Kestrel Design Group personal communication, 2013.</font size> | <sup>5</sup>Based on observations at Phillips Eco-Enterprise green roof, The Kestrel Design Group personal communication, 2013.</font size> | ||
Revision as of 20:22, 19 June 2013
Native species that have been grown successfully on extensive green roofs in Minnesota
Link to this table
| Scientific name | Common name | Plant height (feet) | Approximate bloom time | Flower color | Sun exposure | Found to require irrigation in some projects or studies | Found to survive with little or no irrigation in some studies or projects |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allium cernuum | Nodding Wild Onion | 1 to 1.5 | July-August | Pink | Full sun to part shade | X3,4 | |
| Allium stellatum | Prairie Wild Onion | 1 to 2 | July-August | Pink | Full sun to part shade | ||
| Andropogon gerardii | Big Bluestem | 2 to 6 | n/a | n/a | Full sun to part shade | X1,2,* | |
| Anemone patens | Pasque flower | 0.5 | April-May | Purple | Full Sun to Part Shade | ||
| Antennaria neglecta | Field pussytoes | 0.5 | April-June | White | Full Sun to Part Shade | ||
| Antennaria plantaginafolia | Pussytoes | 1 | April-June | White | Full sun to part shade | ||
| Aquilegia canadensis | Columbine | 2 to 3 | May-July | Red/Yellow | Full sun to part shade | ||
| Asclepias verticillata | Milkweed | 1 to 1.5 | June-August | White | Full sun to part shade | ||
| Aster ericoides | Heath aster | 1 to 3 | July-October | White | Full sun to part shade | ||
| Aster laevis | Smooth aster | 1 to 3 | August-October | Blue-violet | Full sun to part shade | X4 | |
| Aster lateriflorus | Calico aster | 2 | August-October | White | Full sun to part shade | ||
| Aster macrophyllus | Large-Leaved aster | 1 to 2 | August-October | Lilac | Full sun to part shade | ||
| Aster novae-angliae | New England Aster | 3 to 5 | August-October | Red-violet | Full sun to part shade | ||
| Aster oolentangiensis | Shyblue aster | 3 | August-October | Blue | Full sun to part shade | ||
| Aster sericeus | Silky aster | 1 | September-October | Purple | Full sun to part shade | ||
| Bouteloua curtipendula | Side-Oats Grama | 1 to 3 | n/a | n/a | Full sun | X1,* | |
| Bouteloua gracilis | Blue Grama Harebell | 0.5 to 1 | n/a | n/a | Full sun | X1,5,* | |
| Campanula rotundifolia | Harebell | 1 to 1.5 | June-September | Blue | Full sun to part shade | ||
| Carex pensylvanica | Pennsylvania sedge | 0.5 | n/a | n/a | Full sun to full shade | ||
| Carex vulpinoidea | Brown Fox Sedge | 1 to 3 | n/a | n/a | Full sun to part shade | ||
| Chamaecrista fasciculata | Partridge Pea | 2 to 3 | July-September | Yellow | Full sun to part shade | ||
| Coreopsis palmata | Bird's Foot Coreopsis | 2 | June-August | Yellow | Full sun to part shade | ||
| Dalea purpurea | Purple Prairie Clover | 1 to 2 | June-July | Yellow | Full sun | X4 | X1 |
| Fragaria vesca | Wild strawberry | 0.5 | May-June | White | Full sun to part shade | ||
| Fragaria virginiana | Wild strawberry | 0.5 | White | Full sun to part shade | X4 | X1,* | |
| Geranium maculatum | Wild geranium | 1 | April-June | Pink | Full sun to full shade | ||
| Geum triflorum | Prairie smoke | 0.5 | April-June | Red | Full sun to part shade | X1,* | |
| Heuchera richardsonii | Alumroot | 1 | May-June | Greenish white | Full sun to full shade | ||
| Koeleria pyramidata | June grass | 2 | n/a | n/a | Full sun to part shade | X4 | X1,2,3 |
| Liatris aspera | Rough Blazing Star | 1.5 to 4 | August-September | Rose, lavender | Full sun to part shade | X4 | |
| Liatris cylindracea | Cylindric Blazing Star | 1 | July-October | Purple | Full sun to part shade | ||
| Penstemon grandiflorus | Large-Flowered Beard Tongue | 2 | May-June | Purple | Full sun to part shade | ||
| Phlox divaricata | Woodland Phlox | 0.5 to 1.5 | April-June | Blue | Part shade to full shade | ||
| Polemonium reptans | jacob's Ladder | 1 | April-June | Blue | Full sun to full shade | ||
| Ruellia humilis | Wild Petunia | 1 | June-August | Purple | Full sun | ||
| Schizachyrium scoparium | Little Bluestem | 3 | n/a | n/a | Full sun to part shade | X4 | |
| Solidago nemoralis | Gray Goldenrod | 0.5 to 2 | August-October | Yellow | Full sun | ||
| Solidago ptarmicoides | Upland White Aster | 1 | July-August | White | Full sun | ||
| Sporobolus heterolepis | Prairie Dropseed | 2 to 4 | n/a | n/a | Full sun to part shade | X4 | X1 |
| Thalictrum dioicum | Early Meadow-Rue | 1 to 2 | May | Greenish yellow | Full sun to part shade | ||
| Tradescantia bracteata | Bracted Spiderwort | 1 | May-July | Purple | Full sun | ||
| Tradescantia occidentalis | Western Spiderwort | 2 | May-July | Blue | Full sun | ||
| Tradescantia ohiensis | Ohio Spiderwort | 3 | May-July | Blue | Full sun to part shade | X3,4 | |
| Viola pedatifida | Bearded Birdfoot Violet | 0.5 | April-June | Purple | Full sun to part shade |
1Based on trial green roofs at Chicago Botanical Garden, Richard Hawke, Personal Communication
2Based on Kevin Carroll, personal communication, 2013.
3Based on research at Michigan State University, Rowe in Sutton et al 2012b
4Based on research at Michigan State University, Monterusso et al 2005. In this study, plants were irrigated the first growing season, and irrigation was then abruptly stopped July 10 of the second growing season, during an unusually warm and dry summer; plants were not irrigated at all during the third growing season.
*Goes dormant or turns brown with little or no irrigation in drought but rebounds when water is available again
5Based on observations at Phillips Eco-Enterprise green roof, The Kestrel Design Group personal communication, 2013.