Difference between revisions of "Processes for removing pollutants from stormwater runoff"
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| − | + | <font size=3>'''Processes for removing pollutants from stormwater runoff'''</font size><br> | |
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Link to this [[Processes for removing pollutants from stormwater runoff|table]]</center> | Link to this [[Processes for removing pollutants from stormwater runoff|table]]</center> | ||
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<th>Primary Pollutant</th> | <th>Primary Pollutant</th> | ||
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<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td rowspan=4>Hydraulic / Volume Management</td> | <td rowspan=4>Hydraulic / Volume Management</td> | ||
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<td>Peak flow</td> | <td>Peak flow</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
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<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>infiltration / runoff reduction</td> | <td>infiltration / runoff reduction</td> | ||
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<td>Runoff volume</td> | <td>Runoff volume</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
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<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>Evaporation</td> | <td>Evaporation</td> | ||
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<td>Runoff volume</td> | <td>Runoff volume</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
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<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>Transpiration</td> | <td>Transpiration</td> | ||
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<td>Runoff volume</td> | <td>Runoff volume</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
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<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td rowspan=6>Physical</td> | <td rowspan=6>Physical</td> | ||
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<td>Gross pollutants, vegetation</td> | <td>Gross pollutants, vegetation</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
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<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>Sedimentation</td> | <td>Sedimentation</td> | ||
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<td>Heavy suspended solids</td> | <td>Heavy suspended solids</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
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<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>Filtration</td> | <td>Filtration</td> | ||
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<td>Suspended solids</td> | <td>Suspended solids</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
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<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>Flotation</td> | <td>Flotation</td> | ||
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<td>Oil/grease, litter, vegetation</td> | <td>Oil/grease, litter, vegetation</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
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<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>Laminar separation</td> | <td>Laminar separation</td> | ||
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<td>Oil/grease</td> | <td>Oil/grease</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
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<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>Swirl concentration</td> | <td>Swirl concentration</td> | ||
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<td>Suspended solids</td> | <td>Suspended solids</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
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<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td rowspan=3>Biological</td> | <td rowspan=3>Biological</td> | ||
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<td>Phosphorus, dissolved</td> | <td>Phosphorus, dissolved</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
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<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>Pathogen die-off</td> | <td>Pathogen die-off</td> | ||
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<td>Pathogens</td> | <td>Pathogens</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
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<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>Nitrification / denitrification</td> | <td>Nitrification / denitrification</td> | ||
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<td>Nitrogen</td> | <td>Nitrogen</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
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<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td rowspan=5>Chemical</td> | <td rowspan=5>Chemical</td> | ||
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<td>Dissolved inorganic pollutants</td> | <td>Dissolved inorganic pollutants</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
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<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>Coagulation</td> | <td>Coagulation</td> | ||
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<td>Colloidal solids</td> | <td>Colloidal solids</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
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<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>Absorption</td> | <td>Absorption</td> | ||
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<td>Dissolved pollutants</td> | <td>Dissolved pollutants</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
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<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>Adsorption</td> | <td>Adsorption</td> | ||
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<td>Dissolved pollutants</td> | <td>Dissolved pollutants</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
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<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>Ion Exchange</td> | <td>Ion Exchange</td> | ||
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<td>X</td> | <td>X</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
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<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>Other</td> | <td>Other</td> | ||
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<td>Temperature</td> | <td>Temperature</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
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</table> | </table> | ||
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[[category:Table]] | [[category:Table]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Treatment train]] | ||
| + | </noinclude> | ||
Revision as of 18:41, 9 June 2015
Processes for removing pollutants from stormwater runoff
Link to this table
| Process Category | Process Mechanism | Definition | Primary Pollutant |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hydraulic / Volume Management | Attenuation | Temporary detention of water for the purpose of controlling the rate of outflow | Peak flow |
| infiltration / runoff reduction | Water flowing into soils which does not become stormwater runoff | Runoff volume | |
| Evaporation | Water returning to atmosphere from water surfaces | Runoff volume | |
| Transpiration | Water returning to atmosphere through plant metabolism | Runoff volume | |
| Physical | Screening | Separation of gross pollutants from water by straining through large openings | Gross pollutants, vegetation |
| Sedimentation | Separation of gross pollutants from water by straining through large openings | Heavy suspended solids | |
| Filtration | Sedimentation and physical retention of smaller particles passing through media | Suspended solids | |
| Flotation | Separation of oil/grease and litter upward through the water column through buoyancy | Oil/grease, litter, vegetation | |
| Laminar separation | Movement of water through non-turbulent conditions to effectively separate particles | Oil/grease | |
| Swirl concentration | Movement of water to the center of a hydraulic vortex and of particles to the outer edges of the vortex via inertia and gravitational force | Suspended solids | |
| Biological | Plant metabolism | Uptake of nutrients from the water by plants for the purpose of metabolism | Phosphorus, dissolved |
| Pathogen die-off | Die-off of pathogens by natural methods | Pathogens | |
| Nitrification / denitrification | Process of nitrogen removal by bacteria that results in nitrogen release to atmosphere as a gas | Nitrogen | |
| Chemical | Precipitation | Joining of two inorganic dissolved pollutants into a heavier particle that can be settled or filtered | Dissolved inorganic pollutants |
| Coagulation | Joining of small particles of one pollutant into a heavier particle that can be settled or filtered | Colloidal solids | |
| Absorption | Pollutant penetrating into the molecular level of the media | Dissolved pollutants | |
| Adsorption | Attachment of a pollutant to the surfaces of a media | Dissolved pollutants | |
| Ion Exchange | Capture of a dissolved pollutant, typically heavy metals, in a media through the exchange of ions between the media and the pollutant | Heavy metals | X |
| Other | Thermal / temperature control | Cooling of water that has been heated through contact with pavements and other surfaces | Temperature |