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Minnesota Stormwater Manual

References for Smart Salting (S2) and road salt winter maintenance
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A

B

  • Bäckström, Mattias, Stefan Karlsson, Lars Bäckman, Lennart Folkeson, and Bo Lind. 2004. Mobilisation of heavy metals by deicing salts in a roadside environment. Water Research 38, no. 3 (2004): 720-732.
  • Barnes, Michael. 1993. Metro Division Snow and Ice Research Field Studies, 1992-1993 Winter Season. Minnesota Department of Transportation, Metro Maintenance Operations. Roseville, MN.
  • Berthouex, Paul M., and George A. Prior. 1968. Underground Corrosion and Salt Infiltration. Journal (American Water Works Association) 60:3: 345-356.
  • Birst, S., M. Smadi. 2009. Evaluation of North Dakota’s Fixed Automated Spray Technology Systems. North Dakota Advanced Traffic Analysis Center. Fargo, ND.
  • Blackburn and Associates. 2009. Calibrated Guide for Ground-Speed-Controlled and Manually Controlled Material Spreaders. Wisconsin Department of Transportation Clear Roads Technical Advisory Committee. Madison, WI.
  • Blömqvist, Goran, Johansson, E.L. 1999. Airborne spreading and deposition of de-icing salt – a case study. The Science of the Total Environment. 235: 161-169.
  • Boselly, S. E., and D. Ernst. 1993. Road Weather Information Systems, Volume 2: Implementation Guide. Strategic Highway Research Program SHRP-H 351.
  • Brenner, Mark V., R.R. Horner. 1992. Effects of calcium magnesium acetate (CMA) on dissolved oxygen in natural waters. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 7 239-265. Elsevier Science Publishers.

C

  • Cambridge Systematics, Inc, High Street Consulting Group. 2009. Performance Measurement Framework for Highway Capacity Decision Making. Strategic Highway Research Program 2 report S2-CO2-RR. Transportation Research Board. Washington, D.C.
  • Cheng, K. C., and T. F. Guthrie. 1998. Liquid road deicing environment impact. Transportation Association of Canada. Ottawa, Ontario.
  • Cody, R. D., P. G. Spry, A. M. Cody, and G.-L. Gan. 1994. The Role of Magnesium in Concrete Deterioration. The Iowa Highway Research Board, Final Report. HR-355. Iowa Department of Transportation. Ames, IA.
  • CTC & Associates LLC. 2004. Anti-Caking Admixtures to Road Salt. WisDOT Transportation Synthesis Report. Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Madison, WI.
  • CTC & Associates LLC. 2009. Levels of Service in Winter Maintenance Operations: A Survey of State Practice. WisDOT Transportation Synthesis Report. Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Madison, WI.
  • Cusak, Thomas P. No date. Environmental Impacts from Road Salt. Power Point presentation. Leggette, Brashears & Graham, Inc. Shelton, CT.

D

F

G, H, K

  • Garrett, Brandon. 2009. Just Add Water. Kansas LTAP Newsletter. University of Kansas Transportation Center for Road & Bridge Agencies. Lawrence, KS.
  • Horner, Richard Ray. 1988. Environmental monitoring and evaluation of calcium magnesium acetate (CMA). NCHRP Report, Issue Number 305. Transportation Research Board. Washington, DC.
  • Kelsey, P., and R. G. Hootman. 1992. Deicing Salt and Effects on Vegetation along Highways. Case Study: Deicing Salt Deposition on the Morton Arboretum. Chemical Deicers and the Environment: 253-81.
  • Kelsey, P., and R. G. Hootman. 1992. Case Study: Deicing Salt Deposition on the Morton Arboretum. Deicing Salt Dispersion and Effect on Vegetation along Highways. Chemical Deicers and the Environment: 253-81. Lewis Publishers.
  • Kroening, Sharon, Ferrey, M. 2013. The Condition of Minnesota’s Groundwater, 2007 – 2011. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. St. Paul, MN.
  • Kuemmel, David, and Rashad Hanbali. 1992. Accident analysis of ice control operations. Marquette University Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering. Milwaukee, WI.

L

M

N

  • National Research Council (US). 1991. “Comparing Salt and Calcium Magnesium Acetate”. Highway Deicing. No. 235. Transportation Research Board, 1991.
  • New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services. 2014. Environmental, Health and Economic Impacts of Road Salt. Web page. Concord, NH. http://des.nh.gov/organization/divisions/water/wmb/was/salt-reduction-initiative/impacts.htm#waterquality
  • Nixon, Wilfred R., and Jing Xiong. 2009. “Investigation of Materials for the Reduction and Prevention of Corrosion on Highway Maintenance Equipment”. No. IHRB Project TR-472. Hydroscience and Engineering, University of Iowa. Iowa City, IA.
  • Norrström, A-C., and E. Bergstedt. "The impact of road de-icing salts (NaCl) on colloid dispersion and base cation pools in roadside soils." Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 127, no. 1-4 (2001): 281-299.
  • Novotny, Eric, Murphy, D., Stefan, H. 2007. Road Salt Effects on the Water Quality of Lakes in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area. St. Anthony Falls Laboratory. Minneapolis, MN.

O, P

  • Ohio Salt Storage Workgroup. 2013. State Oversight of Road Salt Storage in Midwestern and Northeastern U.S. Ohio Water Resources Council, State Coordinating Committee on Ground Water. Columbus, OH.
  • Peart, J. W., and M. L. Jacoby. 1991. “Deicer Mortar-Rebar, Pending Study”. Presented at International Symposium on CMA, Northeastern University. Boston, MA.
  • Peterson, Olof. 1991. The Chemical Effects on Cement Mortar of Solution of Calcium Magnesium Acetate and Other Deicing Salts. Division of Building Materials, Lund Institute of Technology. Lund, Sweden.
  • Peterson, Gary, P. Keranen, R. Pletan. 2009. Local Government Snowplow Salt and Sander Controller Calibration Guide. Minnesota Department of Transportation, Research Services Center. St. Paul, MN.
  • Peterson G., Keranen P., and Pletan R. “Identifying the Parameter for Effective Implementation of Liquid-Only Plow Routes.” Publication Clear Roads 09-02. Clear Roads, Wisconsin Department of Transportation and U.S. Department of Transportation, October 2010. http://wisdotresearch.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/10-18liquidplowroutes-f.pdf
  • Pilgrim, Keith M. 2013. “Determining the Aquatic Toxicity of Deicing Materials”. No. Project 99083/CR11-02. 2013. Minnesota Department of Transportation. St. Paul, MN.
  • Public Sector Consultants. (1993). “Current Deicing Practices and Alternative Deicing Materials” in The Use of Selected Deicing materials on Michigan Roads: Environmental and Economic Impacts. http://michigan.gov/mdot/0,1607,7-151-9622_11045-57246--,00.html.

R

  • Rhodan, Maya, J. Sanburn. “How Beet Juice is Helping Keep Roads Safe this Winter”. Time Newsfeed, February 14, 2014. http://time.com/5761/salt-shortage-triggers-beet-juice-cheese-brine-alternatives/
  • Rubin, J., P. E. Garder, C. E. Morris, K. L. Nichols, J. M. Peckenham, P. McKee, A. Stern, and T. O. Johnson. 2010. "Maine Winter Roads: salt, safety, environment and cost." A report by the Margaret Chase Smith Policy Center. The University of Maine. Orono, ME.

S

  • Salt Institute. 2015. Salt Storage Handbook: Safe and Sustainable Salt Storage. http://www.saltinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Salt-Storage-Handbook-2015.pdf
  • Sander, Andrew, Eric Novotny, Omid Mohseni, and Heinz Stefan. 2007. Inventory of Road Salt Use in the Minneapolis/St. Paul Metropolitan Area. St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Laboratory. Minneapolis, MN.
  • Santagata, M.C., M. Collepardi. 2000. “The effect of CMA deicers on concrete properties”. Cement and Concrete Research, V. 30, I. 9, 1389-1394. Elsevier Science.
  • Scott, B., Minge, E., and S. Peterson, The Aurora Consortium: Laboratory and Field Studies of Pavement Temperature Sensors, Final Report: MN/RC – 2005-44, SRF Consulting Group, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, November 2005 [Online]. Available: http://www.lrrb.org/PDF/200544.pdf
  • Shi, Xianming, Laura Fay, Zhengxian Yang, Tuan Anh Nguyen, and Yajun Liu. "Corrosion of deicers to metals in transportation infrastructure: Introduction and recent developments." Corrosion reviews 27, no. 1-2 (2009): 23-52.
  • Slick, David S. 1987. “Effect of Calcium Magnesium Acetate on Pavements and Motor Vehicles”. Transportation Research Record 1157. Glenwood, MD.
  • Spry, Paul G., Anita M. Cody, and G. Gan. 1994 The role of magnesium in concrete deterioration. Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University. Ames, IA.
  • Stefan, Heinz G., Eric Novotny, Andrew Sander, and Omid Mohseni. 2008. Study of Environmental Effects of De-Icing Salt on Water Quality in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area, Minnesota. St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Laboratory. Minneapolis, MN.
  • Sumsion, Eric S., and W. Spencer Guthrie. Physical and Chemical Effects of Deicers on Concrete Pavement: Literature Review. No. UT-13.09. 2013.
  • Sutter, L. 2008. The deleterious chemical effects of concentrated deicing solutions on portland cement concrete. No. SD2002-01-F. South Dakota Department of Transportation. Pierre, SD.

T

U, V, W, Y

  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2014. Salt Application and Storage. Web Page. http://water.epa.gov/polwaste/npdes/swbmp/Road-Salt-Application-and-Storage.cfm
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1999. “Minimizing Effects from Highway Deicing”. Stormwater Management Fact Sheet. Office of Water. Washington, DC.
  • Vitaliano, D. F. 1992. “An economic assessment of the social costs of highway salting and the efficiency of substituting a new deicing material”. J. Pol. Anal. Manage.11: 397–418.
  • Wisconsin Transportation Information Center. 2005. “Pre-wetting and Anti-icing – Techniques for Winter Road Maintenance”. Wisconsin Transportation Bulletin, No. 22. University of Wisconsin Department of Engineering Professional Development. Madison, WI.
  • Ye, Zhirui, Christopher K. Strong, Laura Fay, and Xianming Shi. 2009. Cost benefits of weather information for winter road maintenance. Montana State University, Western Transportation Institute. Bozeman, MT.
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