A

B

  • Bäckström, Mattias, Stefan Karlsson, Lars Bäckman, Lennart Folkeson, and Bo Lind. 2004. Mobilisation of heavy metals by deicing salts in a roadside environment. Water Research 38, no. 3 (2004): 720-732.
  • Barnes, Michael. 1993. Metro Division Snow and Ice Research Field Studies, 1992-1993 Winter Season. Minnesota Department of Transportation, Metro Maintenance Operations. Roseville, MN.
  • Berthouex, Paul M., and George A. Prior. 1968. Underground Corrosion and Salt Infiltration. Journal (American Water Works Association) 60:3: 345-356.
  • Birst, S., M. Smadi. 2009. Evaluation of North Dakota’s Fixed Automated Spray Technology Systems. North Dakota Advanced Traffic Analysis Center. Fargo, ND.
  • Blackburn and Associates. 2009. Calibrated Guide for Ground-Speed-Controlled and Manually Controlled Material Spreaders. Wisconsin Department of Transportation Clear Roads Technical Advisory Committee. Madison, WI.
  • Blömqvist, Goran, Johansson, E.L. 1999. Airborne spreading and deposition of de-icing salt – a case study. The Science of the Total Environment. 235: 161-169.
  • Boselly, S. E., and D. Ernst. 1993. Road Weather Information Systems, Volume 2: Implementation Guide. Strategic Highway Research Program SHRP-H 351.
  • Brenner, Mark V., R.R. Horner. 1992. Effects of calcium magnesium acetate (CMA) on dissolved oxygen in natural waters. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 7 239-265. Elsevier Science Publishers.

C

  • Cambridge Systematics, Inc, High Street Consulting Group. 2009. Performance Measurement Framework for Highway Capacity Decision Making. Strategic Highway Research Program 2 report S2-CO2-RR. Transportation Research Board. Washington, D.C.
  • Cheng, K. C., and T. F. Guthrie. 1998. Liquid road deicing environment impact. Transportation Association of Canada. Ottawa, Ontario.
  • Cody, R. D., P. G. Spry, A. M. Cody, and G.-L. Gan. 1994. The Role of Magnesium in Concrete Deterioration. The Iowa Highway Research Board, Final Report. HR-355. Iowa Department of Transportation. Ames, IA.
  • CTC & Associates LLC. 2004. Anti-Caking Admixtures to Road Salt. WisDOT Transportation Synthesis Report. Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Madison, WI.
  • CTC & Associates LLC. 2009. Levels of Service in Winter Maintenance Operations: A Survey of State Practice. WisDOT Transportation Synthesis Report. Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Madison, WI.
  • Cusak, Thomas P. No date. Environmental Impacts from Road Salt. Power Point presentation. Leggette, Brashears & Graham, Inc. Shelton, CT.

D

F

G, H, K

  • Garrett, Brandon. 2009. Just Add Water. Kansas LTAP Newsletter. University of Kansas Transportation Center for Road & Bridge Agencies. Lawrence, KS.
  • Granato, G.E., P. E. Church, and V. J. Stone. 1995. Mobilization of Major and Trace Constituents of Highway Runoff in Groundwater Potentially Caused by Deicing Chemical Migration. Transportation Research Record 1483. pp 91-104.
  • Horner, Richard Ray. 1988. Environmental monitoring and evaluation of calcium magnesium acetate (CMA). NCHRP Report, Issue Number 305. Transportation Research Board. Washington, DC.
  • Howard, K.W.F., Haynes, J. Urban Geology 1993. 3: Groundwater Contamination due to Road De-icing Chemicals - Salt Balance Implications. Geoscience Canada. 20:1:1-8.
  • Kelsey, P., and R. G. Hootman. 1992. Deicing Salt and Effects on Vegetation along Highways. Case Study: Deicing Salt Deposition on the Morton Arboretum. Chemical Deicers and the Environment: 253-81.
  • Kelsey, P., and R. G. Hootman. 1992. Case Study: Deicing Salt Deposition on the Morton Arboretum. Deicing Salt Dispersion and Effect on Vegetation along Highways. Chemical Deicers and the Environment: 253-81. Lewis Publishers.
  • Ketcham, S.A., L. David Minsk, Robert R. Blackburn, Edward J. Fleege. 1996. Manual of Practice for an Effective Anti-icing Program - A Guide For Highway Winter Maintenance Personnel. US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire.
  • Kroening, Sharon, Ferrey, M. 2013. The Condition of Minnesota’s Groundwater, 2007 – 2011. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. St. Paul, MN.
  • Kuemmel, David, and Rashad Hanbali. 1992. Accident analysis of ice control operations. Marquette University Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering. Milwaukee, WI.

L

M

N

O, P

R

S

T

U, V, W, Y

  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2014. Salt Application and Storage. Web Page. http://water.epa.gov/polwaste/npdes/swbmp/Road-Salt-Application-and-Storage.cfm
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1999. “Minimizing Effects from Highway Deicing”. Stormwater Management Fact Sheet. Office of Water. Washington, DC.
  • Vitaliano, D. F. 1992. “An economic assessment of the social costs of highway salting and the efficiency of substituting a new deicing material”. J. Pol. Anal. Manage.11: 397–418.
  • Wisconsin Transportation Information Center. 2005. “Pre-wetting and Anti-icing – Techniques for Winter Road Maintenance”. Wisconsin Transportation Bulletin, No. 22. University of Wisconsin Department of Engineering Professional Development. Madison, WI.
  • Ye, Zhirui, Christopher K. Strong, Laura Fay, and Xianming Shi. 2009. Cost benefits of weather information for winter road maintenance. Montana State University, Western Transportation Institute. Bozeman, MT.