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| Image:Pollutants image map.png|500px|thumb|alt=imagemap for stormwater BMPs|'''Pollutants in stormwater runoff'''. Mouse hover over an '''i''' box to read a description of the pollutant, or click on an '''i''' box to go to a page on the pollutant. | | Image:Pollutants image map.png|500px|thumb|alt=imagemap for stormwater BMPs|'''Pollutants in stormwater runoff'''. Mouse hover over an '''i''' box to read a description of the pollutant, or click on an '''i''' box to go to a page on the pollutant. |
− | circle 30 125 30 [[Total Suspended Solids (TSS)|Infiltration basins, infiltration trenches, dry wells, and underground infiltration systems capture and temporarily store stormwater before allowing it to infiltrate into the soil. As the stormwater penetrates the underlying soil, chemical, biological and physical processes remove pollutants and delay peak stormwater flows.]] | + | circle 100 500 30 [[Total Suspended Solids (TSS)|Total suspended solids, or sediment, originate from many sources including the erosion of pervious surfaces and dust, litter and other particles deposited on impervious surfaces from human activities and the atmosphere. Erosion at construction sites are also major sources of solids. Solids contribute to many water quality, habitat and aesthetic problems in urban waterways. Elevated levels of solids increase turbidity, reduce the penetration of light at depth within the water column, and limit the growth of desirable aquatic plants. Solids that settle out as bottom deposits contribute to sedimentation and can alter and eventually destroy habitat for fish and bottom-dwelling organisms. Solids also provide a medium for the accumulation, transport and storage of other pollutants including nutrients and metals.]] |
− | circle 270 125 30 [[Chemicals of emerging concern in stormwater|Bioretention (rain garden) is a terrestrial-based (up-land as opposed to wetland) water quality and water quantity control process. Bioretention employs a simplistic, site-integrated design that provides opportunity for runoff infiltration, filtration, storage, and water uptake by vegetation.]] | + | circle 1800 500 100 [[Chemicals of emerging concern in stormwater|Chemicals of emerging concern]] |
− | circle 600 125 30 [[Temperature in stormwater|Tree trenches and tree boxes (collectively called tree BMP(s)), the most commonly implemented tree BMPs, can be incorporated anywhere in the stormwater treatment train but are most often located in upland areas of the treatment train. The strategic distribution of tree BMPs help control runoff close to the source where it is generated. Tree BMPs can mimic certain physical, chemical, and biological processes that occur in the natural environment.]] | + | circle 2800 500 100 [[Temperature in stormwater|Temperature]] |
− | circle 690 150 30 [[Organics in stormwater|Permeable pavements allow stormwater runoff to filter through surface voids into an underlying stone reservoir for temporary storage and/or infiltration. The most commonly used permeable pavement surfaces are pervious concrete, porous asphalt, and permeable interlocking concrete pavers (PICP). Permeable pavements have been used for areas with light traffic at commercial and residential sites to replace traditional impervious surfaces in low-speed roads, alleys, parking lots, driveways, sidewalks, plazas, and patios.]] | + | circle 3800 500 100 [[Organics in stormwater|Organics]] |
− | circle 30 325 30 [[Phosphorus|Dry swales, sometimes called grass swales, are similar to bioretention cells but are configured as shallow, linear channels. They typically have vegetative cover such as turf or native perennial grasses. Dry swales may be constructed as filtration or infiltration practices, depending on soils. If soils are highly permeable (A or B soils), runoff infiltrates into underlying soils. In less permeable soils, runoff is treated by engineered soil media and flows into an underdrain, which conveys treated runoff back to the conveyance system further downstream. Check dams incorporated into the swale design allow water to pool up and infiltrate into the underlying soil or engineered media, thus increasing the volume of water treated.]] | + | circle 100 1000 100 [[Phosphorus|Phosphorus is a common constituent in urban stormwater. Sources include vegetative material (e.g. leaves), sediment from lawns, animal waste, fertilizers, road salt, lawn irrigation water, and other organic wastes. It is an essential element for plant life, but when there is too much of it in water, it can speed up eutrophication (a reduction in dissolved oxygen in water bodies caused by an increase of mineral and organic nutrients) of rivers and lakes.]] |
− | circle 270 325 30 [[Nitrogen in stormwater|Wet swales occur when the water table is located very close to the surface or water does not readily drain out of the swale. A wet swale acts as a very long and linear shallow biofiltration or linear wetland treatment system. Wet swales do not provide volume reduction and have limited treatment capability. Incorporation of check dams into the design allows treatment of a portion or all of the water quality volume within a series of cells created by the check dams. Wet swales planted with emergent wetland plant species provide improved pollutant removal. Wet swales may be used as pretreatment practices. Wet swales are commonly used for drainage areas less than 5 acres in size.]] | + | circle 1100 1000 100 [[Nitrogen in stormwater|Nitrogen]] |
− | circle 600 325 30 [[Trash in stormwater|Stormwater step pools address higher energy flows due to more dramatic slopes than dry or wet swales. Using a series of pools, riffle grade control, native vegetation and a sand seepage filter bed, flow velocities are reduced, treated, and, where applicable, infiltrated. The physical characteristics of the stormwater step pools are similar to Rosgen A or B stream classification types, where “bedform occurs as a step/pool, cascading channel which often stores large amounts of sediment in the pools associated with debris dams”. Stormwater step pools are designed with a wide variety of native plant species depending on the hydraulic conditions and expected post-flow soil moisture at any given point within the stormwater step pool.]] | + | circle 2850 1000 100 [[Trash in stormwater|Trash]] |
− | circle 1130 325 30 [[Metals in stormwater|Sand (media) filters have widespread applicability and are suitable for all land uses, as long as the contributing drainage areas are limited (e.g., typically less than 5 acres). Sand filters are not as aesthetically appealing as bioretention, which makes them more appropriate for commercial or light industrial land uses or in locations that will not receive significant public exposure. Sand filters are particularly well suited for sites with high percentages of impervious cover (e.g., greater than 50 percent). Sand filters can be installed underground to prevent the consumption of valuable land space (often an important retrofit or redevelopment consideration).]] | + | circle 100 1600 100 [[Metals in stormwater|Metals]] |
− | circle 170 525 30 [[Chloride in stormwater|Stormwater ponds are typically installed as an end-of-pipe BMP at the downstream end of the treatment train. Stormwater pond size and outflow regulation requirements can be significantly reduced with the use of additional upstream BMPs. However, due to their size and versatility, stormwater ponds are often the only management practice employed at a site and therefore must be designed to provide adequate water quality and water quantity treatment for all regulated storms.]] | + | circle 2150 1600 100 [[Chloride in stormwater|Chloride]] |
| + | circle 3800 1600 100[[Bacteria|Bacteria and pathogens]] |
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Stormwater Best Management Practices. Mouse hover over an
i box to read a description of the practice, or click on an
i box to go to a page on the practice.
Pollutants in stormwater runoff. Mouse hover over an
i box to read a description of the pollutant, or click on an
i box to go to a page on the pollutant.
Welcome to the Minnesota Stormwater Manual Table of Contents. The format for this page has changed. If you would like to access the Table of Contents or Main page as they previously existed, use the following links.
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Below are the nine Level 1 Categories, associated Level 2 categories (subcategories), and links to each of them.
- Acknowledgements
- Best management practices
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- Case studies and examples
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- General information
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- Pollutants
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- Chloride
- Emerging contaminants
- Metals
- Nitrogen
- Phosphorus
- Organics and oxygen demand
- Sediment
- Trash
- Temperature
- Regulatory
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- Technical information
- Cold climate
- Infiltration
- Receiving waters
- Soils and media
- Vegetation