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{{alert|This site was recently updated and is undergoing development. Anticipated completion date is July, 2015.|alert-under-construction}} | {{alert|This site was recently updated and is undergoing development. Anticipated completion date is July, 2015.|alert-under-construction}} | ||
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==Groundwater== | ==Groundwater== | ||
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− | *Heavy metals | + | ===Potential risk to groundwater=== |
+ | *[http://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/Pollutant_fate_and_transport_in_stormwater_infiltration_systems#Metals_in_stormwater Heavy metals] | ||
**Heavy metals are typically present at low levels in urban stormwater and are generally retained in the upper soil layers via adsorption to solid particles. | **Heavy metals are typically present at low levels in urban stormwater and are generally retained in the upper soil layers via adsorption to solid particles. | ||
**Eventual breakthrough can occur due to the finite sorption capacities of the soil media. | **Eventual breakthrough can occur due to the finite sorption capacities of the soil media. | ||
**Periodic replacement of the upper soil layer within infiltration systems will maintain low soil concentrations and decrease the potential for contaminating groundwater. | **Periodic replacement of the upper soil layer within infiltration systems will maintain low soil concentrations and decrease the potential for contaminating groundwater. | ||
− | *Organic compounds | + | *Organic compounds ([http://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/Pollutant_fate_and_transport_in_stormwater_infiltration_systems#Pesticides_in_stormwater Pesticides]; [http://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/Pollutant_fate_and_transport_in_stormwater_infiltration_systems#Polycyclic_Aromatic_Hydrocarbons_.28PAHs.29_in_stormwater PAHs]; [http://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/Pollutant_fate_and_transport_in_stormwater_infiltration_systems#Volatile_Organic_Compounds_.28VOCs.29_in_stormwater VOCs]) |
**Because of the diversity of organic compounds, it is difficult to generalize, but typically these are at low concentration in stormwater runoff. | **Because of the diversity of organic compounds, it is difficult to generalize, but typically these are at low concentration in stormwater runoff. | ||
**Many compounds are attenuated within the infiltration media, where they may be degraded or immobilized. | **Many compounds are attenuated within the infiltration media, where they may be degraded or immobilized. | ||
**BMPs with little or no organic material, particularly underground practices, may present some risk if concentrations of organic chemicals are elevated in stormwater runoff. | **BMPs with little or no organic material, particularly underground practices, may present some risk if concentrations of organic chemicals are elevated in stormwater runoff. | ||
− | *Nitrate | + | *[http://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/Pollutant_fate_and_transport_in_stormwater_infiltration_systems#Nitrogen_in_stormwater Nitrate] |
**Although nitrate is poorly attenuated in most infiltration BMPs, concentrations in stormwater are generally low, resulting in low risk to groundwater. | **Although nitrate is poorly attenuated in most infiltration BMPs, concentrations in stormwater are generally low, resulting in low risk to groundwater. | ||
*Phosphorus | *Phosphorus | ||
**Phosphorus is strongly attracted to solid particles and the resulting risk to groundwater is low. | **Phosphorus is strongly attracted to solid particles and the resulting risk to groundwater is low. | ||
− | *Chloride | + | *[http://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/Pollutant_fate_and_transport_in_stormwater_infiltration_systems#Chloride_in_stormwater Chloride] |
**Chloride is not attenuated within infiltration systems | **Chloride is not attenuated within infiltration systems | ||
**Chloride may present a concern for groundwater where concentrations are high in stormwater runoff. This occurs in areas where application of choride-based deicers if high, such as major transportation and high density commercial areas. | **Chloride may present a concern for groundwater where concentrations are high in stormwater runoff. This occurs in areas where application of choride-based deicers if high, such as major transportation and high density commercial areas. | ||
− | *Pathogens | + | *[http://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/Pollutant_fate_and_transport_in_stormwater_infiltration_systems#Pathogens_in_stormwater Pathogens] |
**Concentrations of pathogens in stormwater runoff are often high | **Concentrations of pathogens in stormwater runoff are often high | ||
**There is limited information on fate and transport of pathogens through infiltration systems | **There is limited information on fate and transport of pathogens through infiltration systems | ||
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Proposed Evaluation Methodology for Predicting Groundwater Contamination Potential from Stormwater Infiltration Activities], presents a 3 step process for predicting groundwater contamination potential. | Proposed Evaluation Methodology for Predicting Groundwater Contamination Potential from Stormwater Infiltration Activities], presents a 3 step process for predicting groundwater contamination potential. | ||
*Environmental Protection Agency. [http://water.epa.gov/infrastructure/greeninfrastructure/gi_gwimpacts.cfm Groundwater Impacts]. This webpage provides a list of 24 articles, most published in peer-review journals, with links, that address the topic of stormwater infiltration and groundwater quality. | *Environmental Protection Agency. [http://water.epa.gov/infrastructure/greeninfrastructure/gi_gwimpacts.cfm Groundwater Impacts]. This webpage provides a list of 24 articles, most published in peer-review journals, with links, that address the topic of stormwater infiltration and groundwater quality. | ||
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==Related pages== | ==Related pages== | ||
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*[[Decision tools for stormwater infiltration|Decision tools]] | *[[Decision tools for stormwater infiltration|Decision tools]] | ||
*[[Stormwater infiltration research needs|Research needs]] | *[[Stormwater infiltration research needs|Research needs]] | ||
− | *[[References for stormwater infiltration]] | + | *[[References for stormwater infiltration]] |
<noinclude> | <noinclude> | ||
[[Category:Infiltration]] | [[Category:Infiltration]] | ||
</noinclude> | </noinclude> |
This page provides information on surface water and groundwater impacts associated with infiltration of stormwater runoff.
Proposed Evaluation Methodology for Predicting Groundwater Contamination Potential from Stormwater Infiltration Activities], presents a 3 step process for predicting groundwater contamination potential.