Difference between revisions of "Table summarizing of properties of deicing agents"
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| − | + | <font size=3>'''Table summarizing of properties of deicing agents. Adapted from [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=References_for_Smart_Salting_%28S2%29_and_road_salt_winter_maintenance Local Road Research Board, 2012], [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=References_for_Smart_Salting_%28S2%29_and_road_salt_winter_maintenance Ketcham et al., 1996] and [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=References_for_Smart_Salting_%28S2%29_and_road_salt_winter_maintenance Levelton Consultants Ltd., 2008].'''</font size><br> | |
| − | + | Link to this [[Table summarizing of properties of deicing agents|table]] | |
| − | Link to this [[Table summarizing of properties of deicing agents|table]] | ||
<table class="sortable"> | <table class="sortable"> | ||
| Line 7: | Line 6: | ||
<th rowspan=2>Category</th> | <th rowspan=2>Category</th> | ||
<th rowspan=2>Type</th> | <th rowspan=2>Type</th> | ||
| − | <th rowspan=2>Lowest Practical Melting Temperature | + | <th rowspan=2>Lowest Practical Melting Pavement Temperature</th> |
| − | <th colspan= | + | <th colspan=3>Potential for corrosion impairment<sup>3</sup></th> |
| − | <th colspan= | + | <th colspan=4>Environmental Impact</th> |
</tr> | </tr> | ||
| − | |||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<th>Atmospheric Corrosion to Metals</th> | <th>Atmospheric Corrosion to Metals</th> | ||
<th>Concrete Matrix</th> | <th>Concrete Matrix</th> | ||
<th>Concrete Reinforcing</th> | <th>Concrete Reinforcing</th> | ||
| − | <th>Water Quality/Aquatic | + | <th>Water Quality/Aquatic Life</th> |
<th>Air Quality</th> | <th>Air Quality</th> | ||
<th>Soils</th> | <th>Soils</th> | ||
<th>Vegetation</th> | <th>Vegetation</th> | ||
| − | |||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td rowspan=3>Chloride Based Deicers</td> | <td rowspan=3>Chloride Based Deicers</td> | ||
| Line 36: | Line 31: | ||
<td>High: Spray causes foliage damage; osmotic stress harms roots, chloride toxicosis</td> | <td>High: Spray causes foliage damage; osmotic stress harms roots, chloride toxicosis</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>Calcium Chloride</td> | <td>Calcium Chloride</td> | ||
| Line 49: | Line 42: | ||
<td>High: Spray causes foliage damage; osmotic stress harms roots, chloride toxicosis</td> | <td>High: Spray causes foliage damage; osmotic stress harms roots, chloride toxicosis</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>Magnesium Chloride</td> | <td>Magnesium Chloride</td> | ||
<td>-10°F</td> | <td>-10°F</td> | ||
<td>High; Will initiate and accelerate corrosion; higher potential for corrosion related to hydroscopic properties</td> | <td>High; Will initiate and accelerate corrosion; higher potential for corrosion related to hydroscopic properties</td> | ||
| − | <td>Moderate/high: Will exacerbate scaling; risk of | + | <td>Moderate/high: Will exacerbate scaling; risk of paste deterioration from magnesium </td> |
<td>High: Will initiate corrosion of rebar, evidence suggest MgCl2 has the highest potential for corrosion of chloride produces</td> | <td>High: Will initiate corrosion of rebar, evidence suggest MgCl2 has the highest potential for corrosion of chloride produces</td> | ||
<td>Moderate: Excessive chloride loading; heavy metal contamination</td> | <td>Moderate: Excessive chloride loading; heavy metal contamination</td> | ||
| Line 62: | Line 53: | ||
<td>High: Spray causes foliage damage; osmotic stress harms roots, chloride toxicosis</td> | <td>High: Spray causes foliage damage; osmotic stress harms roots, chloride toxicosis</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td rowspan=3>Acetate Based Deicers</td> | <td rowspan=3>Acetate Based Deicers</td> | ||
<td>Calcium Magnesium Acetate</td> | <td>Calcium Magnesium Acetate</td> | ||
| − | <td>20°F</td> | + | <td>20°F [https://www.cryotech.com/snow-and-ice-control-chemicals-for-airports-operations]</td> |
<td>Low/moderate; Potential to initiate and accelerate corrosion due to elevated conductivity</td> | <td>Low/moderate; Potential to initiate and accelerate corrosion due to elevated conductivity</td> | ||
<td>Moderate/high: Will exacerbate scaling; risk of pate deterioration from magnesium reactions</td> | <td>Moderate/high: Will exacerbate scaling; risk of pate deterioration from magnesium reactions</td> | ||
| Line 76: | Line 65: | ||
<td>Low: Little or no adverse effect; osmotic stress at high levels</td> | <td>Low: Little or no adverse effect; osmotic stress at high levels</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>Potassium Acetate</td> | <td>Potassium Acetate</td> | ||
| − | <td>- | + | <td>-26°F [https://www.cryotech.com/snow-and-ice-control-chemicals-for-airports-operations]</td> |
<td>Low/moderate; Potential to initiate and accelerate corrosion due to elevated conductivity</td> | <td>Low/moderate; Potential to initiate and accelerate corrosion due to elevated conductivity</td> | ||
| − | <td> | + | <td>[https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%29MT.1943-5533.0001754]</td> |
| − | <td>Low; probably little or no effect</td> | + | <td>Low; probably little or no effect [https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%29MT.1943-5533.0001754]</td> |
<td>High: Organic content leading to oxygen demand</td> | <td>High: Organic content leading to oxygen demand</td> | ||
<td>Low: Leads to reduced abrasives use</td> | <td>Low: Leads to reduced abrasives use</td> | ||
| − | <td> | + | <td></td> |
| − | <td> | + | <td></td> |
| − | |||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
| − | |||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>Sodium Acetate</td> | <td>Sodium Acetate</td> | ||
| − | <td>- | + | <td>0°F [https://www.cryotech.com/snow-and-ice-control-chemicals-for-airports-operations]</td> |
| − | + | <td></td> | |
| − | <td> | + | <td></td> |
| − | <td> | + | <td></td> |
| − | <td> | + | <td>Relative aquatic toxicity: high</td> |
| − | <td> | + | <td></td> |
| − | <td> | + | <td></td> |
| − | <td> | + | <td></td> |
| − | <td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td rowspan=3>Carbohydrates</td> | <td rowspan=3>Carbohydrates</td> | ||
| Line 117: | Line 99: | ||
<td>Low: Probably little or no effect</td> | <td>Low: Probably little or no effect</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>Molasses</td> | <td>Molasses</td> | ||
<td>NA</td> | <td>NA</td> | ||
| − | <td> | + | <td></td> |
| − | <td> | + | <td></td> |
| − | <td> | + | <td></td> |
| − | <td> | + | <td></td> |
| − | <td> | + | <td></td> |
| − | <td> | + | <td></td> |
| − | <td> | + | <td></td> |
</tr> | </tr> | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>Corn Syrup</td> | <td>Corn Syrup</td> | ||
<td>NA</td> | <td>NA</td> | ||
| − | <td> | + | <td></td> |
| − | <td> | + | <td></td> |
| − | <td> | + | <td></td> |
| − | <td> | + | <td></td> |
| − | <td> | + | <td></td> |
| − | <td> | + | <td></td> |
| − | <td> | + | <td></td> |
</tr> | </tr> | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
</table> | </table> | ||
| + | <!-- | ||
| + | <font size=1><sup>1</sup>For information on aquatic toxicity, see [http://clearroads.org/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/11-02_Determine-the-Toxicity-of-Deicing-Materials_Final-Report_12-30-2013.pdf Determining the Aquatic Toxicity of Deicing Materials] (Barr Engineering, 2013)</font size>--> | ||
| − | + | <noinclude> | |
| − | + | [[Category:Level 3 - General information, reference, tables, images, and archives/Tables/Chloride, salt management]] | |
| − | + | </noinclude> | |
| − | |||
| − | [[ | ||
Latest revision as of 15:50, 4 August 2022
Table summarizing of properties of deicing agents. Adapted from Local Road Research Board, 2012, Ketcham et al., 1996 and Levelton Consultants Ltd., 2008.
Link to this table
| Category | Type | Lowest Practical Melting Pavement Temperature | Potential for corrosion impairment3 | Environmental Impact | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atmospheric Corrosion to Metals | Concrete Matrix | Concrete Reinforcing | Water Quality/Aquatic Life | Air Quality | Soils | Vegetation | |||
| Chloride Based Deicers | Sodium Chloride | 15°F | High; will initiate and accelerate corrosion | Low/moderate; Will exacerbate scaling; low risk of paste attack | High: Will initiate corrosion of rebar | Moderate: Excessive chloride loading/metals contaminants; ferrocyanide additives | Low: Leads to reduced abrasives use | Moderate/High: Sodium accumulation breaks down soil structure and decreases permeability and soil stability; potential for metals to mobilize | High: Spray causes foliage damage; osmotic stress harms roots, chloride toxicosis |
| Calcium Chloride | -20°F | High; Will initiate and accelerate corrosion; higher potential for corrosion related to hydroscopic properties | Low/moderate; Will exacerbate scaling; low risk of paste attack | High: Will initiate corrosion of rebar | Moderate: Excessive chloride loading; heavy metal contamination | Low: Leads to reduced abrasives use | Low/Moderate: Improves soil structure; increases permeability; potential for metals to mobilize | High: Spray causes foliage damage; osmotic stress harms roots, chloride toxicosis | |
| Magnesium Chloride | -10°F | High; Will initiate and accelerate corrosion; higher potential for corrosion related to hydroscopic properties | Moderate/high: Will exacerbate scaling; risk of paste deterioration from magnesium | High: Will initiate corrosion of rebar, evidence suggest MgCl2 has the highest potential for corrosion of chloride produces | Moderate: Excessive chloride loading; heavy metal contamination | Low: Leads to reduced abrasives | Low/Moderate: Improves soil structure; increases permeability; potential for metals to mobilize | High: Spray causes foliage damage; osmotic stress harms roots, chloride toxicosis | |
| Acetate Based Deicers | Calcium Magnesium Acetate | 20°F [1] | Low/moderate; Potential to initiate and accelerate corrosion due to elevated conductivity | Moderate/high: Will exacerbate scaling; risk of pate deterioration from magnesium reactions | Low; probably little or no effect | High: Organic content leading to oxygen demand | Low: Leads to reduced abrasives use | Low/Moderate: Improves soil structure; increases permeability; potential for metals to mobilize | Low: Little or no adverse effect; osmotic stress at high levels |
| Potassium Acetate | -26°F [2] | Low/moderate; Potential to initiate and accelerate corrosion due to elevated conductivity | [3] | Low; probably little or no effect [4] | High: Organic content leading to oxygen demand | Low: Leads to reduced abrasives use | |||
| Sodium Acetate | 0°F [5] | Relative aquatic toxicity: high | |||||||
| Carbohydrates | Beet Juice | NA | Low; Potential to initiate and accelerate corrosion due to elevated conductivity clams of mitigation of corrosion require further evaluation | Low; Probably little or no effect | Low; Probably little or no effect; claims of mitigation of corrosion require further evaluation | High Organic matter leading to oxygen demand; nutrient enrichment by phosphorus and nitrogen; heavy metals | Low: Leads to reduced abrasive use | Low: Probably little or no effect; limited information available | Low: Probably little or no effect |
| Molasses | NA | ||||||||
| Corn Syrup | NA | ||||||||
This page was last edited on 4 August 2022, at 15:50.