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Minnesota Stormwater Manual

Stormwater references
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References for bioretention

References for dry swale (grass swale)

  • Brown, R.A. and Hunt, W.F. 2010. Impacts of construction activity on bioretention performance. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering. 15(6):386-394.
  • Erickson, A.J., P.T. Weiss, and J.S. Gulliver. 2013. Optimizing Stormwater Treatment Practices: A Handbook of Assessment and Maintenance. Springer Publishing, New York, NY, USA.
  • Gulliver, J.S., A.J. Erickson, and P.T. Weiss (editors). 2010. Stormwater Treatment: Assessment and Maintenance. University of Minnesota, St. Anthony Falls Laboratory. Minneapolis, MN.
  • Hatt, B.E., Steinel, A., Deletic, A., and Fletcher, T.D. 2011. Retention of heavy metals by stormwater filtration systems: Breakthrough analysis. Water, Science, and Technology. 64(9):1913-1919.
  • Hunt, W.F., Jarrett, A.R., Smith, J.T., and Sharkey, L.J. 2006. Evaluating bioretention hydrology and nutrient removal at three field sites in North Carolina. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering. 132(6):600-608.
  • Lefevre, G.H., P.J. Novak, R.M. Hozalski. 2012. Fate of naphthalene in laboratory-scale bioretention cells: implications for sustainable stormwater management. Environmental Science and Technology 46(2):995-1002.
  • Li, H. and Davis, A.P. 2008. Heavy metal capture and accumulation in bioretention media. Environmental Science & Technology. 42:5247-5253.
  • Morgan, J.G., K.A. Paus, R.M. Hozalski and J.S. Gulliver. 2011. Sorption and Release of Dissolved Pollutants Via Bioretention Media. SAFL Project Report No. 559. September 2011.
  • North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources. 2009. NCDENR Stormwater BMP Manual – Section 14, Grassed Swale.
  • O’Neill, S.W. and Davis, A.P. 2012. Water treatment residual as a bioretention amendment for phosphorus. I: Evaluation studies. Journal of Environmental Engineering. 138(3), 318-327.
  • Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation (VA DCR). 2011. Virginia DCR Stormwater Design Specification No. 3 – Grass Channels. Version 1.8, March 1, 2011. Division of Soil and Water Conservation. Richmond, VA.
  • Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation (VA DCR). 2011. Virginia DCR Stormwater Design Specification No. 10 – Dry Swales. Version 1.9, March 1, 2011. Division of Soil and Water Conservation. Richmond, VA.

References for green roofs

  • ASTM. 2005. Method E2399-5, Standard Test Method for Maximum Media Density for Dead Load Analysis of Green Roof Systems. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
  • Bengtsson, L., L. Grahn, and J. Olsson. 2005. Hydrological function of a thin extensive green roof in southern Sweden. Nordic Hydrol. 36 (3), 259–268.
  • Berghage, R. Penn State Center for Green Roof Research. Green Roof Media Nutrient Testing, Nutrient Management, and Runoff Water Quality. Presentation to NASA Workshop.
  • Berghage, R.D., D.Beattie, A. R. Jarrett, C. Thuring, F. Razaei, and T. P. O’Connor. 2009. Green Roofs for Stormwater Runoff Control. National Risk Management Research Laboratory Office Of Research And Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH 45268. EPA/600/R-09/026.
  • Berghage, R. D., and A. R. Jarrett. 2007. Quantifying Evaporation and Transpirational Water Losses from Green Roofs and Green Roof Media Capacity for Neutralizing Acid Rain. National Decentralized Water Resources Capacity Development Project, Penn State University.
  • Berghage, R., C. Miller, B. Bass, D. Moseley, and K. Weeks. 2010. Stormwater Runoff from a Large Commercial Roof in Chicago. Proceedings Cities Alive Conference. Vancouver, Canada. Nov 30-Dec 3.
  • Berndtsson, J. C. 2010. Green roof performance towards management of runoff water quantity and quality: A review. Ecological Engineering, 36, 351-360.
  • Butler, C., and C.M. Orians. 2011. Sedum cools soil and can improve neighboring plant performance during water deficit on a green roof. Ecological Engineering,37(11): 1796–1803.
  • Cantor, S. L. 2008. Green Roofs in Sustainable Landscape Design. W.W.Norton, NY.
  • Carpenter, D.D., Kaluvakolanu, P. 2011. Effect of roof surface type on stormwater run-off from full-scale roofs in a temperate climate. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 137:161-169.
  • Carter, Timothy, and Andrew Keeler. 2008. Life-Cycle cost–benefit Analysis of Extensive Vegetated Roof Systems. Journal of environmental management 87:350-363.
  • Carter, T., Rasmussen, T. 2006. Hydrological behavior of vegetated roofs. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 42, 1261-1274.
  • Compton, J. S., and T. H. Whitlow. 2006. A Zero Discharge Green Roof System and Species Selection to Optimize Evapotranspiration and Water Retention. Greening Rooftops for Sustainable Communities, Boston, MA, May 11-12, 2006.
  • David Evans and Associates, Inc. and ECONorthwest. 2008. Cost Benefit Evaluation Of Ecoroofs. Prepared for: City of Portland Bureau of Environmental Services Sustainable Stormwater Group.
  • Durhman, A.K. D. B. Rowe, and C. L. Rugh. 2007. Effect of Substrate Depth on Initial Growth, Coverage, and Survival of 25 Succulent Green Roof Plant Taxa. HORTSCIENCE 42(3):588–595. 2007.
  • Durhman, A.K., D.B. Rowe, and C.L. Rugh. 2006. Effect of watering regimen on chlorophyll fluorescence and growth of selected green roof plant taxa. HortScience 41:1623–1628.
  • Dvorak, B, and K. Carroll. 2008. Chicago City Hall Green Roof: Its Evolving Form and Care. Greening Rooftops for Sustainable Communities Conference Proceedings, Baltimore, MD.
  • Dvorak, B., and A. Volder. 2010. Green Roof Vegetation for North American Ecoregions: A Literature Review. Landscape and Urban Planning 96: 197-213.
  • Fassman, E. and Simcock, R. 2012. Moisture Measurements as Performance Criteria for Extensive Living Roof Substrates. J. Environ. Eng., 138(8), 841–851. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000532
  • Forschungsgesellschaft Landschaftsentwicklung Landschaftsbau e.V. (FLL) Richlinien für die Planung, Ausführung and Plege von Dachbegrünung (Guideline for the Planning, Execution and Upkeep of Green-Roof Sites: developed by the German Research Society for Landscape Development and Landscape Design)
  • Getter, K.L.; Rowe, D.B. 2008. Selecting Plants for Extensive Green Roofs in the United States. Michigan State University Extension Bulletin E-3047.
  • Getter, K.L., Rowe, D.B., Andresen, J.A., 2007. Quantifying the effect of slope on extensive green roof stormwater retention. Ecological Engineering, 31, 225-231.
  • Green Roofs for Healthy Cities and The Cardinal Group. 2006. Green Roof Design 101: Introductory Course. Second Edition Participant’s Manual.
  • Green Roofs for Healthy Cities. No publication year given. Green Roof Infrastructure: Design and Installation 201.
  • Green Roofs for Healthy Cities (GRHC). 2005. Green Roof Design 101 Introductory Course Participant Manual. Green Roofs for Healthy Cities and the Cardinal Group Inc.
  • Lundholm J, J.S. MacIvor, Z. MacDougall, and M. Ranalli. 2010. Plant Species and Functional Group Combinations Affect Green Roof Ecosystem Functions. PLoS ONE 5(3): e9677. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009677.
  • Magnuson Klemenic Associates. 2007. Technical Memorandum: Stormwater Control Potential for Seattle Green Roof Retrofits. Seattle Public Utilities Green Roof Retrofit Study.
  • Mandel, L.. 2013. EAT UP; The Inside Scoop on Rooftop Agriculture. New Society Publishers: Gabriola Island, BC, Canada.
  • Mentens, J., Raes, D. & Hermy, M. 2006. Green roofs as a tool for solving the rainwater runoff problem in the urbanized 21st century? Landscape and Urban Planning, 77, 217-226.
  • Miller, C. 2003. Moisture management in green roofs. In: Proc. of 1st North American Green Roof Conference: Greening Rooftops for Sustainable Communities. The Cardinal Group. Toronto, Chicago, IL, 29–30 May 2003. p. 177–182.
  • Miller, C., K. Weeks, B. Bass, R. Berghage, and S. Berg. 2010. Stormwater Policy As A Green Roof (Dis)Incentive For Retail Developers. Cities Alive 8th Annual Green roof &Wall Conference, Vancouver, November 30-December 03, 2010.
  • Monterusso, M.A., D.B. Rowe, and C.L. Rugh. 2005. Establishment and persistence of Sedum spp. and native taxa for green roof applications. HortScience 40:391–396.
  • Moran, A., B. Hunt, and J. Smith. 2005. Hydrologic and water quality performance from green roofs in Goldsboro and Raleigh, North Carolina, p. 512-525. In Proc. of 3rd North American Green Roof Conference: Greening rooftops for Sustainable Communities. Washington, DC. 4-6 May 2005. The Cardinal Group, Toronto.
  • National Institute of Building Sciences. Whole Building Design Guide.
  • Peck, S.W. and M.E. Kuhn, 2002. Design Guidelines for Green Roofs. Report prepared for the Ontario Association of Architects and the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, Toronto, Ontario.
  • Porsche, U. and M. Kohler. 2003. Life Cycle Costs of Green Roofs: A Comparison of Germany, USA, and Brazil. Presented at the World Climate and Energy Event. December 1-5, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  • Rezaei, F., A.R. Jarrett, R.D. Berghage, and D.J. Beattie. 2005. Evapotranspiration Rates from Extensive Green Roof Plant Species. ASAE Meeting Presentation Paper Number 052150. Written for presentation at the 2005 ASAE Annual International Meeting Sponsored by ASAE, Tampa Convention Center. Tampa, FL 17-20 July 2005.
  • Rowe, B.D. 2011. Green roofs as a means of pollution abatement. Environmental Pollution 159: 2100-2110.
  • Rowe, D.B., C.L. Rugh, N. VanWoert, M.A. Monterusso, and D.K. Russell. 2003. Green roof slope, substrate depth, and begetation influence runoff. p. 354-362 In Proc. Of 1st North American Green Roof Conferences: Greening rooftops for Sustainable Communities, Chicago. 29-30 May 2003. The Cardinal Group, Toronto.
  • Rowe, D. Bradley, Kristin L. Getter, and Angela K. Durhman. 2012. Effect of green roof media depth on Crassulacean plant succession over seven years. Landscape and Urban Planning (Elsevier) 104: 310-319.
  • Rowe, D.B., C.L. Rugh, and A.K. Durhman. 2006. Assessment of substrate depth and composition on green roof plant performance. Proc. of 4th North American Green Roof Conference: Greening Rooftops for Sustainable Communities. Boston, Mass. 10–12 May 2006. The Cardinal Group, Toronto.
  • Saiz, S., et al. 2006. Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Standard and Green Roofs. Environmental Science and Technology 40: 4312-4316.
  • Simmons, M.T., B. Gardiner, S. Windhager, and J. Tinsley. 2008. Green roofs are not created equal: the hydrologic and thermal performance of six different extensive green roofs and reflective and non-reflective roofs in a sub-tropical climate. Urban Ecosyst. 11, 339–348.
  • Sinclair, T.R.; N.M. Holbrook, and M.A. Zwieniecki. 2005. Daily Transpiration Rates of Woody Species on Drying Soil. Tree Physiology 25: 1469-1472. Victoria Canada.
  • Snodgrass, E.C. and L.L. Snodgrass. 2006. Green Roof Plants: A Resource and Planting Guide. Timber Press. Portland, OR.
  • Sutton, R.K.; J.A. Harrington; L. Skabelund; P. MacDonagh; R. R. Coffman; and G. Koch. 2012. Prairie-Based Green Roofs: Literature, Templates, and Analogs. Journal of Green Building 7(1):143-172.
  • Sutton, R.; B. Rowe;G. Acomb; J. Lambrinos; P. MacDonagh; R. Hawke. 2012. New Plant Performance for 21st Century Green Roof Ecosystems. Cities Alive Conference, Chicago IL.
  • Taylor, B. L. and D. Gangnes. 2007. Technical Memorandum: Stormwater Control Potential for Seattle Green Roof Retrofits. Seattle Public Utilities Green Roof Retrofit Study.
  • Teemusk, A., and U. Mander. 2007. “Rainwater runoff quantity and quality performance from a greenroof: The effects of short-term events.” Ecol. Eng., 30(3), 271–277.
  • Toronto and Region Conservation. An Economic Analysis of Green Roofs: Evaluating the Costs and Savings to Building Owners in Toronto and Surrounding Regions. Sustainable Technologies Evaluation Program. July.
  • Torrance, S.; B. Bass, S. MacIvor and T. McGlade in conjunction with Toronto City Planning Division. No publication year given. City of Toronto Guidelines for Biodiverse Green Roofs].
  • Ulrich, R.S. 2002. Health Benefits of Gardens in Hospitals. Paper for Conference, Plants for People, International Exhibition Floriade.
  • Van Seters, T., L. Rocha, and G. MacMillan, G. Evaluation of the runoff quantity and quality performance of an extensive green roof in Toronto, Ontario. Proceedings of the Greening Rooftops for Sustainable Communities, Minneapolis, 2007.
  • VanWoert, N.D., D.B. Rowe, J.A. Andresen, C.L. Rugh, and L. Xiao. 2005. Watering regime and green roof substrate design affect Sedum plant growth. HortScience 40:659–664.
  • Villarreal, E. L. and L. Bengtsson (2005). Response of a sedum green-roof to individual rain events. Ecological Engineering 25(1): 1-7.
  • Voyde, E., E. Fassman, R. Simcock, and J. Wells. 2010. ”Quantifying Evapotranspiration Rates for New Zealand Green Roofs.” J. Hydrol. Eng. 15, SPECIAL ISSUE: Low Impact Development, Sustainability Science, and Hydrological Cycle, 395–403.
  • Whittinghill, L.J. and D.B. Rowe. 2012. The role of green roof technology in urban agriculture. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 27(4):314-322.
  • Whittinghill, L.J., D.B. Rowe, and B.M. Cregg. 2013. Evaluation of vegetable production on extensive green roofs. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems 37(4):465-484.
  • Whittinghill, L.J.; D.B. Rowe, 2011. Salt tolerance of common green roof and green wall plants. Urban Ecosystems 14(4):783-794.

References for high-gradient stormwater step-pool swale

  • Anne Arundel County. 2009. Design Guidelines for Step Pool Storm Conveyance. Anne Arundel County Government. Department of Public Works. Bureau of Engineering.
  • Anne Arundel County. Step Pool Conveyance Systems (SPCS) Design Calculator.
  • Brown, R.A. and Hunt, W.F. 2010. Impacts of construction activity on bioretention performance. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering. 15(6), 386-394.
  • Gulliver, J.S., A.J. Erickson, and P.T. Weiss (editors). 2010. Stormwater Treatment: Assessment and Maintenance. University of Minnesota, St. Anthony Falls Laboratory. Minneapolis, MN.
  • Hatt, B.E., Steinel, A., Deletic, A., and Fletcher, T.D. 2011. Retention of heavy metals by stormwater filtration systems: Breakthrough analysis. Water, Science, and Technology. 64(9), 1913-1919.
  • Hunt, W.F., Jarrett, A.R., Smith, J.T., and Sharkey, L.J. 2006. Evaluating bioretention hydrology and nutrient removal at three field sites in North Carolina. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering. 132(6), 600-608.
  • Lefevre, G.H., P.J. Novak, R.M. Hozalski. 2012. Fate of naphthalene in laboratory-scale bioretention cells: implications for sustainable stormwater management. Environmental Science and Technology 46(2):995-1002.
  • Li, H. and Davis, A.P. 2008. Heavy metal capture and accumulation in bioretention media. Environmental Science & Technology. 42, 5247-5253.
  • Morgan, J.G., K.A. Paus, R.M. Hozalski and J.S. Gulliver. (2011). Sorption and Release of Dissolved Pollutants Via Bioretention Media. SAFL Project Report No. 559, September 2011.
  • North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources. 2009. NCDENR Stormwater BMP Manual – Section 14, Grassed Swale.
  • O’Neill, S.W. and Davis, A.P. (2012). Water treatment residual as a bioretention amendment for phosphorus. I: Evaluation studies. Journal of Environmental Engineering. 138(3), 318-327.
  • Rosgen, D.. 1996. Applied River Morphology. Wildland Hydrology.
  • Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation (VA DCR). 2011. Virginia DCR Stormwater Design Specification No. 3 – Grass Channels. Version 1.8, March 1, 2011. Division of Soil and Water Conservation. Richmond, VA.
  • Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation (VA DCR). 2011. Virginia DCR Stormwater Design Specification No. 10 – Dry Swales. Version 1.9, March 1, 2011. Division of Soil and Water Conservation. Richmond, VA.
  • West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection. 2012. West Virginia Stormwater Management and Design Guidance Manual. Section 4.2.7: Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance System (RSC). November 2012.

References for infiltration

References for iron enhanced sand filter

  • Banchand, P.A. M., and A. Heyvaert. 2005. Adsorptive Media Investigations and Testing for Improved Performance of Stormwater Treatment Systems in the Tahoe Basin. Prepared for Placer County Department of Public Works, Auburn, CA, and California Tahoe Conservancy, South Lake Tahoe, CA. Prepared by Bachand and Associates, and U.C. David Tahoe Research Group.
  • Barr Engineering Company. 2010. Iron-enhanced sand filter monitoring – 2010. December 28, 2010 Report to the Ramsey-Washington Metro Watershed District.
  • Center for Watershed Protection & Chesapeake Stormwater Network (CWP & CSN). 2008. Technical Memorandum: The Runoff Reduction Method. April 18, 2008
  • City of Bellevue Utilities Department and Shapiro and Associates. 1999. Lakemont storm water treatment facility monitoring program. Final Report. City of Bellevue Utilities Department. 301 116th Avenue SE. Bellevue, WA 98009-9012.
  • Claytor, R.A., and T.R. Schueler. 1996. Design of stormwater filtering systems. Prepared by The Center for Watershed Protection. 8391 Main Street, Ellicott City, MD 21043. Prepared for Chesapeake Research Consortium. (410) 461-8323.
  • Erickson, A.J., Gulliver, J.S., and P.T. Weiss. 2012. Capturing phosphates with iron enhanced sand filtration. Water Research. Vol. 26, pp. 3032-3042.
  • Erickson, A.J. and J.S Gulliver. 2010. Performance Assessment of an Iron-Enhanced Sand Filtration Trench for Capturing Dissolved Phosphorus. Project Report No. 549, St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Prepared for the City of Prior Lake, Minnesota
  • Erickson, A.J., Gulliver, J.S., and P.T. Weiss. 2007. Enhanced sand filtration for storm water phosphorus removal. Journal of Environmental Engineering. pp. 485-497. May 2007.
  • MNDOT 2005. MnDOT Standard Specifications Book, Division III – Materials, Minnesota Department of Transportation, St. Paul, Minnesota.
  • Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA). 2008. Minnesota Stormwater Manual, Version 2.
  • Rawls, W. J., Gimenez, D., Grossman, R. 1998. Use of soil texture, bulk density, and slope of the water retention curve to predict saturated hydraulic conductivity. Transaction of the ASAE. Vol. 41(4): 983-988.

References for permeable pavement

References for pretreatment

  • Abu-Zreig, M., R. P. Rudra, H. R. Whiteley, M. N. Lalonde, and N. K. Kaushik. 2003. Phosphorus Removal in Vegetated Filter Strips. Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 613–619.
  • Abu-Zreig, M., R. P. Rudra, M. N. Lalonde, H. R. Whiteley, and N. K. Kaushik. 2004. Experimental Investigation of Runoff Reduction and Sediment Removal by Vegetated Filter Strips. Hydrological Processes, Vol. 18, No. 11, pp. 2029–2037.
  • Barrett, M. E., P. M. Walsh, J. F. Malina, R. J. Charbeneau. 1998. Performance of Vegetative Controls for Treating Highway Runoff. Journal of Environmental Engineering, Vol. 124, No. 11, pp. 1121–1128.
  • Blanco-Canqui, H., C. J. Gantzer, S. H. Anderson, and E. E. Alberts. 2004. Grass Barriers for Reduced Concentrated Flow Induced Soil and Nutrient Loss. Soil Science, Vol. 68, pp. 1963-1972.
  • California Environmental Protection Agency. 2014. Draft Amendments to Statewide Water Quality Control Plans to Control Trash. Prepared by the California Environmental Protection Agency, Division of Water Quality, State Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, CA.
  • California Department of Transportation. 2004. BMP Retrofit Pilot Program Final Report. CTSW-RT-01-050. Prepared by the California Department of Transportation CALTRANS, Division of Environmental Analysis, Sacramento, CA.
  • City of Madison. 2015. Leave the Leaf.
  • Coventry University. 1996. Laboratory Tests Conducted in the School of the Built Environment Coventry University, UK on X-CEPTOR CONCRETE BYPASS INTERCEPTOR Also Known As STORMCEPTOR in North America. Prepared by Coventry University. UK for CSR Humes (UK) Ltd. Pontyclun, Whales.
  • Contech Engineered Solutions. 2006. Vortechs® Technical Bulletin 5. Vortechs System Performance: Oil Removal Efficiency. Prepared by Contech Engineered Solutions, West Chester, OH.
  • Contech Engineered Solutions. 2006. Vortechs® Technical Bulletin 2. Particle Distribution of Sediments and the Effect on Heavy Metal Removal. Prepared by Contech Engineered Solutions, West Chester, OH.
  • Comprehensive Environmental Inc. and New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services. 2008. New Hampshire Stormwater Manual, Volume 2, Post-Construction Best Management Practices Selection & Design. Prepared by Comprehensive Environmental Inc. Merrimack, NH, and the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, Concord, NH.
  • District Department of the Environment (DDOE). 2013. Stormwater Management Guidebook.
  • District Department of Environment. 2013. Anacostia River Watershed Trash TMDL Implementation Strategy. Prepared by the District Department of Environment. Stormwater Management Division.
  • Goel, P.K., R.P. Rudra, B. Gharabaghi, S. Das, and N. Gupta. 2004. Pollutants Removal by Vegetated Filter Strips Planted with Different Grasses. 2004 American Society of Association Executives/Canadian Society for Engineering in Agricultural, Food, and Biological Systems. Paper Number 042177. Fairmont Chateau Laurier. The Westin, Government Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada. August 1–4.
  • Gharabaghi, B., R. P. Rudra, H. R. Whitely, and W. T. Dickinson. 2000. Sediment-Removal Efficiency of Vegetative Filter Strips. 2000 Annual Research Report. Prepared by the Guelph Turfgrass Institute, Guelph, ON, Canada.
  • Horsley Witten Group, University of New Hampshire Stormwater Center, and Loon Environmental. 2010. Rhode Island Stormwater Design and Installation Standards Manual. Prepared by Horsley Witten Group, Sandwich, MA; University of New Hampshire Stormwater Center, Durham, NH; and Loon Environmental, LLC, Riverside, RI; for the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, Providence, RI, and the Coastal Resources Management Council, Wakefield, RI.
  • Inver Grove Heights, 2006. Inver Grove Heights Stormwater Manual 2006. Prepared by Emmons & Olivier Resources, Inc. Oakdale, MN.
  • Kayhanian, M., Suverkropp, C., Ruby, A., and Tsay, K. 2007. Characterization and prediction of highway runoff constituent event mean concentration. J. Environ. Manage. 85, 279.
  • Maestre, A., and Pitt, R. 2005. The National Stormwater Quality Database, Version 1.1: A Compilation and Analysis of NPDES Stormwater Monitoring Information. University of Alabama. Center for Watershed Protection.
  • Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, 2008. Massachusetts Stormwater Handbook, Volume 2. Prepared by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, Boston, MA.
  • Maniquiz-Redillas, M. C., F. K. Geronimo, and L. H. Kim. 2014. Investigation on the Effectiveness of Pretreatment in Stormwater Management Technologies. Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 26, No. 9, pp. 1824–1830.
  • New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. 2014. Chapter 9.10 Standard for Vegetative Filters. New Jersey Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual. Prepared by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Watershed Management, Trenton, NJ.
  • New Jersey Corporation for Advanced Technology. 2015. NJCAT Technology Verification Program
  • Taylor, W. B., J. Marsalek, D. Doede, and C. He. 2003. Performance Evaluation of the EcoStorm Stormwater Treatment System as a Sediment Retention Device. Environment Canada, National Water Research Institute, Burlington/Saskatoon. AEM-TN03-005.
  • Taylor, G. D., T. D. Fletcher, T. H. Wong, P. F. Breen, and H. P. Duncan. 2005. Nitrogen Composition in Urban Runoff - Implications for Stormwater Management. Water Research, Vol. 39, No. 10, pp. 1982–1989.
  • Tahoe Regional Planning Agency. 2014. Best Management Practices Handbook. Prepared by the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, Stateline, NV.
  • United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2012. Los Angeles Area Lakes Total Maximum Daily Loads for Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Mercury, Trash, Organochlorine Pesticides and PCBs.
  • United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2014. Trash and Debris Management.
  • Virginia Department of Ecology. 1999. Virginia Stormwater Management Handbook, First Edition. Volumes 1 and 2. Prepared by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Soil and Water Conservation, Richmond, VA.
  • Virginia Department of Environmental Quality. 2011. Appendix D: Sediment Forebay. Version 1.0, Virginia Stormwater Design Specifications. Prepared by the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality Division of Water, Richmond, VA.
  • Washington Department of Ecology. 2015. Stormwater Treatment Technologies Approved through TAPE and CTAPE.
  • Wilson, M., O. M. Gulliver, and R. Hozalski. 2007. Performance Assessment of Underground Stormwater Treatment Devices. 2007-46. Prepared by the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, for the Minnesota Department of Transportation, St. Paul, MN.
  • Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 2014. Bioretention for Infiltration. Technical Note 1004.


References for stormwater and rainwater harvest and use/reuse

Because of the large number of references on the topic of harvest and use, this list of references correspond with the different sections of the harvest and use section of the manual.

Overview

Design process and sequencing

Design feasibility phase

Design phase storage siting

Design

Required Storage Capacity

  • Lawson,Sarah, Adrienne LaBranche-Tucker, Hans Otto Wack, Rick Hall, Benjamin Sojka, Ed Crawford, David Crawford, and Cabell Brand. 2009. Virginia Rainwater Harvesting Manual. 2nd Edition. Compiled by The Cabell Brand Center, Salem, VA. See Storage Tanks, Tank Sizing.
  • North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NC DEQ). April 2014. North Carolina Stormwater BMP Manual. Rainwater Harvesting. Draft document. See Section 25.4.8 – Section 25.4.11.
  • Department of Environment and Conservation, New South Wales. April 2006. Managing Urban Stormwater: Harvesting and Reuse. Sydney, Australia, ISBN 1 74137 875 3. See Section 6.3.1, Storage Volume.

Storage Unit

Collection System

Treatment System

  • Metropolitan Council. Fall 2011. Stormwater Reuse Guide. Prepared by Camp Dresser & McKee, Inc. and others. St. Paul, MN. See Toolbox R.4 and I.3 – Treatment
  • Despins, Christopher. September 2012. Guidelines for Residential Rainwater Harvesting Systems Handbook. Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC). ISBN 978-1-100-21183-1. See Chapter 3, Rainwater quality treatment; Table 3-2: Comparison of advantages and disadvantages associated with pre- and post-storage treatment; Table 3.3: Summary of post-storage treatment options (Ontario Guide); and Chapter 3-3: Select and install pre-storage treatment devices.
  • Georgia Department of Community Affairs (DCA). 2009. Georgia Rainwater Harvesting Guidelines. Atlanta, GA. See Section 4.4 and Section 5.3 – Section 5.4.
  • Lawson,Sarah, Adrienne LaBranche-Tucker, Hans Otto Wack, Rick Hall, Benjamin Sojka, Ed Crawford, David Crawford, and Cabell Brand. 2009. Virginia Rainwater Harvesting Manual. Compiled by The Cabell Brand Center, Salem, VA. See Design Guide, First flush diversion and pre-tank filtration - Design Guide, Additional treatment.
  • Macomber, Patricia S. 2010. Guidelines on Rainwater Catchment Systems for Hawaii. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. University of Hawaii at Manoa. ISBN 1-929325-23-1. See Chapter 4, Water Treatment.
  • North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NC DEQ). April 2014. North Carolina Stormwater BMP Manual. Chapter 25, Rainwater Harvesting. Draft document. See Section 25.4.16 and Section 25.4.22.
  • Texas Water Development Board. 2005. The Texas Manual on Rainwater Harvesting. 3rd Edition. Austin, TX. See Chapter 3, Water Quality and Treatment.
  • Despins, Christopher. 2010. Ontario Residential Rainwater Harvesting Guidelines. See Table 3.3: Summary of post-storage treatment options (Ontario Guide).

Distribution System

Makeup Water Supply System & Backflow Prevention

Operation and maintenance

Environmental concerns

Calculating credits

References for stormwater infiltration

A

B

  • Bean, E.Z., W.F. Hunt, D.A. Bidelspach, 2007b. Evaluation of Four Permeable Pavement Sites in Eastern North Carolina for Runoff Reduction and Water Quality Impacts. ASCE Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 133: No. 6: 583-592.
  • Bean, E.Z., W.F. Hunt, D.A. Bidelspach. 2007a. A Field Survey of Permeable Pavement Surface Infiltration Rates. ASCE Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 133: no. 3: 249-255.
  • Beard, P.J. 1940. Longevity of Eberthalla Typhosus in Various Soils. American Journal of Public Health and Nations Health. 1077-82.
  • Betts, Lynn. 1999. Runoff of Soil & Fertilizer. In Wikipedia, edited by Wikimedia.
  • Birch, G. F., M.S. Fazeli, and C. Matthai. 2005. Efficiency of an Infiltration Basin in Removing Contaminants from Urban Stormwater. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment 101: nos. 1-3: 23-38.
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