Link to this table
| Stormwater BMP | General Overview | Illustration | Drainage Area | Pollutant Removal Mechanism | Location in Treatment Train | Pollutant Removal 1,2 | Potential Application 1 | Cost | Maintenance Requirements 3 | Pre‐treatment 4 | Habitat Quality 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infiltration Basin | A natural or constructed impoundment that captures, temporarily stores and infiltrates the design volume of water into the surrounding naturally permeable soil over several days. In the case of a constructed basin, the impoundment is created by excavation or embankment. |  |
5 to 50 acres | Sedimentation / Infiltration | End | TSS: High
TN: Medium/High TP: Medium/High Chloride: Low Metals: High Oils and Grease: High Pathogens: High |
Residential: Yes
Commercial: Yes Ultra Urban: Limited Industrial: Limited Retrofit: Yes Highway/Road: Limited |
Low $0.5‐$1.3 CF | Simple‐Intensive | Needed Oil/Water Separator, Vegetated Filter, Sediment Basin, Water Quality Inlets | Low |
| Bioinfiltration Basin | Often called rain gardens, bioinfiltration basins use engineered or mixed soils and plantings to capture and infiltrate runoff. Pollutants are removed using highly permeable soils that are able to draw the basin down in less than 48 hours. | < 5 acres | Sedimentation / Infiltration | Beginning | TSS: High
TN: Low/Medium TP: Medium/High Chloride: Low Metals: High Oils and Grease: High |
Residential: Yes
Commercial: Yes Ultra Urban: Limited Industrial: Limited Retrofit: Yes Highway/Road: Limited |
Low $0.5‐$1.3 CF | Simple‐Intensive | Needed Oil/Water Separator, Vegetated Filter, Sediment Basin, Water Quality Inlets | Medium‐High | |
| Infiltration Trench Synonym: Infiltration Gallery | A shallow excavated trench that is backfilled with a coarse stone aggregate allowing for the temporary storage of runoff in the void space of the material. Discharge of this stored runoff occurs through infiltration into the surrounding naturally permeable soil. | < 5 acres | Infiltration | nd | TSS: High
TN: Medium/High TP: Medium/High Chloride: Low Metals: High Oils and Grease: High Pathogens: High |
Residential: Yes
Commercial: Yes Ultra Urban: Yes Industrial: Limited Retrofit: Yes Highway/Road: Yes |
Low $1‐$4 CF | Medium | Needed
Oil/Water Separator, Vegetated Filter, Sediment Basin, Water Quality Inlets |
None | |
| Dry Well Synonym: Infiltration Tube, French Drain, Soak‐Away Pits, Soak Holes | A smaller variation of an infiltration trench. It is a subsurface storage facility (a structural chamber or an excavated pit backfilled with a coarse stone aggregate) that receives and temporarily stores stormwater runoff. Discharge of this stored runoff occurs through infiltration into the surrounding naturally permeable soil. Due to their size, dry wells are typically designed to handle stormwater runoff from smaller drainage areas. | < 1 acres | Infiltration | hroughout | TSS: High
TN: Medium/High TP: Medium/High Chloride: Low Metals: High Oils and Grease: High Pathogens: High |
Residential: Yes
Commercial: Yes Ultra Urban: Yes Industrial: Limited Retrofit: Yes Highway/Road: No |
Low $1‐$4 CF | Medium | Needed
Oil/Water Separator, Vegetated Filter, Water Quality Inlets |
None | |
| Underground Infiltration | Several underground infiltration systems, including pre‐manufactured pipes, vaults, and modular structures, have been developed as alternatives to infiltration basins and trenches for space‐limited sites and stormwater retrofit applications. These systems are similar to infiltration basins and trenches in that they are designed to capture, temporarily store and infiltrate the design volume of stormwater over several days. Discharge of this stored runoff occurs through infiltration into the surrounding naturally permeable soil. | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
