Aquifer hydraulic properties Aquifer hydraulic properties

Horizontal saturated conductivity¹ and specific yield² of geologic materials. Sources:Duffield; Morris and Johnson
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Material	Range Ksat (m/s)3	Typical Ksat (m/s)	Range specific yield	Typical specific yield
Gravel	3×10-4 to 3×10-2	3×10-3	0.21-0.28	0.24
Coarse sand	9×10-7 to 6×10-3	5×10-5	0.26-0.30	0.26
Medium sand	9×10-7 to 5×10-4	1×10-5	0.26-0.30	0.26
Fine sand	2×10-7 to 2×10-4	5×10-6	0.20-0.30	0.21
Silt, loess	1×10-9 to 2×10-5	1×10-7		0.15
Till	1×10-12 to 2×10-6	1×10-9	0.06-0.16	0.10
Clay	1×10-11 to 4.7×10-9	1×10-10	0.06-0.10	0.08
Limestone with solution openings	0.1 to 10-5	0.01
Limestone	10-5 to 10-9	10-7	0.005 to 0.05	0.01
Sandstone	10-5 to 10-9	10-6	0.05 to 0.15	0.10
Shale	10-8 to 10-12	10-9	0.005 to 0.05	0.01

¹vertical saturated conductivity is considered to be one-tenth the value of horizontal saturated conductivity.
²Specific yield is expressed here as a fraction. It is often reported as a percentage in the literature.
³1 meter = 3.28 feet