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Minnesota Stormwater Manual

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<font size=3>'''Summary of attenuation-removal mechanisms for primary pollutants found in stormwater runoff.'''</font size><br>
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<font size=3>'''Summary of attenuation-removal mechanisms for primary pollutants found in stormwater runoff. Adapted from Horner, 1994 as reported in the [https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/stormwater/documents/StormwaterManual2-TechnicalDesign.pdf Wisconsin Storm Water Manual] Part 2.'''</font size><br>
 
Link to this [[Summary of pollutant removal mechanisms|table]]
 
Link to this [[Summary of pollutant removal mechanisms|table]]
 
<table class="sortable"><tr>
 
<table class="sortable"><tr>
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<th>Hydrologic soil group</th>
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<th>Mechanism</th>
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<th>Infiltration rate (inches/hour)</th>
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<th>Pollutants affected</th>
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<th>Soil textures</th>
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<th>Promoted by</th>
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<th>Corresponding Unified Soil Classification</th>
 
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
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<td rowspan="2"><center>A</center></td>
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<td>Sedimentation</td>
−
<td>1.63<sup>a</sup></td>
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<td>Solids, BOD, pathogens, particulate COD, P, N, metals, synthetic organics</td>
−
<td>
+
<td>Low turbulence</td>
−
gravel<br>
 
−
sandy gravel<br>
 
−
silty gravels</td>
 
−
<td>
 
−
GW - well-graded gravels, sandy gravels<br>
 
−
GP - gap-graded or uniform gravels, sandy gravels<br>
 
−
GM - silty gravels, silty sandy gravels<br>
 
−
SW - well-graded gravelly sands
 
−
</td>
 
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
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<td>0.8</td>
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<td>Filtration</td>
−
<td>
+
<td>Solids, BOD, pathogens, particulate COD, P, N, metals, synthetic organics</td>
−
sand<br>
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<td>Fine, dense herbaceous plants, constructed filters</td>
−
loamy sand<br>
 
−
sandy loam
 
−
</td>
 
−
<td>
 
−
SP - gap-graded or uniform sands, gravelly sands
 
−
</td>
 
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
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<td rowspan="2"><center>B</center></td>
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<td>Soil incorporation</td>
−
<td>0.45</td>
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<td>All</td>
−
<td></td>
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<td>Medium-fine texture</td>
−
<td>SM - silty sands, silty gravelly sands</td>
 
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
−
<td>0.3</td>
+
<td>Precipitation</td>
−
<td>loam, silt loam</td>
+
<td>Dissolved P, metals</td>
−
<td>MH - micaceous silts, diatomaceous silts, volcanic ash</td>
+
<td>High alkalinity</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
−
<td><center>C</center></td>
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<td>Sorption - adsorption</td>
−
<td>0.2</td>
+
<td>Dissolved P, metals, synthetic organics</td>
−
<td>Sandy clay loam</td>
+
<td>High soil Al, Fe, high soil organics (Met), circumneutral pH</td>
−
<td>ML - silts, very fine sands, silty or clayey fine sands</td>
 
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
−
<td><center>D</center></td>
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<td>Sorption - ion exchange</td>
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<td>0.06</td>
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<td>Dissolved metals</td>
−
<td>
+
<td>High soil cation exchange capacity</td>
−
clay loam<br>
+
</tr>
−
silty clay loam<br>
+
<tr>
−
sandy clay<br>
+
<td>Oxidation</td>
−
silty clay<br>
+
<td>COD, petroleum hydrocarbons, synthetic organics</td>
−
clay
+
<td>Aerobic conditions</td>
−
</td>
+
</tr>
−
<td>
+
<tr>
−
GC - clayey gravels, clayey sandy gravels<br>
+
<td>Degradation - photolysis</td>
−
SC - clayey sands, clayey gravelly sands<br>
+
<td>COD, petroleum hydrocarbons, synthetic organics</td>
−
CL - low plasticity clays, sandy or silty clays<br>
+
<td>Direct sunlight</td>
−
OL - organic silts and clays of low plasticity<br>
+
</tr>
−
CH - highly plastic clays and sandy clays<br>
+
<tr>
−
OH - organic silts and clays of high plasticity
+
<td>Degradation - volatilization</td>
 +
<td>Volatile petroleum hydrocarbons, synthetic organics</td>
 +
<td>High temperature and air movement</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>Degradation - biological</td>
 +
<td>BOD, COD, petroleum hydrocarbons, synthetic organics</td>
 +
<td>High temperature and air movement</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>Plant metabolism</td>
 +
<td>P, N, metals</td>
 +
<td>High plant surface area</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>Pathogen die off</td>
 +
<td>Pathogens</td>
 +
<td>Plant excretions</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>Nitrification</td>
 +
<td>Ammonia</td>
 +
<td>Dissolved oxygen >2 mg/L, low toxicants, temperature >5-7°C, circumneutral pH</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>Denitrification</td>
 +
<td>Nitrate, nitrite</td>
 +
<td>Anaerobic, low toxicants, temperature >15°C</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
 
</table>
 
</table>
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<font size=1>*NOTE that this table has been updated from Version 2.X of the Minnesota Stormwater Manual. There are no longer two different infiltration rates for B soils and a value of 0.06 is used for D soils (instead of < 0.2 in/hr).<br>
 
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Source: Thirty guidance manuals and many other stormwater references were reviewed to compile recommended infiltration rates. All of these sources use the following studies as the basis for their recommended infiltration rates: (1) Rawls, Brakensiek and Saxton (1982); (2) Rawls, Gimenez and Grossman (1998); (3) Bouwer and Rice (1984); and (4) Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds (NRCS). SWWD, 2005, provides field documented data that supports the proposed infiltration rates. ([[References|view reference list]])<br>
 
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<sup>a</sup>This rate is consistent with the infiltration rate provided for the lower end of the Hydrologic Soil Group A soils in the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Conservation Practice Standard: Site Evaluation for Stormwater Infiltration.</font size>
 
  
 
<noinclude>
 
<noinclude>
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[[Category:Soil properties]]
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[[Category:Level 2 - Pollutants/Pollutant removal]]
−
[[category:table]]
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[[Category:Level 3 - General information, reference, tables, images, and archives/Tables/Pollutant removal]]
 
</noinclude>
 
</noinclude>

Latest revision as of 15:56, 27 December 2022

Summary of attenuation-removal mechanisms for primary pollutants found in stormwater runoff. Adapted from Horner, 1994 as reported in the Wisconsin Storm Water Manual Part 2.
Link to this table

Mechanism Pollutants affected Promoted by
Sedimentation Solids, BOD, pathogens, particulate COD, P, N, metals, synthetic organics Low turbulence
Filtration Solids, BOD, pathogens, particulate COD, P, N, metals, synthetic organics Fine, dense herbaceous plants, constructed filters
Soil incorporation All Medium-fine texture
Precipitation Dissolved P, metals High alkalinity
Sorption - adsorption Dissolved P, metals, synthetic organics High soil Al, Fe, high soil organics (Met), circumneutral pH
Sorption - ion exchange Dissolved metals High soil cation exchange capacity
Oxidation COD, petroleum hydrocarbons, synthetic organics Aerobic conditions
Degradation - photolysis COD, petroleum hydrocarbons, synthetic organics Direct sunlight
Degradation - volatilization Volatile petroleum hydrocarbons, synthetic organics High temperature and air movement
Degradation - biological BOD, COD, petroleum hydrocarbons, synthetic organics High temperature and air movement
Plant metabolism P, N, metals High plant surface area
Pathogen die off Pathogens Plant excretions
Nitrification Ammonia Dissolved oxygen >2 mg/L, low toxicants, temperature >5-7°C, circumneutral pH
Denitrification Nitrate, nitrite Anaerobic, low toxicants, temperature >15°C
Retrieved from "https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Summary_of_pollutant_removal_mechanisms&oldid=65093"

This page was last edited on 27 December 2022, at 15:56.