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Minnesota Stormwater Manual

Difference between revisions of "Engineered (bioretention) media amendments material properties and specifications"

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<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<th>Property</th>
 
<th>Property</th>
−
<th>[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Biochar_and_applications_of_biochar_in_stormwater_management Biochar]</th>
+
<th>Al- and Fe-water treatment residuals</th>
−
<th>[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Coir_and_applications_of_coir_in_stormwater_management Coir]</th>
+
<th>Ca-water treatment residuals<sup>1</sup></th>
−
<th>Water treatment residuals<sup>1</sup></th>
 
−
<th>Spent lime</th>
 
−
<th>Compost</th>
 
−
<th>Peat</th>
 
 
<th>Iron</th>
 
<th>Iron</th>
−
<th>Wood chips</th>
+
<th>Expanded lime</th>
 +
<th>Expanded aluminum</th>
 +
<th>Taconite</th>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>Phosphorus leaching</td>
 
<td>Phosphorus leaching</td>
 
<td>No</td>
 
<td>No</td>
−
<td>No to slight</td>
+
<td>No</td>
−
<td></td>
 
−
<td></td>
 
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
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<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>Phosphorus retention</td>
 
<td>Phosphorus retention</td>
−
<td>No to slight</td>
+
<td>Yes</td>
−
<td>No</td>
+
<td>Yes</td>
−
<td></td>
 
−
<td></td>
 
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
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<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>Handling concerns</td>
 
<td>Handling concerns</td>
−
<td>Potential explosive concerns in closed space situations; volatile compounds (depending on pyrolysis temperature)</td>
 
−
<td>Dust</td>
 
−
<td></td>
 
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 +
<td>Dust may be corrosive and irritant to skin and eyes [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Spent_lime,_calcium_water_treatment_residuals_and_application_in_stormwater#Storage.2C_handling.2C_and_field_application]</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
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<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>Soil hydraulic properties</td>
 
<td>Soil hydraulic properties</td>
−
<td>Significant improvement</td>
 
−
<td>Significant improvement</td>
 
−
<td></td>
 
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 +
<td>Mixed results; has shown clogging when incorporated into soil [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Spent_lime,_calcium_water_treatment_residuals_and_application_in_stormwater#Effects_on_physical_and_hydraulic_properties]</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
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<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>Soil physical properties</td>
 
<td>Soil physical properties</td>
−
<td>Significant improvement</td>
 
−
<td>Moderate improvement</td>
 
−
<td></td>
 
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 +
<td>Mixed results; may initially improve soil structure but over time may impair structure through formation of cementitious compounds [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Spent_lime,_calcium_water_treatment_residuals_and_application_in_stormwater#Effects_on_physical_and_hydraulic_properties]</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
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<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>Plant effects</td>
 
<td>Plant effects</td>
−
<td>Beneficial but varies with feedstock</td>
 
−
<td>Beneficial</td>
 
−
<td></td>
 
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 +
<td>Improves plant response in acid soils; may have adverse effects if pH becomes elevated [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Spent_lime,_calcium_water_treatment_residuals_and_application_in_stormwater#Effects_on_plant_growth_and_microbial_function]</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
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<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>Availability</td>
 
<td>Availability</td>
−
<td>Multiple distributors</td>
 
−
<td>Widely available</td>
 
−
<td></td>
 
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 +
<td>Depends on source; many materials are widely available as they have been treated as wastes and landfilled (e.g. spent lime) [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Spent_lime,_calcium_water_treatment_residuals_and_application_in_stormwater#Distributors]</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
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<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>Specifications available</td>
 
<td>Specifications available</td>
−
<td>Limited due to variability with feedstocks</td>
 
−
<td>Yes</td>
 
−
<td></td>
 
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 +
<td>No [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Spent_lime,_calcium_water_treatment_residuals_and_application_in_stormwater#Standards_and_classification]</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
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<td>Cost</td>
 
<td>Cost</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
−
<td></td>
+
<td>Can be inexpensive if sources exist locally (e.g. spent lime from water treatment)</td>
−
<td></td>
 
−
<td></td>
 
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
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<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>Research needs</td>
 
<td>Research needs</td>
−
<td>Feedstocks suitable for stormwater applications</td>
 
−
<td>Phosphorus fate in stormwater applications</td>
 
−
<td></td>
 
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 +
<td>Performance in incorporated media; design specifications; maintenance requirements</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
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<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>Applications</td>
 
<td>Applications</td>
−
<td>[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Potential_biochar_stormwater_applications]</td>
 
−
<td>[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Coir_and_applications_of_coir_in_stormwater_management#Applications_for_coir_in_stormwater_management]</td>
 
−
<td></td>
 
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 +
<td>[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Spent_lime,_calcium_water_treatment_residuals_and_application_in_stormwater#Applications_in_stormwater_management]</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
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<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>Chemical and physical properties</td>
 
<td>Chemical and physical properties</td>
−
<td>[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Chemical_and_physical_properties_of_biochar]</td>
 
−
<td>[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Chemical_and_physical_properties_of_coir]</td>
 
−
<td></td>
 
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 +
<td>[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Spent_lime,_calcium_water_treatment_residuals_and_application_in_stormwater#Properties]</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
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<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>Sustainability</td>
 
<td>Sustainability</td>
−
<td>Sustainable, but has current market constraints</td>
+
<td></td>
 
<td>Sustainable</td>
 
<td>Sustainable</td>
−
<td></td>
 
−
<td></td>
 
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
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<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>Potential contaminants</td>
 
<td>Potential contaminants</td>
−
<td>Minor risk - metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)</td>
 
−
<td>Low risk - possible chloride depending on preparation method</td>
 
−
<td></td>
 
−
<td></td>
 
−
<td></td>
 
−
<td></td>
 
−
<td></td>
 
−
<td></td>
 
−
</tr>
 
−
<tr>
 
−
<td></td>
 
−
<td></td>
 
−
<td></td>
 
−
<td></td>
 
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 +
<td>Elevated pH; avoid waste products that may have elevated concentrations of metals (e.g. spent lime from wastewater treatment)</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
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<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>Test methods</td>
 
<td>Test methods</td>
−
<td>Not standardized but International Biochar Initiative widely used [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Biochar_and_applications_of_biochar_in_stormwater_management#Test_methods]</td>
 
−
<td>Not standardized but multiple methods available [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Coir_and_applications_of_coir_in_stormwater_management#Test_methods]</td>
 
−
<td></td>
 
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 +
<td>Standard test methods not available; methods may be described in individual reports [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Spent_lime,_calcium_water_treatment_residuals_and_application_in_stormwater#Test_methods]</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
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<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td>Effects of aging</td>
 
<td>Effects of aging</td>
−
<td>Varies with production method [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Biochar_and_applications_of_biochar_in_stormwater_management#Effects_of_aging]</td>
 
−
<td>Decomposes slowly unless nutrients are added [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Coir_and_applications_of_coir_in_stormwater_management#Effects_of_aging]</td>
 
−
<td></td>
 
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 +
<td>Not expected to be a concern [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Spent_lime,_calcium_water_treatment_residuals_and_application_in_stormwater#Aging]</td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
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<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
 +
<tr>
 
<td>Notes</td>
 
<td>Notes</td>
−
<td>Characteristics vary with feedstock and pyrolysis temperature</td>
 
−
<td>Coir must be composted or incorporated with compost, lime, fertilizer, and/or microbes</td>
 
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
 
<td></td>
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</tr>
 
</tr>
 
</table>
 
</table>
−
<font size=1><sup>1</sup>Exclusive of spent lime
+
<font size=1><sup>1</sup>Includes spent lime
  
 
<noinclude>
 
<noinclude>
−
[[Category:Engineered media]]
+
[[Category:Level 3 - General information, reference, tables, images, and archives/Tables/Media, compost, and media amendments]]
 
</noinclude>
 
</noinclude>

Latest revision as of 21:39, 9 December 2022

Engineered (bioretention) media amendments material properties and specifications.
Link to this table

Property Al- and Fe-water treatment residuals Ca-water treatment residuals1 Iron Expanded lime Expanded aluminum Taconite
Phosphorus leaching No No
Phosphorus retention Yes Yes
Handling concerns Dust may be corrosive and irritant to skin and eyes [1]
Soil hydraulic properties Mixed results; has shown clogging when incorporated into soil [2]
Soil physical properties Mixed results; may initially improve soil structure but over time may impair structure through formation of cementitious compounds [3]
Plant effects Improves plant response in acid soils; may have adverse effects if pH becomes elevated [4]
Availability Depends on source; many materials are widely available as they have been treated as wastes and landfilled (e.g. spent lime) [5]
Specifications available No [6]
Cost Can be inexpensive if sources exist locally (e.g. spent lime from water treatment)
Research needs Performance in incorporated media; design specifications; maintenance requirements
Applications [7]
Chemical and physical properties [8]
Sustainability Sustainable
Potential contaminants Elevated pH; avoid waste products that may have elevated concentrations of metals (e.g. spent lime from wastewater treatment)
Test methods Standard test methods not available; methods may be described in individual reports [9]
Effects of aging Not expected to be a concern [10]
Notes

1Includes spent lime

Retrieved from "https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Engineered_(bioretention)_media_amendments_material_properties_and_specifications&oldid=63834"

This page was last edited on 9 December 2022, at 21:39.