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Minnesota Stormwater Manual

Difference between revisions of "Minnesota Stormwater Manual test page 5"

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{{alert|This page is an edit and testing page use by the wiki authors.  It is not a content page for the Manual. Information on this page may not be accurate and should not be used as guidance in managing stormwater.|alert-danger}}
 
{{alert|This page is an edit and testing page use by the wiki authors.  It is not a content page for the Manual. Information on this page may not be accurate and should not be used as guidance in managing stormwater.|alert-danger}}
  
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[[Main page test]]
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<!--[[Operation and Maintenance of Bioretention and Other Stormwater Infiltration Practices-->
 
  
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[[Estimating and calculating bypass for the Minimal Impact Design Standards (MIDS) Calculator]]
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== ==
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[[Table of Contents test page]]
  
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This page provides guidance for operation and maintenance (O&M) of bioretention and other stormwater infiltration practices. This includes biofiltration, bioinfiltration, infiltration trenches, infiltration basins, including above- and below-ground infiltration practices.
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==Overview of typical O&M issues==
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==section==
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Bioretention practices and other stormwater infiltration practices like rain gardens and infiltration trenches are vegetated landscape practices that capture, filter, and infiltrate stormwater runoff. In addition, these practices can provide ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling and storage, carbon sequestration, reduction in heat island effect, climate adaptation, and habitat for bees, butterflies, and other insects and small animals that pollinate. Bioretention and other infiltration practices may be subject to higher public visibility, greater trash loads, pedestrian traffic, vandalism, and vehicular loads, particularly in urban areas.  
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<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%">
 +
*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_1_-_Best_Management_practices Best management practices]
 +
:*<span title="This category contains four subcategories: Erosion control practices, sediment control practices, construction tables, and fact sheets"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_Best_management_practices/Construction_practices '''Construction practices''']</span>
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">'''
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Construction_practices/Erosion_prevention_practices Erosion prevention practices]
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Construction_practices/Fact_or_summary_sheet Fact sheets and summary sheets]
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Construction_practices/Sediment_control_practices Sediment control practices]
 +
</div>
 +
*:<span title="This page provides links to pages providing cost-benefit information for stormwater best management practices"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_Best_management_practices/Cost_benefit '''Cost benefit information''']</span>
 +
:*<span title="This page (Category) contains a mixture of subcategories and pages that provide general and technical guidance and information on stormwater best management practices. This does not include specifications and detail (e.g. design, construction, O&M)."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_Best_management_practices/Guidance_and_information '''Guidance and information''']</span>
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">'''
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Guidance_and_information/BMP_overview Overviews of bmps]
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Guidance_and_information/BMP_types_and_terminology BMP types and terminology]
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Guidance_and_information/Pollutant_removal_and_credits Pollutant removal and credits for bmps]
 +
</div>
 +
:*<span title="Nonstructural stormwater practices are typically not permanent, physical devices or structures but implementation of these practices reduces pollutant loading. Subcategories in this category include better site design, deicing, education, pollution prevention, and street sweeping."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_Best_management_practices/Nonstructural_practices '''Nonstructural practices''']</span>
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">'''
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::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Nonstructural_practices/Better_site_design Better site design]
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Nonstructural_practices/Deicing Deicing]
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Nonstructural_practices/Education Education]
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Nonstructural_practices/Harvest_and_reuse Harvest and reuse]
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Nonstructural_practices/Pollution_prevention Pollution prevention]
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Nonstructural_practices/Street_sweeping Street sweeping
 +
</div>
 +
:*<span title="Pretreatment practices remove trash, debris, organic materials, coarse sediments, and associated pollutants from runoff prior to entering structural stormwater BMPs. This category includes subcategories on different pretreatment practices, including filtration, settling, screening, and hydrodynamic separation practices."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_Best_management_practices/Pretreatment_practices '''Pretreatment practices''']</span>
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">'''
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Pretreatment_practices/Hydrodynamic_separation_devices Hydrodynamic separators]
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Pretreatment_practices/Other_pretreatment_practices Other pretreatment practices]
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Pretreatment_practices/Screening_and_straining_devices Screening and straining practices]
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Pretreatment_practices/Filtration_devices Filtration practices]
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Pretreatment_practices/Settling_devices Settling devices]
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Pretreatment_practices/Tables Tabled information]
 +
</div>
 +
:*<span title="This category provides links to information on how to design, construct/build, operate and maintain, and assess the performance of bmps. Numerous tables and images in this manual provide specifications and details."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_Best_management_practices/Specifications_and_details '''Specifications and details''']</span>
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">'''
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Specifications_and_details/Assessing_performance Assessing performance]
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Specifications_and_details/Construction_specifications Construction specifications and recommendations]
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Specifications_and_details/Design_criteria Design criteria and recommendations]
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Specifications_and_details/Images_and_CADD Images and CADD]
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Specifications_and_details/Operation_and_maintenance Operation and maintenance]
 +
</div>
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:*<span title="This page (Category) provides links to pages and subcategories that provide information on structural best management practices, including bioretention, tree trenches, swales, media filters, infiltration practices, permeable pavement, green roof, harvest/reuse, and manufactured treatment practices."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_Best_management_practices/Structural_practices '''Structural practices''']</span>
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<div class="mw-collapsible-content">'''
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::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Structural_practices/Bioretention Bioretention]
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::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Structural_practices/Constructed_wetland Constructed wetland]'''
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Structural_practices/Dry_swale Dry swale]
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Structural_practices/Green_roof Green roof]
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Structural_practices/Infiltration_(trench/basin) Infiltration trench/basin]
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Structural_practices/Iron_enhanced_sand_filter Sand filter]
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Structural_practices/Permeable_pavement Permeable pavement]
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Structural_practices/Proprietary_devices Proprietary devices]
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Structural_practices/Sand_filter,_iron_enhanced_sand_filter,_media_filter Iron enhanced sand filter]
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Structural_practices/Step_pool Step pool swale]
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Structural_practices/Stormwater_wetland Stormwater wetland]
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Structural_practices/Tree_trench_and_box Tree trench/box]
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Structural_practices/Wet_pond Wet pond]
 +
::*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Best_management_practices/Structural_practices/Wet_swale Wet swale]
 +
</div>
  
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These practices require dedicated and regular maintenance to ensure proper and long-lasting operation and ecosystem benefits. The most frequently cited O&M concerns for infiltration practices include:  
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<!--
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*Permanent standing water or flooding due to clogging caused by organic matter, fine silts, hydrocarbons, and algal matter. Clogging can occur at the surface, or in the inlet, outlet, or underdrain pipes.  
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==image map==
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*Runoff bypasses the practice due to incorrect grading and slopes, or because the inlet is blocked.
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<imagemap>
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*Accumulation of trash and debris within the infiltration practice.
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Image:Topics image map.png|500px|thumb|alt=imagemap for stormwater BMPs|'''Stormwater Topics found in this stormwater wiki'''. Mouse hover over an '''i''' box to read a description of the practice, or click on an '''i''' box to go to a page on the practice.
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*Insufficient/inadequate vegetation or overcrowded vegetation .
+
circle 130 170 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_1_-_Best_Management_practices Best management practices treat or reduce stormwater volume through infiltration, filtration, sedimentation, chemical interaction, and prevention. Examples include bioretention (raingardens), swales, ponds, street sweeping, and pretreatment filtering and settling.]
−
*Inadequate pollutant removal due to improper soil media selection.  
+
circle 400 170 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_Best_management_practices/Specifications_and_details Specifications and details include guidance and images, including details, on how to design, construct, maintain, and assess stormwater best management practices]
 +
circle 700 170 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_Regulatory/Construction_(CSW) Information on the construction stormwater permit, technical information on construction stormwater best management practices, and links to photos, images, and tables]
 +
circle 1000 195 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_Regulatory/Municipal_(MS4) Information on the municipal (MS4) stormwater permit, technical information on post-construction stormwater best management practices, and links to photos, images, and tables]
 +
circle 1250 190 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Regulatory/Municipal_(MS4)/TMDLs Links to information on total maximum daily loads, including regulatory guidance and information, examples, and tools]
 +
circle 1550 170 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_1_-_Pollutants Information on pollutants includes pollutant-specific information on phosphorus, solids, bacteria and pathogens, and chloride; information on pollutant removal; and information on pollutants in stormwater runoff]
 +
circle 130 450 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_Technical_and_specific_topic_information/soils_and_media Information on soils and engineered media used in stormwater applications, including soil processes and properties, measuring and assessing soils, media mixes, media applications and performance, and amendements such as iron and biochar]
 +
circle 400 450 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_Technical_and_specific_topic_information/infiltration Information on infiltration of stormwater runoff, including best management practices, constraints on infiltration, evaluating the potential for infiltration, effects on groundwater, and case studies]
 +
circle 700 450 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_Technical_and_specific_topic_information/vegetation Information on applications of vegetation in stormwater management, including planning for vegetation at a site, establishment and maintenance, and plant lists and selection]
 +
circle 1000 450 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_Management/Green_infrastructure Information on green infrastructure and green stormwater infrastructure, including definitions, example and best management practices, operatyion and maintenance, planning, multiple benefits, and case studies]
 +
circle 1250 450 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_Management/MIDS Minimal Impact Design Standards, including definitions, documents, processes, performance goals, and calculator information, including examples, applications, and supporting information for the calculator]
 +
circle 1550 450 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_Management/Winter_management Winter management as it applies to stormwater management, including deicing, chloride, best management practice design and performance, and snow management]
 +
circle 130 700 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_1_-_Models,_modeling,_and_monitoring Models, monitoring, and monitoring guidance, including information on specific models, links, and case studies/applications]
 +
circle 400 700 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_1_-_Case_studies_and_examples Case studies and examples for a wide range of stormwater topics]
 +
circle 700 700 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_General_information,_reference,_tables,_images,_and_archives/Images The stormwater wiki has about 2000 images, including photos, schematics, graphs, and more]
 +
circle 1000 700 30 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_General_information,_reference,_tables,_images,_and_archives/Tables There are more than 600 tables with information on a wide variety of stormwater topics]
 +
circle 1250 700 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_General_information,_reference,_tables,_images,_and_archives/Reference Reference information, including a wide range of topics such as crediting, assessing performance, case studies, glossaries, definitions, links, and more]
 +
circle 1550 700 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_General_information,_reference,_tables,_images,_and_archives/Links Though links are embedded throughout the stormwater wiki, this categorization may help you find information quicker]
 +
</imagemap>
  
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The sections below describe best practices to prevent or minimize these common problems.
 
  
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==Design Phase O&M Considerations==
 
−
Designers should design bioretention and infiltration practices in ways that prevent or minimize O&M issues. Examples include:
 
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*Limiting the contributing drainage area and sizing the practice in accordance to its contributing drainage area to prevent flooding issues.
 
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*Providing pre-treatment and trash racks to prevent clogging or trash accumulation.
 
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*Providing a vegetation design plan, emphasizing native plantings (see Plants for Stormwater Design) to enhance pollinator and wildlife habitat, improve infiltration and evapotranspiration, reduce urban heat island effect, provide optimized carbon sequestration, and provide climate adaptation.
 
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*Specifying the optimized soil media composition and depth to effectively trap or sequester nutrients (phosphorus in particular), and that can also support the desired vegetation.
 
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*Providing educational signage to increase public awareness.
 
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*Installing measures like low fencing to prevent damage from pedestrian foot traffic .
 
  
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Designers should also recognize the need to perform frequent landscaping maintenance to remove trash, check for clogging, and maintain vigorous and healthy vegetation. Designers can incorporate design solutions to facilitate maintenance activities. Examples include:  
+
<imagemap>
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*Incorporating multiple and easy site access points
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Image:Topics image map.png|800px|thumb|alt=imagemap for stormwater BMPs|'''Stormwater Topics found in this stormwater wiki'''. Mouse hover over an '''i''' box to read a description of the practice, or click on an '''i''' box to go to a page on the practice.
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*Installing observation wells
+
circle 130 170 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_1_-_Best_Management_practices Best management practices treat or reduce stormwater volume through infiltration, filtration, sedimentation, chemical interaction, and prevention. Examples include bioretention (raingardens), swales, ponds, street sweeping, and pretreatment filtering and settling.]
−
*Providing recommendations of vegetation appropriate to the location
+
circle 400 170 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_Best_management_practices/Specifications_and_details Specifications and details include guidance and images, including details, on how to design, construct, maintain, and assess stormwater best management practices]
 +
circle 700 170 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_Regulatory/Construction_(CSW) Information on the construction stormwater permit, technical information on construction stormwater best management practices, and links to photos, images, and tables]
 +
circle 1000 195 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_Regulatory/Municipal_(MS4) Information on the municipal (MS4) stormwater permit, technical information on post-construction stormwater best management practices, and links to photos, images, and tables]
 +
circle 1250 190 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_Regulatory/Municipal_(MS4)/TMDLs Links to information on total maximum daily loads, including regulatory guidance and information, examples, and tools]
 +
circle 1550 170 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_1_-_Pollutants Information on pollutants includes pollutant-specific information on phosphorus, solids, bacteria and pathogens, and chloride; information on pollutant removal; and information on pollutants in stormwater runoff]
 +
circle 130 450 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_Technical_and_specific_topic_information/soils_and_media Information on soils and engineered media used in stormwater applications, including soil processes and properties, measuring and assessing soils, media mixes, media applications and performance, and amendements such as iron and biochar]
 +
circle 400 450 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_Technical_and_specific_topic_information/infiltration Information on infiltration of stormwater runoff, including best management practices, constraints on infiltration, evaluating the potential for infiltration, effects on groundwater, and case studies]
 +
circle 700 450 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_Technical_and_specific_topic_information/vegetation Information on applications of vegetation in stormwater management, including planning for vegetation at a site, establishment and maintenance, and plant lists and selection]
 +
circle 1000 450 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_Management/Green_infrastructure Information on green infrastructure and green stormwater infrastructure, including definitions, example and best management practices, operatyion and maintenance, planning, multiple benefits, and case studies]
 +
circle 1250 450 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_Management/MIDS Minimal Impact Design Standards, including definitions, documents, processes, performance goals, and calculator information, including examples, applications, and supporting information for the calculator]
 +
circle 1550 450 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_Management/Winter_management Winter management as it applies to stormwater management, including deicing, chloride, best management practice design and performance, and snow management]
 +
circle 130 700 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_1_-_Models,_modeling,_and_monitoring Models, monitoring, and monitoring guidance, including information on specific models, links, and case studies/applications]
 +
circle 400 700 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_1_-_Case_studies_and_examples Case studies and examples for a wide range of stormwater topics]
 +
circle 700 700 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_General_information,_reference,_tables,_images,_and_archives/Images The stormwater wiki has about 2000 images, including photos, schematics, graphs, and more]
 +
circle 1000 700 30 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_General_information,_reference,_tables,_images,_and_archives/Tables There are more than 600 tables with information on a wide variety of stormwater topics]
 +
circle 1250 700 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_General_information,_reference,_tables,_images,_and_archives/Reference Reference information, including a wide range of topics such as crediting, assessing performance, case studies, glossaries, definitions, links, and more]
 +
circle 1550 700 50 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_2_-_General_information,_reference,_tables,_images,_and_archives/Links Though links are embedded throughout the stormwater wiki, this categorization may help you find information quicker]
 +
</imagemap>
  
−
The designer should also provide a site-specific O&M plan that includes the following:
 
−
*Construction inspection schedule and checklists
 
−
*Post-construction routine maintenance schedule and checklists
 
−
*Operating instructions for the practice (if applicable)
 
−
Example O&M plans are provided further down.
 
  
−
For more design information and criteria for individual infiltration practices, see the “design criteria for bioretention” or “design criteria for infiltration practices” pages.
+
[[Category:Level 2 - General information, reference, tables, images, and archives/Reference]]
−
+
-->
−
Construction Phase O&M Considerations
 
−
Proper construction methods and sequencing play a significant role in reducing O&M problems. Some key items during the construction phase include:
 
−
#Before construction begins:
 
−
##Ensure that the contributing drainage area is fully stabilized with vegetation prior to the beginning of construction. Also make sure that impervious areas in the contributing drainage area are clean.  If this is not possible, use barriers or diversions to direct stormwater flows from the contributing drainage area away from the practice.
 
−
##Install any needed erosion and sediment controls in your construction site and prepare a storm water pollution prevention plan (SWPPP).
 
−
##Designate a stormwater supervisor to make sure someone is responsible for erosion and sediment control.
 
−
##Hold a pre-construction meeting with the designer and the installer to review the construction plans and the sequencing of construction.
 
−
#During construction:
 
−
##Construct any pre-treatment devices before constructing the main bioretention or infiltration system.
 
−
##Ensure heavy equipment does not enter the footprint of the practice to avoid compaction of the infiltration medium.
 
−
##Store any soil or gravel media downstream of the practice footprint to avoid clogging the infiltration medium. If this is not possible, store soil or gravel media in some type of covered or contained structure.
 
−
##Inspect the practice during construction to ensure that the infiltration practice is built in accordance with the approved design and standards and specifications. This includes verification of the media composition and depths. Use a detailed inspection checklists that include sign-offs by qualified individuals at critical stages of construction, to ensure that the contractor’s interpretation of the plan is acceptable to the professional designer. Example construction phase inspection checklists are provided further down below.
 
−
##Ensure that the plant and vegetation mix conforms to the vegetation design plan, particularly if the vegetation was selected to provide ecological function (such as pollinator habitat).
 
−
#After construction:
 
−
##Verify that the infiltration practice was built in accordance with the approved design and standards and specifications, including the pre-treatment devices as well as the main infiltration practice.
 
−
##Verify that the contributing drainage area is fully stabilized with vegetation prior to removing any barriers, diversions, or erosion and sediment control measures.
 
−
##Verify that the practice actually captures and infiltrates runoff. Conduct a full inundation test to inspect the underdrain and outflow function.
 
−
##Verify that the practice reduces nutrient loads. Collect inflow and outflow storm water samples and have them analyzed for nutrient concentrations.
 
−
##Use a detailed inspection checklist that includes sign-offs by qualified individuals at the completion of construction, to ensure that the contractor’s interpretation of the plan is acceptable to the professional designer. Example construction phase inspection checklists are provided further down below.
 
  
−
==Post-Construction Phase O&M==
 
−
Effective short and long-term operation of bioretention and infiltration practices requires  dedicated and routine maintenance. Proper maintenance will not only increase the expected lifespan of the facility but will improve ecological function, aesthetics, and property value. Important post-construction considerations are provided below.
 
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*A site-specific Operations and Maintenance Plan should be prepared by the designer prior to putting the stormwater practice into operation. This plan should provide any operating procedures related to the practices. The plan should also provide clear maintenance expectations, activities, and schedules. The O&M plan should also include an example O&M inspection checklist and an example maintenance report. Example O&M plans and inspection checklists are provided further down below.
 
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*A legally binding and enforceable maintenance agreement should be executed between the practice owner and the local review authority. Example maintenance agreements are provided further down below.
 
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*Maintenance activities should be careful not to cause compaction or damage to the vegetation. No vehicles or stockpiling should be allowed within the footprint of the practice. Foot traffic should be kept to a minimum.
 
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*Maintenance activities should apply to all parts of the bioretention or infiltration practices, including the pre-treatment devices, the main bioretention/infiltration area, the vegetation, the media, and any conveyance or discharge pipes.
 
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*BMP areas generally should not be used as dedicated snow storage areas. Click here for additional snow and salt considerations.
 
  
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[[Overview and schedule of general maintenance activities for bioretention and infiltration practices]]
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<!--
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<imagemap>
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Image:Stormwater BMPs.png|500px|thumb|alt=imagemap for stormwater BMPs|<font size=3>Stormwater Best Management Practices. Mouse hover over an '''i''' box to read a description of the practice, or click on an '''i''' box to go to a page on the practice.</font size>
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circle 30 125 30 [[Infiltration|Infiltration basins, infiltration trenches, dry wells, and underground infiltration systems capture and temporarily store stormwater before allowing it to infiltrate into the soil. As the stormwater penetrates the underlying soil, chemical, biological and physical processes remove pollutants and delay peak stormwater flows.]]
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circle 270 125 30 [[Bioretention|Bioretention (rain garden) is a terrestrial-based (up-land as opposed to wetland) water quality and water quantity control process. Bioretention employs a simplistic, site-integrated design that provides opportunity for runoff infiltration, filtration, storage, and water uptake by vegetation.]]
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circle 600 125 30 [[Trees|Tree trenches and tree boxes (collectively called tree BMP(s)), the most commonly implemented tree BMPs, can be incorporated anywhere in the stormwater treatment train but are most often located in upland areas of the treatment train. The strategic distribution of tree BMPs help control runoff close to the source where it is generated. Tree BMPs can mimic certain physical, chemical, and biological processes that occur in the natural environment.]]
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circle 690 150 30 [[Permeable pavement|Permeable pavements allow stormwater runoff to filter through surface voids into an underlying stone reservoir for temporary storage and/or infiltration. The most commonly used permeable pavement surfaces are pervious concrete, porous asphalt, and permeable interlocking concrete pavers (PICP). Permeable pavements have been used for areas with light traffic at commercial and residential sites to replace traditional impervious surfaces in low-speed roads, alleys, parking lots, driveways, sidewalks, plazas, and patios.]]
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circle 920 125 30 [[Stormwater and rainwater harvest and use/reuse|A stormwater harvesting and use system is a constructed system that captures and retains stormwater for beneficial use at a different time or place than when or where the stormwater was generated. A stormwater harvesting and use system potentially has four components: collection system (which could include the catchment area and stormwater infrastructure such as curb, gutters, and stormsewers), storage unit (such as a cistern or pond) treatment system: pre and post (that removes solids, pollutants and microorganisms, including any necessary control systems), if needed, and the distribution system (such as pumps, pipes, and control systems).]]
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circle 1130 125 30 [[Green roofs|Green roofs consist of a series of layers that create an environment suitable for plant growth without damaging the underlying roof system. Green roofs create green space for public benefit, energy efficiency, and stormwater retention/ detention. Green roofs occur at the beginning of stormwater treatment trains. Green roofs provide filtering of suspended solids and pollutants associated with those solids, although total suspended solid (TSS) concentrations from traditional roofs are generally low. Green roofs provide both volume and rate control, thus decreasing the stormwater volume being delivered to downstream Best Management Practices (BMPs).]]
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circle 30 325 30 [[Dry swale (Grass swale)|Dry swales, sometimes called grass swales, are similar to bioretention cells but are configured as shallow, linear channels. They typically have vegetative cover such as turf or native perennial grasses. Dry swales may be constructed as filtration or infiltration practices, depending on soils. If soils are highly permeable (A or B soils), runoff infiltrates into underlying soils. In less permeable soils, runoff is treated by engineered soil media and flows into an underdrain, which conveys treated runoff back to the conveyance system further downstream. Check dams incorporated into the swale design allow water to pool up and infiltrate into the underlying soil or engineered media, thus increasing the volume of water treated.]]
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circle 270 325 30 [[Wet swale (wetland channel)|Wet swales occur when the water table is located very close to the surface or water does not readily drain out of the swale. A wet swale acts as a very long and linear shallow biofiltration or linear wetland treatment system. Wet swales do not provide volume reduction and have limited treatment capability. Incorporation of check dams into the design allows treatment of a portion or all of the water quality volume within a series of cells created by the check dams. Wet swales planted with emergent wetland plant species provide improved pollutant removal. Wet swales may be used as pretreatment practices. Wet swales are commonly used for drainage areas less than 5 acres in size.]]
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circle 600 325 30 [[High-gradient stormwater step-pool swale|Stormwater step pools address higher energy flows due to more dramatic slopes than dry or wet swales. Using a series of pools, riffle grade control, native vegetation and a sand seepage filter bed, flow velocities are reduced, treated, and, where applicable, infiltrated. The physical characteristics of the stormwater step pools are similar to Rosgen A or B stream classification types, where “bedform occurs as a step/pool, cascading channel which often stores large amounts of sediment in the pools associated with debris dams”. Stormwater step pools are designed with a wide variety of native plant species depending on the hydraulic conditions and expected post-flow soil moisture at any given point within the stormwater step pool.]]
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circle 820 325 30 [[Vegetated filter strips|Vegetated filter strips are designed to remove solids from stormwater runoff. The vegetation can consist of natural and established vegetation communities and can range from turf grass to woody species with native grasses and shrubs. Because of the range of suitable vegetation communities, vegetated filter strips can be easily incorporated into landscaping plans; in doing so, they can accent adjacent natural areas or provide visual buffers within developed areas. They are best suited for treating runoff from roads, parking lots and roof downspouts. Their primary function is to slow runoff velocities and allow sediment in the runoff to settle or be filtered by the vegetation. By slowing runoff velocities, they help to attenuate flow and create a longer time of concentration. Filter strips do not significantly reduce runoff volume, but there are minor losses due to infiltration and depression storage. Filter strips are most effective if they receive sheet flow and the flow remains uniformly distributed across the filter strip.]]
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circle 1040 325 30 [[Iron enhanced sand filter (Minnesota Filter)|Iron-enhanced sand filters are filtration Best Management Practices (BMPs) that incorporate filtration media mixed with iron. The iron removes several dissolved constituents, including phosphate, from stormwater. Iron-enhanced sand filters may be particularly useful for achieving low phosphorus levels needed to improve nutrient impaired waters. Iron-enhanced sand filters could potentially include a wide range of filtration BMPs with the addition of iron; however, iron is not appropriate for all filtration practices due to the potential for iron loss or plugging in low oxygen or persistently inundated filtration practices.]]
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circle 1130 325 30 [[Filtration|Sand (media) filters have widespread applicability and are suitable for all land uses, as long as the contributing drainage areas are limited (e.g., typically less than 5 acres). Sand filters are not as aesthetically appealing as bioretention, which makes them more appropriate for commercial or light industrial land uses or in locations that will not receive significant public exposure. Sand filters are particularly well suited for sites with high percentages of impervious cover (e.g., greater than 50 percent). Sand filters can be installed underground to prevent the consumption of valuable land space (often an important retrofit or redevelopment consideration).]]
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circle 170 525 30 [[Stormwater ponds|Stormwater ponds are typically installed as an end-of-pipe BMP at the downstream end of the treatment train. Stormwater pond size and outflow regulation requirements can be significantly reduced with the use of additional upstream BMPs. However, due to their size and versatility, stormwater ponds are often the only management practice employed at a site and therefore must be designed to provide adequate water quality and water quantity treatment for all regulated storms.]]
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circle 265 525 30 [[Stormwater wetlands|Stormwater wetlands are similar in design to stormwater ponds and mainly differ by their variety of water depths and associated vegetative complex. They require slightly more surface area than stormwater ponds for the same contributing drainage area. Stormwater wetlands are constructed stormwater management practices, not natural wetlands. Like ponds, they can contain a permanent pool and temporary storage for water quality control and runoff quantity control. Wetlands are widely applicable stormwater treatment practices that provide both water quality treatment and water quantity control. Stormwater wetlands are best suited for drainage areas of at least 10 acres. When designed and maintained properly, stormwater wetlands can be an important aesthetic feature of a site.]]
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circle 600 525 30 [[Pretreatment|Pretreatment practices are installed immediately preceding one or more structural stormwater BMPs. Pretreatment reduces maintenance and prolongs the lifespan of structural stormwater BMPs by removing trash, debris, organic materials, coarse sediments, and associated pollutants prior to entering structural stormwater BMPs. Implementing pretreatment devices also improves aesthetics by capturing debris in focused or hidden areas.]]
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circle 820 510 30 [[Sediment control practices|Sediment control practices are designed to prevent or minimize loss of eroded soil at a site. Typical sediment control practices focus on 1) physical filtration of sediment by trapping soil particles as water passes through a silt fence, drop inlet screen, fiber roll, etc., 2)settling processes, that allow sediment to fall out of flows that are slowed and temporarily impounded in ponds, traps, or in small pools created by berms, silt fencing, inlet protection dikes, check dams, etc.]]
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circle 1040 500 30 [[Erosion prevention practices|Erosion prevention practices include 1) planning approaches that minimize the size of the bare soil area and the length of time disturbed areas are exposed to the elements – especially for long, steep slopes and easily erodible soils, 2) diverting or otherwise controlling the location and volume of run-on flows to the site from adjacent areas, 3)keeping concentrated flows in ditches stabilized with vegetation, rock, or other material, and 4)covering bare soil with vegetation, mulch, erosion control blankets, turf reinforcement mats, gravel, rock, plastic sheeting, soil binder chemicals, etc.]]
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circle 1235 525 30 [[Pollution prevention|Pollution prevention (P2) is a “front-end” method to decrease costs, risks, and environmental concerns. In contrast to managing pollution after it is created, P2 reduces or eliminates waste and pollution at its source. P2 includes a variety of residential, municipal, and industrial practices.]]
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</imagemap>
  
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[[Common problems and how to troubleshoot them for bioretention and infiltration practices]]
 
  
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==Maintenance Costs==
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<imagemap>
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Maintenance costs will vary depending on the size of the practice, its contributing drainage area, type of plantings, and whether it is part of a larger GI effort. Preventative maintenance is key to minimizing major costs associated with repairs. A general rule of thumb to estimate maintenance costs is 3%-6% of the installation costs. Maintenance may be higher the first few years, while plants are being established.
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Image:Updated MPCA_Small_Site_Graphic.JPG|Image map test
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circle 55 152 15 [[Protection of existing trees on construction sites]]
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circle 55 291 15 [[Construction stormwater best management practice - stockpile management|Stockpile management]]
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circle 55 378 15 [[Construction stormwater best management practice - construction materials management requirements|Construction materials management]]
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circle 55 447 15 [[Construction stormwater best management practice - construction materials management requirements|Construction materials management]]
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circle 55 564 15 [[Sediment control practices - Perimeter controls for disturbed areas]]
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circle 55 714 15 [[Sediment control practices - Storm drain inlet protection]]
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circle 55 813 15 [[Construction stormwater best management practice – Concrete, paint, stucco and other washout guidance]]
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circle 383 817 15 [[Sediment control practices - Vehicle tracking BMPs]]
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circle 388 527 18 [[Protection of existing trees on construction sites]]
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circle 395 634 18 [[Sediment control practices - Storm drain inlet protection]]
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circle 545 579 18 [[Construction stormwater best management practice – Concrete, paint, stucco and other washout guidance]]
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circle 624 433 18 [[Construction stormwater best management practice - construction materials management requirements|Construction materials management]]
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circle 667 753 18 [[Sediment control practices - Vehicle tracking BMPs]]
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circle 784 677 18 [[Construction stormwater best management practice – Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan]]
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circle 838 805 15 [[Sediment control practices - Perimeter controls for disturbed areas]]
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circle 939 358 18 [[Construction stormwater best management practice - construction materials management requirements|Construction materials management]]
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circle 1004 421 18 [[Construction stormwater best management practice - stockpile management|Stockpile Management]]
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circle 1035 660 15 [[Protection of existing trees on construction sites]]
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circle 1110 136 15 [[Construction stormwater best management practice – Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan]]
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circle 1182 557 15 [[Construction stormwater best management practice – Site stabilization]]
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circle 1132 711 15 [[Construction stormwater best management practice – Site stabilization]]
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circle 1297 450 18 [[Protection of existing trees on construction sites]]
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rect 449 170 507 185 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=MN_CSW_Permit_Section_5_Stormwater_Pollution_Prevention_Plan_(SWPPP)_Content#5.24 The SWPPP must describe methods to minimize soil compaction and preserve topsoil. Minimizing soil compaction is not required where the function of a specific area dictates compaction.]
 +
rect 409 327 459 342 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=MN_CSW_Permit_Section_8_Erosion_Prevention_Practices#8.4 Permittees must stabilize all exposed soil areas, including stockpiles. Stabilization must be initiated immediately to limit soil erosion when construction activity has ceased on any portion of the site and will not resume for a period exceeding 14 calendar days. Stabilization must be completed no later than 14 calendar days after the construction activity has ceased. Stabilization is not required on certain temporary stockpiles but must provide sediment controls at the base of the stockpile.]
 +
rect 310 397 368 412 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=MN_CSW_Permit_Section_12_Pollution_Prevention_Management_Measures#12.2 Permittees must place building products and landscape materials under cover (e.g., plastic sheeting or temporary roofs) or protect them by similarly effective means designed to minimize contact with stormwater. Permittees are not required to cover or protect products which are either not a source of contamination to stormwater or are designed to be exposed to stormwater.]
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rect 107 514 165 529 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=MN_CSW_Permit_Section_12_Pollution_Prevention_Management_Measures#12.5 Permittees must properly store, collect and dispose solid waste in compliance with Minn. R. ch. 7035.]
 +
rect 258 665 308 680 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=MN_CSW_Permit_Section_9_Sediment_Control_Practices#9.2 Permittees must establish sediment control BMPs on all downgradient perimeters of the site and downgradient areas of the site that drain to any surface water, including curb and gutter systems. Permittees must locate sediment control practices upgradient of any buffer zones. Permittees must install sediment control practices before any upgradient land-disturbing activities begin and must keep the sediment control practices in place until they establish permanent cover.]
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rect 243 765 293 780 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=MN_CSW_Permit_Section_9_Sediment_Control_Practices#9.7 Permittees must protect all storm drain inlets using appropriate BMPs during construction until they establish permanent cover on all areas with potential for discharging to the inlet.]
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rect 39 882 98 896 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=MN_CSW_Permit_Section_12_Pollution_Prevention_Management_Measures#12.9 Permittees must provide effective containment for all liquid and solid wastes generated by washout operations related to the construction activity. Permittees must prevent liquid and solid washout wastes from contacting the ground and must design the containment so it does not result in runoff from the washout operations or areas. ermittees must properly dispose liquid and solid wastes in compliance with MPCA rules. Permittees must install a sign indicating the location of the washout facility.]
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rect 447 900 506 914 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=MN_CSW_Permit_Section_9_Sediment_Control_Practices#9.11 Permittees must install a vehicle tracking BMP to minimize the track out of sediment from the construction site or onto paved roads within the site.]
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rect 1254 237 1309 252 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=MN_CSW_Permit_Section_20_SWPPP_Availability Permittees must keep the SWPPP, including all changes to it, and inspections and maintenance records at the site during normal working hours by permittees who have operational control of that portion of the site.]
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rect 1218 797 1268 812 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=MN_CSW_Permit_Section_8_Erosion_Prevention_Practices#8.4 Permittees must stabilize all exposed soil areas, including stockpiles. Stabilization must be initiated immediately to limit soil erosion when construction activity has permanently or temporarily ceased on any portion of the site and will not resume for a period exceeding 14 calendar days. Stabilization must be completed no later than 14 calendar days after the construction activity has ceased. Stabilization is not required on constructed base components of roads, parking lots and similar surfaces.]
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rect 1209 863 1268 878 [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=MN_CSW_Permit_Section_23_Discharges_to_Special_(Prohibited,_Restricted,_Other)_and_Impaired_Waters#23.9 Permittees must immediately initiate stabilization of exposed soil areas, as described in item 8.4, and complete the stabilization within seven (7) calendar days after the construction activity in that portion of the site temporarily or permanently ceases.]
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</imagemap>
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-->
  
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==Useful Resources==
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<!--
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Additional Detailed O&M Information
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<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%">
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*https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ZtzA923zvt_unapGb6U8ggQLTH4U5fH9Q1ejStyao6Y/edit?usp=sharing (this captures everything that was on the original MPCA BR O&M page but that is not captured in this document)
+
'''Information'''
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">'''
 +
*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Information_on_soil Information on soil]
 +
*[[Compost and stormwater management]]'''</div>
 +
</div>
  
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==Case Studies==
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<font size=5>Reporting phosphorus and TSS reduction credits from street sweeping</font size>
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*None identified that specifically include maintenance considerations.
 
  
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==Maintenance Training Documents and Videos==
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[[File:Selbig graph.png|400px|thumb|alt=graph of P removal with street sweeping|<font size=3>Research conducted by Bill Selbig (USGS) shows that streets, when cleaned of leaf litter prior to a storm, can significantly decrease phosphorus loads in stormwater runoff ([https://www.usgs.gov/centers/umid-water/science/using-leaf-collection-and-street-cleaning-reduce-nutrients-urban?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects Link to study])</font size>]]
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*[https://chesapeakestormwater.net/2013/04/technical-bulletin-no-10-bioretention-illustrated-a-visual-guide-for-constructing-inspecting-maintaining-and-verifying-the-bioretention-practice/ Chesapeake Stormwater Network TECHNICAL BULLETIN No. 10]. Bioretention Illustrated: A Visual Guide for Constructing, Inspecting, Maintaining and Verifying the Bioretention Practice
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At this time, the MPCA has not developed guidance for how to credit reductions in phosphorus or total suspended solid loading associated with enhanced street sweeping. We anticipate developing this guidance in 2022. In developing  this guidance, consider the following.
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*[https://chesapeakestormwater.net/events/webcast-ms4-implementers-and-the-bay-tmdl-urban-bmp-verification/ Archived webcast from Chesapeake Stormwater Network] - TRUST BUT VERIFY: Urban BMP Verification in the Chesapeake Bay
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*Baseline: Credits toward permit compliance, such as compliance with <span title="The amount of a pollutant from both point and nonpoint sources that a waterbody can receive and still meet water quality standards"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Total_Maximum_Daily_Loads_(TMDLs) '''total maximum daily loads''']</span>, can only be applied toward enhanced street sweeping. This is sweeping that results in pollutant reductions above pollutant reductions associated with sweeping that occurred at the <span title="The year from which stormwater practices can be credited toward meeting a total maximum daily load (TMDL) wasteload allocation (WLA)"> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Baseline_year baseline year]'''</span>.
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*[https://chesapeakestormwater.net/events/webcast-bioretention-maintenance/ Archived webcast from Chesapeake Stormwater Network] - Bioretention Maintenance: In the Trenches
+
*Accounting for seasonality: The image on the right illustrates the seasonal nature of phosphorus loading in areas where leaves and other organic sources are a source of phosphorus. Most models and other methods of estimating annual loads do not consider this seasonality and most likely significantly underestimates annual phosphorus loading. Accurate representation of impacts from enhanced street sweeping will require adjusting initial (baseline) calculations of loading. The MPCA is discussing appropriate methods for accounting for this seasonality.
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*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nK4x1rtyMds MSD Rain Garden and Planter Box Maintenance video]
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*Downstream BMPs: Enhanced street sweeping potentially impacts loading to and performance of downstream BMPs. The MPCA is discussing if adjustments in downstream loading and/or adjustments in BMP performance are needed to accurately determine changes in phosphorus loading in areas where enhanced street sweeping is implemented.
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*[https://www.riversmarthomes.org/video-series DOEE RiverSmart Rain Garden Maintenance video]
 
  
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==O&M Resource Catalog==
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-->
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MPCA has compiled publicly available O&M resources related to green infrastructure. [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1TNGVghLhudcWPgXKLbLAu2cUWv6O3ZeS7-FIuLSGIPM/edit#gid=0 This non-exhaustive catalog is intended as a resource to practitioners].
 
  
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==Example O&M Plans, Checklists, Reports, and Maintenance Agreements==
+
<!--
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*Operation & Maintenance Plan
 
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**[https://www.countyofnapa.org/DocumentCenter/View/3028/Example-OM-Plan-for-Residential-PDF County of Napa, CA, Example Stormwater Treatment Facilities Operations and Maintenance Plan for a Commercial Project]
 
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**[https://www.countyofnapa.org/DocumentCenter/View/3028/Example-OM-Plan-for-Residential-PDF County of Napa, CA, Example Stormwater Treatment Facilities Operations and Maintenance Plan for a Residential Project]
 
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*Construction phase inspection checklist
 
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**[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=File:Bioretention_-_construction_inspection_checklist.xlsx Bioretention construction inspection checklist] ([https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Bioretention_-_construction_inspection_checklist link to table])
 
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**[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=File:Infiltration_basin_-_system_construction_inspection_checklist.xlsx Infiltration basin - system construction inspection] ([https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Infiltration_basin_-_system_construction_inspection_checklist link to table])
 
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**[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=File:Infiltration_trench_construction_inspection_checklist.xlsx Infiltration trench construction inspection checklist] ([https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Infiltration_Trench_-_Construction_inspection_checklist link to table])
 
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*O&M inspection checklist
 
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**[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=File:Bioretention_-_operation_and_maintenance_checklist.xlsx Bioretention - operation and maintenance checklist] ([https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Bioretention_-_operation_and_maintenance_checklist link to table])
 
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**[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=File:Infiltration_trench_basin_operation_maintenance_checklist.xlsx Infiltration trench basin operation maintenance checklist] ([https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Infiltration_trench/basin_%E2%80%93_operation_and_maintenance_checklist link to table])
 
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*O&M example report
 
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**[https://portal.laserfiche.com/Portal/DocView.aspx?id=3361965&repo=r-a96260ce MSD Example]
 
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*Maintenance Agreements
 
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**[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Example_Maintenance_Agreement_1 Example Maintenance Agreement 1]
 
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**[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Example_Maintenance_Agreement_2 Example Maintenance Agreement 2]
 
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**[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Example_Maintenance_Agreement_3 Example Maintenance Agreement 3]
 
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==Related pages==
 
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*[[Operation and Maintenance of bioretention and other stormwater infiltration practices]]
 
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*[[Operation and Maintenance of green roofs]]
 
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*[[Operation and Maintenance of vegetated strips]]
 
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*[[Operation and Maintenance of permeable pavement]]
 
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*[[Operation and Maintenance of tree trenches and tree boxes]]
 
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*[[Operation and Maintenance of vegetated swales]]
 
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*[[Operation and Maintenance of stormwater treatment wetlands]]
 
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*[[Operation and Maintenance of rainwater harvesting]]
 
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Supplemental guidance
 
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*[[Supplemental guidance - operation and maintenance of bioretention and other stormwater infiltration practices]]
 
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*[[Supplemental guidance - operation and maintenance of green roofs]]
 
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*[[Supplemental guidance - operation and maintenance of vegetated strips]]
 
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*[[Supplemental guidance - operation and maintenance of permeable pavement]]
 
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*[[Supplemental guidance - operation and maintenance of tree trenches and tree boxes]]
 
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*[[Supplemental guidance - operation and maintenance of vegetated swales]]
 
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*[[Supplemental guidance - operation and maintenance of stormwater treatment wetlands]]
 
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*[[Supplemental guidance - operation and maintenance of rainwater harvesting]]
 
  
 +
[[Ecosystem Function of vegetation in stormwater management]]
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==Habitat==
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===Pollinators & Insects===
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===Birds===
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===Mammals===
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===Reptiles===
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===Amphibians===
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===Humans===
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===Aquatic Species===
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==Nutrient Cycling==
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===Primary Producers===
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===Terrestrial Food Chain===
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===Aquatic Food Chain===
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===Carbon Sequestration===
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===Oxygen & air quality benefits===
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==Soil Regeneration==
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-->
  
 
<!--
 
<!--
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=[[Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI) and sustainable stormwater management]]=
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<p dir="ltr" style="background-color:#d5fdf4; font-size:30px; text-align: center;" role="presentation" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke">
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[[File:Native landscaping.jpg|thumb|300px|alt=photo of a rain garden planted with native vegetation|<font size=3>Example of a rain garden planted with native vegetation. In addition to providing stormwater treatment, bioretention practices can provide other benefits such as habitat and aesthetic value.</font size>]]
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<a href="https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Street_Sweeping_Phosphorus_Credit_Calculator_How-to-Guide">
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Donate
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</a>
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</p>
  
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<span title="Green stormwater infrastructure is designed to mimic nature and capture rainwater where it falls. Green infrastructure reduces and treats stormwater at its source while while also providing multiple community benefits such as improvements in water quality, reduced flooding, habitat, carbon capture, etc."> '''Green infrastructure'''</span> encompasses a wide array of practices, including stormwater management. <span title="Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) describes practices that use natural systems (or engineered systems that mimic or use natural processes) to capture, clean, and infiltrate stormwater; shade and cool surfaces and buildings; reduce flooding, create wildlife habitat; and provide other services that improve environmental quality and communities’ quality of life. (City of Tucson)"> '''Green stormwater infrastructure'''</span> (GSI) encompasses a variety of practices primarily designed for managing stormwater runoff but that provide additional benefits such as habitat or aesthetic value.
 
  
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Water management using green infrastructure practices mimics the natural <span title="The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle or the hydrological cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth."> '''water cycle'''</span>. Examples of green infrastructure practices include planting trees, restoring wetlands, enhancing biodiversity, and restoring floodplains. Green infrastructure incorporates both the natural environment and engineered systems to provide clean water, conserve <span title="Ecosystem values are measures of how important ecosystem services, such as pollination, nutrient cycling, and climate regulation, are to people – what they are worth."> '''ecosystem values'''</span> and functions, and provide a wide array of benefits to people and wildlife. Green infrastructure can be applied on different scales, from the house or building level, to the broader landscape level. On the local level, green infrastructure practices include rain gardens, permeable pavements, green roofs, infiltration planters, trees and tree boxes, and rainwater harvesting systems. At the largest scale, the preservation and restoration of natural landscapes (such as forests, floodplains and wetlands) are critical components of green infrastructure.
 
  
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Stormwater management using green infrastructure practices involves keeping and using water close to its point of origin (i.e. keeping the raindrop where it falls). Practices include those local practices mentioned above - [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Bioretention rain gardens], [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Permeable_pavement permeable pavements], [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Green_roofs green roofs], [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Stormwater_infiltration_Best_Management_Practices infiltration] planters, [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Trees trees] and tree boxes, and [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Stormwater_and_rainwater_harvest_and_use/reuse rainwater harvesting systems]. Because there multiple benefits of these practices, in addition to stormwater management, the manual includes a variety of topics related to green infrastructure as illustrated below.
 
  
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{{alert|Throughout this manual, these green alert boxes identify a stormwater practice that is considered a green infrastructure practice.|alert-success}}
 
  
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This page provides links to information on green stormwater infrastructure, green infrastructure, and sustainable stormwater management.
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<p dir="ltr" style="background-color:#d5fdf4; font-size:30px; text-align: center;" role="presentation" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke">
 +
<a href="https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Street_Sweeping_Phosphorus_Credit_Calculator_How-to-Guide">
 +
<span role="link" class="I4aHG">
 +
<span style="text-decoration:underline;" class="aw5Odc" data-ri="0">Donate
 +
</span>
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</span>
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</a>
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</p>
  
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==Green stormwater infrastructure and sustainable stormwater management==
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<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%">
−
*[[Overview for green stormwater infrastructure]] - <span title="This is a single general page, describing what GSI is, why it is important, etc."> '''Comment'''</span>
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'''BMPs'''
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*[[Overview for sustainable stormwater management]] - <span title="This is a single general page. The difference between this and the GSI page may seem subtle, but this page is at a higher level and brings the concepts of sustainability and ecosystem services in"> '''Comment'''</span>
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<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
−
*[[Planning green stormwater infrastructure projects and practices]] - <span title="This gets at the second topic in LTech's recommendation document. That document has 4 bulleted recommendations (planning, cost, ordinances, and financing). We have to decide if each of these warrants a separate page or if all of this can be on a single page.> '''Comment'''</span>
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<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%">
−
*[[Training and certification for green stormwater infrastructure]] - <span title="A single page that provides information on training and certification. This includes defining these, the importance of them, and links to resources and training/certification programs and materials."> '''Comment'''</span>
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:'''Bioretention'''
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<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
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==Green stormwater infrastructure best management practices==
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*[[Bioretention terminology]] (including types of bioretention)
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*[[Overview of green stormwater infrastructure best management practices]] - <span title="This would be a page in the wiki. It would be a summary of the different GSI practices, heavily linked to other locations in the manual."> '''comment'''</span>
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*[[Overview for bioretention]]
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*[[Design considerations for green stormwater infrastructure best management practices]] - <span title="I envision this being a page in the wiki that summarizes design elements specific to GSI. There would be links to the existing design pages for each BMP, where the user can get all the design info for a specific BMP."> '''comment'''</span>
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*[[Design criteria for bioretention]]
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*[[Operation and maintenance of green stormwater infrastructure best management practices]] - <span title="I envision this being a page in the wiki that summarizes O&M elements specific to GSI. There would be links to the existing O&M pages for each BMP, where the user can get all the O&M info for a specific BMP."> '''comment'''</span>
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*[[Construction specifications for bioretention]]
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*[[Assessing the performance of green stormwater infrastructure best management practices]] - <span title="I envision this being a page in the wiki that summarizes assessment elements specific to GSI. There would be links to the existing assessment pages for each BMP, where the user can get all the assessment info for a specific BMP."> '''comment'''</span>
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*[[Operation and maintenance of bioretention and other stormwater infiltration practices]]
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*[[Multiple benefits of green stormwater infrastructure]] - <span title="This page would be a table of contents with links to individual pages discussing multiple benefits for each GSI BMP (e.g. Green Infrastructure benefits of bioretention) and BMPs that provide a specific benefit (e.g. Wildlife habitat and biodiversity benefits of Green Stormwater Infrastructure)."> '''comment'''</span>
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*[[Operation and maintenance of bioretention and other stormwater infiltration practices - supplemental information]]
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**[[Operation and maintenance of bioretention]] - we recommend using the above two pages
−
==Additional information on green stormwater infrastructure==
+
*[[Assessing the performance of bioretention]]
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*[[Green stormwater infrastructure case studies]]
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*[[Cost-benefit considerations for bioretention]]
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*[[Links for green stormwater infrastructure]]
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*[[Calculating credits for bioretention]]
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*[[Stormwater runoff performance of natural and undeveloped systems]] - <span title="This page addresses LTech issue 5."> '''Comment'''</span>
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*[[Green Infrastructure benefits of bioretention]]
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*[[Checklists, inspection sheets, maintenance agreements, and model ordinances for green stormwater infrastructure]] - <span title="A repository for these materials. The materials likely reside on individual pages and this page provides links to those individual pages."> '''Comment'''</span>
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*[[Soil amendments to enhance phosphorus sorption]]
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-->
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*[[Summary of permit requirements for bioretention]]
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+
*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Bioretention_photo Bioretention photos]
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+
*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Bioretention_schematic Bioretention schematics]
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+
*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Bioretention_table Bioretention tables]
−
 
+
*[[Supporting material for bioretention]]
−
 
+
*[[External resources for bioretention]]
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<!--
+
*[[References for bioretention]]
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==table test==
+
*[[Requirements, recommendations and information for using bioretention with no underdrain BMPs in the MIDS calculator]]
−
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px; width:500px; border: 5px solid red"
+
*[[Requirements, recommendations and information for using bioretention with an underdrain BMPs in the MIDS calculator]]</div>
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|-
+
</div>
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! style="background: red; color: yellow;" | Stabilization schedule must be no less than:
+
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%">
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|-
+
:'''Tree trenches'''
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| 14 days for all exposed soils
+
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
−
|-
+
*[[Design guidelines for tree quality and planting - tree trenches and tree boxes]]
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| 7 days if a discharge point is within one mile of a special  or impaired water
+
*[[Design guidelines for soil characteristics - tree trenches and tree boxes]]
−
|-
+
*[[Construction guidelines for tree trenches and tree boxes]]
−
| 24 hours for areas within 200 ft of a public water during fish spawning times
+
*[[Protection of existing trees on construction sites]]
−
|-
+
*[[Operation and maintenance (O&M) of tree trenches and tree boxes]]
−
| 24 hours for areas of ditches and swales within 200 ft of the property edge or surface water discharge point and 14 days for remainder
+
*[[Operation and maintenance of tree trenches and tree boxes - supplemental information]]
−
|}
+
**[[Operation and maintenance of tree trenches and tree boxes]] - we recommend using one of the above two pages
 +
*[[Assessing the performance of tree trenches and tree boxes]]
 +
*[[Calculating credits for tree trenches and tree boxes]]
 +
*[[Case studies for tree trenches and tree boxes]]
 +
*[[Soil amendments to enhance phosphorus sorption]]
 +
*[[Green Infrastructure benefits of tree trenches and tree boxes]]
 +
*[[Summary of permit requirements for infiltration]]
 +
*[[Tree trench/box photo gallery]]
 +
*[[Fact sheet for tree trenches and tree boxes]]
 +
*[[Requirements, recommendations and information for using trees as a BMP in the MIDS calculator]]
 +
*[[Requirements, recommendations and information for using trees with an underdrain as a BMP in the MIDS calculator]]
 +
</div>
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%">
 +
:'''Permeable pavement'''
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
 +
*[[Overview for permeable pavement]]
 +
*[[Types of permeable pavement]]
 +
*[[Design criteria for permeable pavement]]
 +
*[[Construction specifications for permeable pavement]]
 +
*[[Assessing the performance of permeable pavement]]
 +
*[[Operation and maintenance of permeable pavement]]
 +
*[[Calculating credits for permeable pavement]]
 +
*[[Case studies for permeable pavement]]
 +
*[[Green Infrastructure benefits of permeable pavement]]
 +
*[[Summary of permit requirements for infiltration]]
 +
*[[Permeable pavement photo gallery]]
 +
*[[Additional considerations for permeable pavement]]
 +
*[[Links for permeable pavement]]
 +
*[[References for permeable pavement]]
 +
*[[Requirements, recommendations and information for using permeable pavement BMPs in the MIDS calculator]]
 +
*[[Fact sheets for permeable pavement]]
 +
*[[Recent news and information for permeable pavement]]
 +
</div>
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%">
 +
:'''Green roof'''
 +
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
 +
*[[Overview for green roofs]]
 +
*[[Types of green roofs]]
 +
*[[Design criteria for green roofs]]
 +
*[[Construction specifications for green roofs]]
 +
*[[Assessing the performance of green roofs]]
 +
*[[Operation and maintenance (O&M) of green roofs]]
 +
*[[Operation and maintenance of green roofs - supplemental information]]
 +
**[[Operation and maintenance of green roofs]] - we recommend using the above two pages
 +
*[[Calculating credits for green roofs]]
 +
*[[Cost-benefit considerations for green roofs]]
 +
*[[Plant lists for green roofs]]
 +
*[[Case studies for green roofs]]
 +
*[[Links for green roofs]]
 +
*[[References for green roofs]]
 +
*[[Supporting material for green roofs]]
 +
*[[Green roofs terminology and glossary]]
 +
*[[Green roof fact sheet]]
 +
*[[Requirements, recommendations and information for using green roofs as a BMP in the MIDS calculator]]</div>
 +
</div>
 +
</div>
 
-->
 
-->

Latest revision as of 21:10, 10 April 2023

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This page was last edited on 10 April 2023, at 21:10.