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Minnesota Stormwater Manual

Difference between revisions of "Stormwater infiltration"

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[[File:Infiltration trench Detailed Cross Section 2.png|thumb|300px|alt=Infiltration trench Detailed Cross Section|<font size=3>Schematic showing an infiltration trench, which is one of several stormwater control practices designed to infiltrate stormwater runoff. Infiltration practices capture stormwater runoff and allow it to infiltrate into the underlying soil. Pollutant removal occurs through a variety of mechanisms, including adsorption, absorption, plant uptake, and degradation.</font size>]]
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[[File:Infiltration basin schematic..jpg |thumb|400px|alt=Infiltration basin Detailed Cross Section|<font size=3>Schematic showing an infiltration basin, which is one of several stormwater control practices designed to infiltrate stormwater runoff. Infiltration practices capture stormwater runoff and allow it to infiltrate into the underlying soil. Pollutant removal occurs through a variety of mechanisms, including adsorption, absorption, plant uptake, and degradation. Note that inflow into the practice has undergone [[Pretreatment|pretreatment]] and that once the practice is filled, runoff bypasses the practice rather than entering it.</font size>]]
  
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This page contains links to several pages that address infiltration of stormwater runoff.
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{{alert|Infiltration of stormwater, where appropriate, is a preferred practice for managing stormwater runoff, as it reduces pollutants reaching receiving waters and retains water on the landscape|alert-success}}
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<imagemap>
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Image:Infiltration constraints 3.png|500px|thumb|alt=imagemap stormwater constraints|Stormwater infiltration constraints - hover above a circle for text. Click on the link in the circle to go to the associated page in the manual.
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circle 450 225 40 [[Karst|The Construction Stormwater Permit prohibits infiltration of stormwater runoff “within 1,000 feet up-gradient or 100 feet down-gradient of active karst features”. Active karst is a terrain having distinctive landforms and hydrology created primarily from the dissolution of soluble rocks within 50 feet of the land surface.]]
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circle 900 150 50 [[Shallow soils and shallow depth to bedrock|The Construction Stormwater Permit prohibits infiltration of stormwater runoff in areas with less than three (3) feet of separation distance from the bottom of the infiltration system to the elevation of the seasonally saturated soils or the top of bedrock.]]
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circle 100 150 50 [[Stormwater infiltration and contaminated soils and groundwater|The Construction Stormwater General permit prohibits permittees from constructing infiltration systems where infiltrating stormwater may mobilize high levels of contaminants in soil or groundwater. Infiltrated runoff has the potential to transport contaminants in the soil to the groundwater or mobilize contaminants in the groundwater. Stormwater at contaminated sites can be managed by surface capture and treatment, or as infiltration by avoiding contact between runoff and contaminated soils and groundwater.]]
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circle 325 160 50 [[Guidance for amending soils with rapid or high infiltration rates|The Construction Stormwater Permit prohibits permittees from constructing infiltration systems in areas where soil infiltration rates (including amended soils) are field measured at more than 8.3 inches per hour unless they amend soils to slow the infiltration rate below 8.3 inches per hour. The primary concerns with infiltration rates above 8.3 inches per hour are (1) a diminished ability to attenuate pollutants due to the relatively short contact time between the soil and infiltrating stormwater and (2) a higher potential for rapid contaminant transport to groundwater systems (e.g., in the event of chemical spills).]]
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circle 300 50 50 [[Stormwater and wellhead protection|A minimum 100 foot horizontal separation is REQUIRED between any infiltration BMP and a sensitive public water supply well, and a 50 foot minimum horizontal separation is REQUIRED between any infiltration BMP and all other public water supply wells.The Construction Stormwater Permit requires a higher level of engineering review for proposed infiltration projects in areas overlying an Emergency Response Area (ERA) where the vulnerability of the DWSMA (Drinking Water Supply Management Area) is classified as moderate, or in areas outside the ERA where the vulnerability of the DWSMA (Drinking Water Supply Management Area) is classified as high or very high.]]
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circle 600 50 50 [[Understanding and interpreting soils and soil boring reports for infiltration BMPs|Knowing the soils in the area of a proposed infiltration best management practice (BMP) helps determine the suitability and design of the BMP. Soils determine how quickly stormwater will infiltrate, affect plant growth, and affect the fate and transport of pollutants. Section 16.10 of the Construction Stormwater general permit states “Permittees must provide at least one soil boring, test pit or infiltrometer test in the location of the infiltration practice for determining infiltration rates”. The Minnesota Stormwater Manual recommends that soil borings or pits be dug to verify soil types and infiltration capacity characteristics and to determine the depth to groundwater and bedrock.]]
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circle 1125 50 50 [[Potential stormwater hotspots|Potential Stormwater Hotspots (PSHs) are activities or practices that have the potential to produce relatively high levels of stormwater pollutants. Designation as a PSH does not imply that a site is a hotspot, but rather that the potential to generate high pollutant runoff loads or concentrations exists. PSHs include locations where there is a potential risk for spills, leaks, or illicit discharges. Stormwater hotspots may also be areas which produce higher concentrations of pollutants than normally found in urban runoff. The Construction General Permit (CGP) prohibits infiltration in areas that receive discharges from vehicle fueling and maintenance and in areas that receive discharges from industrial facilities which are not authorized to infiltrate industrial stormwater under an NPDES/SDS Industrial Stormwater Permit issued by the MPCA.]]
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circle 1675 150 50 [[Soils with low infiltration capacity|The Construction General Permit (CGP) prohibits infiltration when an infiltration system will be constructed in areas of predominately Hydrologic Soil Group D (clay) soils. Soils with low infiltration capacity (tight soils) are defined as soils with steady-state infiltration rates equal to or less than 0.06 inches per hour. These soils will typically be categorized under Hydrologic Soil Group (HSG) D.]]
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circle 100 50 50 [[Stormwater infiltration and contaminated soils and groundwater|This infiltration practice appears to have a likelihood of mobilizing contaminants. A site investigation would include assessing the mobility of the contaminants, estimating the likelihood that contaminants would be transported to groundwater, and determining if there are receptors (e.g. wells, surface water) that would be impacted.]]
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circle 350 75 50 [[Stormwater and wellhead protection|This infiltration practice should be assessed to determine if there is adequate separation from the municipal supply well and if underlying materials need to be modified to slow the infiltration rate to 8.3 inches per hour or less]]
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circle 450 50 40 [[Karst|This infiltration practice should be assessed to determine how deep the karst is and/or if underlying materials need to be modified to slow the infiltration rate to 8.3 inches per hour or less]]
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circle 900 50 50 [[Shallow soils and shallow depth to bedrock|This infiltration practice should be assessed to determine if there is 3 or more feet of separation between the bottom of the practice and the underlying bedrock]]
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circle 1675 50 50 [[Soils with low infiltration capacity|This infiltration practice should be assessed to determine if there is 3 or more feet of separation between the bottom of the practice and the underlying perched water table or if the soils are not classified as Hydrologic Group D soils]]
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</imagemap>
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This page contains links to several pages that address infiltration of stormwater runoff. [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Stormwater_infiltration_Best_Management_Practices Link to portal for Infiltration Practices].
  
 
*[[Overview of stormwater infiltration|Overview]]
 
*[[Overview of stormwater infiltration|Overview]]
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*[[Pre-treatment considerations for stormwater infiltration]]
 
 
*Best Management Practices (BMPs)
 
*Best Management Practices (BMPs)
 
**[[BMPs for stormwater infiltration|Overview of infiltration BMPs]]
 
**[[BMPs for stormwater infiltration|Overview of infiltration BMPs]]
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**[[Pollutant fate and transport in stormwater infiltration systems]]
 
**[[Pollutant fate and transport in stormwater infiltration systems]]
 
**[[Surface water and groundwater quality impacts from stormwater infiltration]]
 
**[[Surface water and groundwater quality impacts from stormwater infiltration]]
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**[[Pre-treatment considerations for stormwater infiltration|Pretreatment considerations for stormwater infiltration]]
 
*Water quantity
 
*Water quantity
 
**[[Stormwater infiltration and groundwater mounding|Groundwater mounding]]
 
**[[Stormwater infiltration and groundwater mounding|Groundwater mounding]]
 
*[[Stormwater infiltration and setback (separation) distances|Separation distances]]
 
*[[Stormwater infiltration and setback (separation) distances|Separation distances]]
 
*Constraints
 
*Constraints
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**[[When infiltration is not authorized under a stormwater permit]]
 
**[[Karst]]
 
**[[Karst]]
 
**[[Shallow soils and shallow depth to bedrock]]
 
**[[Shallow soils and shallow depth to bedrock]]
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**[[Potential stormwater hotspots]]
 
**[[Potential stormwater hotspots]]
 
**[[Stormwater and wellhead protection|Wellhead protection]]
 
**[[Stormwater and wellhead protection|Wellhead protection]]
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**[[Stormwater infiltrations and contaminated soils and groundwater|Contaminated soils and groundwater]]
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**[[Stormwater infiltration and contaminated soils and groundwater|Contaminated soils and groundwater]]
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**[http://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/Procedures_for_investigating_sites_with_potential_constraints_on_stormwater_infiltration Procedures for investigating sites with potential constraints]
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**[[Guidance for amending soils with rapid or high infiltration rates]]
 
*[[Decision tools for stormwater infiltration|Decision tools]]
 
*[[Decision tools for stormwater infiltration|Decision tools]]
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<!--*[[Stormwater infiltration research needs|Research needs]]-->
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*Determining soil infiltration
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**[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Determining_soil_infiltration_rates Determining soil infiltration rates]
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**[[Design infiltration rates]]
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**[[Understanding and interpreting soils and soil boring reports for infiltration BMPs]]
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*[[Information on soil]]
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*[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Category:Level_3_-_General_information,_reference,_tables,_images,_and_archives/Tables/Soil_and_soil_properties General information, reference, tables, images, and archives/Tables/Soil and soil properties]
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*Chloride and groundwater
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**[https://www.mgwa.org/documents/whitepapers/impacts_of_stormwater_infiltration_on_chloride_in_minnesota_groundwater.pdf Impacts of stormwater infiltration on chloride in Minnesota groundwater] - White paper produced for the Minnesota Groundwater Association
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**[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=File:Chloride_groundwater_loading_calculator.xlsx Calculator for estimating chloride loading to groundwater]
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**[[Guidance for calculator to estimate chloride loading to groundwater from infiltration]]
 
*[[References for stormwater infiltration]]
 
*[[References for stormwater infiltration]]
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*[[Supporting material for infiltration]]
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[[Category:Level 2 - Technical and specific topic information/infiltration]]

Latest revision as of 03:39, 13 February 2023

Infiltration basin Detailed Cross Section
Schematic showing an infiltration basin, which is one of several stormwater control practices designed to infiltrate stormwater runoff. Infiltration practices capture stormwater runoff and allow it to infiltrate into the underlying soil. Pollutant removal occurs through a variety of mechanisms, including adsorption, absorption, plant uptake, and degradation. Note that inflow into the practice has undergone pretreatment and that once the practice is filled, runoff bypasses the practice rather than entering it.
Green Infrastructure: Infiltration of stormwater, where appropriate, is a preferred practice for managing stormwater runoff, as it reduces pollutants reaching receiving waters and retains water on the landscape
The Construction Stormwater Permit prohibits infiltration of stormwater runoff “within 1,000 feet up-gradient or 100 feet down-gradient of active karst features”. Active karst is a terrain having distinctive landforms and hydrology created primarily from the dissolution of soluble rocks within 50 feet of the land surface.The Construction Stormwater Permit prohibits infiltration of stormwater runoff in areas with less than three (3) feet of separation distance from the bottom of the infiltration system to the elevation of the seasonally saturated soils or the top of bedrock.The Construction Stormwater General permit prohibits permittees from constructing infiltration systems where infiltrating stormwater may mobilize high levels of contaminants in soil or groundwater. Infiltrated runoff has the potential to transport contaminants in the soil to the groundwater or mobilize contaminants in the groundwater. Stormwater at contaminated sites can be managed by surface capture and treatment, or as infiltration by avoiding contact between runoff and contaminated soils and groundwater.The Construction Stormwater Permit prohibits permittees from constructing infiltration systems in areas where soil infiltration rates (including amended soils) are field measured at more than 8.3 inches per hour unless they amend soils to slow the infiltration rate below 8.3 inches per hour. The primary concerns with infiltration rates above 8.3 inches per hour are (1) a diminished ability to attenuate pollutants due to the relatively short contact time between the soil and infiltrating stormwater and (2) a higher potential for rapid contaminant transport to groundwater systems (e.g., in the event of chemical spills).A minimum 100 foot horizontal separation is REQUIRED between any infiltration BMP and a sensitive public water supply well, and a 50 foot minimum horizontal separation is REQUIRED between any infiltration BMP and all other public water supply wells.The Construction Stormwater Permit requires a higher level of engineering review for proposed infiltration projects in areas overlying an Emergency Response Area (ERA) where the vulnerability of the DWSMA (Drinking Water Supply Management Area) is classified as moderate, or in areas outside the ERA where the vulnerability of the DWSMA (Drinking Water Supply Management Area) is classified as high or very high.Knowing the soils in the area of a proposed infiltration best management practice (BMP) helps determine the suitability and design of the BMP. Soils determine how quickly stormwater will infiltrate, affect plant growth, and affect the fate and transport of pollutants. Section 16.10 of the Construction Stormwater general permit states “Permittees must provide at least one soil boring, test pit or infiltrometer test in the location of the infiltration practice for determining infiltration rates”. The Minnesota Stormwater Manual recommends that soil borings or pits be dug to verify soil types and infiltration capacity characteristics and to determine the depth to groundwater and bedrock.Potential Stormwater Hotspots (PSHs) are activities or practices that have the potential to produce relatively high levels of stormwater pollutants. Designation as a PSH does not imply that a site is a hotspot, but rather that the potential to generate high pollutant runoff loads or concentrations exists. PSHs include locations where there is a potential risk for spills, leaks, or illicit discharges. Stormwater hotspots may also be areas which produce higher concentrations of pollutants than normally found in urban runoff. The Construction General Permit (CGP) prohibits infiltration in areas that receive discharges from vehicle fueling and maintenance and in areas that receive discharges from industrial facilities which are not authorized to infiltrate industrial stormwater under an NPDES/SDS Industrial Stormwater Permit issued by the MPCA.The Construction General Permit (CGP) prohibits infiltration when an infiltration system will be constructed in areas of predominately Hydrologic Soil Group D (clay) soils. Soils with low infiltration capacity (tight soils) are defined as soils with steady-state infiltration rates equal to or less than 0.06 inches per hour. These soils will typically be categorized under Hydrologic Soil Group (HSG) D.This infiltration practice appears to have a likelihood of mobilizing contaminants. A site investigation would include assessing the mobility of the contaminants, estimating the likelihood that contaminants would be transported to groundwater, and determining if there are receptors (e.g. wells, surface water) that would be impacted.This infiltration practice should be assessed to determine if there is adequate separation from the municipal supply well and if underlying materials need to be modified to slow the infiltration rate to 8.3 inches per hour or lessThis infiltration practice should be assessed to determine how deep the karst is and/or if underlying materials need to be modified to slow the infiltration rate to 8.3 inches per hour or lessThis infiltration practice should be assessed to determine if there is 3 or more feet of separation between the bottom of the practice and the underlying bedrockThis infiltration practice should be assessed to determine if there is 3 or more feet of separation between the bottom of the practice and the underlying perched water table or if the soils are not classified as Hydrologic Group D soilsimagemap stormwater constraints
Stormwater infiltration constraints - hover above a circle for text. Click on the link in the circle to go to the associated page in the manual.

This page contains links to several pages that address infiltration of stormwater runoff. Link to portal for Infiltration Practices.

Retrieved from "https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Stormwater_infiltration&oldid=66953"

This page was last edited on 13 February 2023, at 03:39.