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| circle 1040 500 30 [[Erosion prevention practices|Erosion prevention practices include 1) planning approaches that minimize the size of the bare soil area and the length of time disturbed areas are exposed to the elements – especially for long, steep slopes and easily erodible soils, 2) diverting or otherwise controlling the location and volume of run-on flows to the site from adjacent areas, 3)keeping concentrated flows in ditches stabilized with vegetation, rock, or other material, and 4)covering bare soil with vegetation, mulch, erosion control blankets, turf reinforcement mats, gravel, rock, plastic sheeting, soil binder chemicals, etc.]] | | circle 1040 500 30 [[Erosion prevention practices|Erosion prevention practices include 1) planning approaches that minimize the size of the bare soil area and the length of time disturbed areas are exposed to the elements – especially for long, steep slopes and easily erodible soils, 2) diverting or otherwise controlling the location and volume of run-on flows to the site from adjacent areas, 3)keeping concentrated flows in ditches stabilized with vegetation, rock, or other material, and 4)covering bare soil with vegetation, mulch, erosion control blankets, turf reinforcement mats, gravel, rock, plastic sheeting, soil binder chemicals, etc.]] |
| circle 1255 525 30 [[Pollution prevention|Pollution prevention (P2) is a “front-end” method to decrease costs, risks, and environmental concerns. In contrast to managing pollution after it is created, P2 reduces or eliminates waste and pollution at its source. P2 includes a variety of residential, municipal, and industrial practices.]] | | circle 1255 525 30 [[Pollution prevention|Pollution prevention (P2) is a “front-end” method to decrease costs, risks, and environmental concerns. In contrast to managing pollution after it is created, P2 reduces or eliminates waste and pollution at its source. P2 includes a variety of residential, municipal, and industrial practices.]] |
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− | Image:Pollutants image map.png|500px|thumb|alt=imagemap for stormwater BMPs|'''Pollutants in stormwater runoff'''. Mouse hover over an '''i''' box to read a description of the pollutant, or click on an '''i''' box to go to a page on the pollutant.
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− | circle 100 500 30 [[Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in stormwater|Total suspended solids, or sediment, originate from many sources including the erosion of pervious surfaces and dust, litter and other particles deposited on impervious surfaces from human activities and the atmosphere. Erosion at construction sites are also major sources of solids. Solids contribute to many water quality, habitat and aesthetic problems in urban waterways. Elevated levels of solids increase turbidity, reduce the penetration of light at depth within the water column, and limit the growth of desirable aquatic plants. Solids that settle out as bottom deposits contribute to sedimentation and can alter and eventually destroy habitat for fish and bottom-dwelling organisms. Solids also provide a medium for the accumulation, transport and storage of other pollutants including nutrients and metals.]]
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− | circle 1800 500 100 [[Chemicals of emerging concern in stormwater|Chemicals of emerging concern includes a wide range and large number of chemicals whose impacts to human and aquatic health are generally poorly understood. Examples include but are not limited to pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals, pesticides, fire retardants, microplastics, and cosmetics. Stormwater conveys these chemicals to receiving waters. The behavior of most of these chemicals in the environment is poorly understood.]]
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− | circle 2800 500 100 [[Temperature in stormwater|Temperature is a concern in receiving waters when stormwater runoff from hot surfaces enters the receiving water. This occurs in summer on pavements in close proximity to receiving waters, or when constructed ponds discharge warm water to receiving waters. Temperature impacts are typically limited to sensitive species such as trout.]]
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− | circle 3800 500 100 [[Organics in stormwater|Organics includes a wide range of chemicals containing organic carbon. The primary organic chemicals of concern include petroleum products and gasoline, both of which originate primarily from transportation sources. Other organic chemicals include pesticides, animal wastes, and some chemicals of emerging concern. Many organic chemicals are well attenuated in stormwater treatment systems, but some are not. Effects on human and aquatic health vary, with some chemicals (e.g. benzene) being highly toxic.]]
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− | circle 100 1000 100 [[Phosphorus|Phosphorus is a common constituent in urban stormwater. Sources include vegetative material (e.g. leaves), sediment from lawns, animal waste, fertilizers, road salt, lawn irrigation water, and other organic wastes. It is an essential element for plant life, but when there is too much of it in water, it can speed up eutrophication (a reduction in dissolved oxygen in water bodies caused by an increase of mineral and organic nutrients) of rivers and lakes.]]
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− | circle 1100 1000 100 [[Nitrogen in stormwater|Nitrogen]]
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− | circle 2850 1000 100 [[Trash in stormwater|Trash]]
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− | circle 100 1600 100 [[Metals in stormwater|Metals]]
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− | circle 2150 1600 100 [[Chloride in stormwater|The primary source of chloride in urban areas is road salt. Chloride concentrations are greatest in winter and in the early phases of snowmelt. Chloride is a mobile contaminant that is easily transported with water. At elevated concentrations it poses risks to aquatic habitats. It can also mobilize metals, inhibit lake mixing, negatively impact vegetation, and damage infrastructure.]]
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− | circle 3800 1600 100[[Bacteria in stormwater|Ultimately the source of bacteria in urban stormwater is animal waste. Identifying the specific source is more challenging and likely varies with location and land use. Typical sources include domestic pets and wildlife, particularly birds. Sources of bacteria to receiving waters include urban stormwater runoff, leaking sewer lines, sewer overflows, septic systems, landfills, marinas and pumpout facilities, poorly operating packing plants, and other illicit discharges.]]
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