Difference between revisions of "Hover box definitions"
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| − | This page lists standard definitions used in hover boxes throughout this manual. Hover | + | Hover boxes allow the user to hover over bolded text and see a definition for that text. If the bolded text is blue, there is a link to more information. |
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| + | We have only begun to use them since June, 2019. When we modify older pages, we will incorporate hover boxes into updates. | ||
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| + | This page lists standard definitions used in hover boxes throughout this manual. Hover your mouse over any bolded term and a definition will be displayed. This list will continue to expand as new terms are encountered. You'll note that some terms have not yet been defined (not bolded). | ||
==A== | ==A== | ||
| − | *<span title="a | + | *<span title="a terrain having distinctive landforms and hydrology created primarily from the dissolution of soluble rocks within 50 feet of the land surface [Minn. R. 7090]"> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Karst active karst]'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="A broad category of coarse to medium grained particulate material used in construction, including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, recycled concrete and geosynthetic aggregates"> '''aggregate'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Soil aggregation involves the binding together of several soil particles into secondary units"> '''aggregation'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Alum, or aluminium sulfate, reacts with the bicarbonate alkalinities in water and forms a precipitate which attracts other fine particles and suspended material and settles out of the water column."> '''alum'''</span> | *<span title="Alum, or aluminium sulfate, reacts with the bicarbonate alkalinities in water and forms a precipitate which attracts other fine particles and suspended material and settles out of the water column."> '''alum'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched trains or non-aromatic rings."> '''aliphatic'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="a portion of a larger whole, especially a sample taken for chemical analysis or other treatment."> '''aliquot'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Of, relating to, or resulting from the influence of human beings on nature"> '''anthropogenic'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="antidegradation means that no pollutant discharges or activities will be permitted if these may cause surface waters already meeting water quality standards to drop below those standards."> '''antidegradation'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A habitat with water. It includes areas that are permanently covered by water and surrounding areas that are occasionally covered by water. Estuaries, rivers, and marshes are examples of aquatic habitats."> '''aquatic habitat'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Protection of a surface by incorpoating or covering it with an erosion resistant material, such as rock"> '''armoring'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A property of cyclic (ring-shaped), typically planar chemical compounds that gives increased stability compared to other geometric or connective arrangements with the same set of atoms."> '''aromatic'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A high-capacity urban road. The primary function of an arterial road is to deliver traffic from collector roads to freeways or expressways, and between urban centres at the highest level of service possible"> '''arterial roads'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="An aquatic environment lacking oxygen"> '''anoxic'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="As-built refers to a drawing that shows the existing dimensions and conditions of a stormwater structure or device."> '''as-built'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The direction in which a building, window, room, or sloping field faces, or the view that can be seen because of this direction"> '''aspect'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Available water capacity is the amount of water that a soil can store that is available for use by plants. It is the water held between field capacity and the wilting point adjusted downward for rock fragments and for salts in solution."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Soil_hydrologic_properties_and_processes '''available water capacity''']</span> | ||
==B== | ==B== | ||
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="A device used to restrain the flow of a fluid, gas, or loose material or to prevent the spreading of sound or light in a particular direction"> '''baffle'''</span> |
*<span title="A vegetative, structural or combination treatment of streams designed to stabilize the stream and reduce erosion."> '''bank stabilization'''</span> | *<span title="A vegetative, structural or combination treatment of streams designed to stabilize the stream and reduce erosion."> '''bank stabilization'''</span> | ||
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="Baseflow (also called drought flow, groundwater recession flow, low flow, low-water flow, low-water discharge and sustained or fair-weather runoff) is the portion of streamflow delayed shallow subsurface flow".> '''baseflow'''</span> |
| − | *<span title="a bioretention practice having an underdrain. All water entering the practice is filtered through engineered media and filtered water is returned to the storm sewer system."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Bioretention '''biofiltration''']</span> | + | *<span title="The condition(s) existing at a defined point in time or the condition corresponding to a specified performance goal or target. Examples include but are not limited to initial conditions, expected performance (e.g. expected pollutant removal), or a point in time. Baseline condition provides a reference for comparison"> '''baseline condition'''</span> |
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="The year from which stormwater practices can be credited toward meeting a total maximum daily load (TMDL) wasteload allocation (WLA)"> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Baseline_year baseline year]'''</span> |
| − | *<span title="Bioretention is a terrestrial-based (up-land as opposed to wetland) water quality and water quantity control process. Bioretention employs a simplistic, site-integrated design that provides opportunity for runoff infiltration, filtration, storage, and water uptake by vegetation. Bioretention areas are suitable stormwater treatment practices for all land uses, as long as the contributing drainage area is appropriate for the size of the facility. Common bioretention opportunities include landscaping islands, cul-de-sacs, parking lot margins, commercial setbacks, open space, rooftop drainage and street-scapes (i.e., between the curb and sidewalk). Bioretention, when designed with an underdrain and liner, is also a good design option for treating Potential stormwater hotspots. Bioretention is extremely versatile because of its ability to be incorporated into landscaped areas. The versatility of the practice also allows for bioretention areas to be frequently employed as stormwater retrofits."> '''bioretention practice'''</span> | + | *<span title="Base saturation is calculated as the percentage of CEC occupied by base cations (calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, hydrogen)> '''base saturation'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="Basins are stormwater best management practices (BMPs) that are an engineered pool that promotes settling of solids (e.g., pond forebay, sump, hydrodynamic separator, and catch basin)."> '''basin'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Bathymetric surveys measure the depth of a water body as well as map the underwater features of a water body."> '''[https://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water/science/bathymetric-surveys?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects bathymetric survey]'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="a level space, shelf, or raised barrier (usually made of compacted soil) separating two areas"> '''berm'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="One of many different structural or non–structural methods used to treat runoff"> '''best management practice'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Better site design includes a series of techniques that reduce impervious cover, conserve natural areas, and use pervious areas to more effectively treat stormwater runoff (Center for Watershed Protection, 1998a) and promote the treatment train approach to runoff management."> '''Better Site Design'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Biochar is a charcoal-like substance that’s made by burning organic material from biomass. Biochar has useful applications for soil and engineered media used in stormwater practices."> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Biochar_and_applications_of_biochar_in_stormwater_management biochar]'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The proportion of a nutrient that is digested, absorbed and metabolized by an organism through normal pathways."> '''bioavailable'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The decomposition of organic material by microorganisms"> '''biodegradation'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A bioretention practice having an underdrain. All water entering the practice is filtered through engineered media and filtered water is returned to the storm sewer system."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Bioretention '''biofiltration''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A bioretention practice in which no underdrain is used. All water entering the bioinfiltration practice infiltrates or evapotranspires."> '''bioinfiltration'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The 5 day biochemical oxygen demand, or BOD5, is water quality parameter. BOD5 measures the quantity of biodegradable organic matter contained in water. This biodegradable organic matter is evaluated using the oxygen consumed by the microorganisms involved in natural purification mechanisms."> '''biological oxygen demand'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Organic matter used as a fuel"> '''biomass'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Any manufactured device or system that supports a biologically active environment.> '''bioreactor'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Bioretention, also called rain gardens, is a terrestrial-based (up-land as opposed to wetland) water quality and water quantity control process. Bioretention employs a simplistic, site-integrated design that provides opportunity for runoff infiltration, filtration, storage, and water uptake by vegetation. Bioretention areas are suitable stormwater treatment practices for all land uses, as long as the contributing drainage area is appropriate for the size of the facility. Common bioretention opportunities include landscaping islands, cul-de-sacs, parking lot margins, commercial setbacks, open space, rooftop drainage and street-scapes (i.e., between the curb and sidewalk). Bioretention, when designed with an underdrain and liner, is also a good design option for treating Potential stormwater hotspots. Bioretention is extremely versatile because of its ability to be incorporated into landscaped areas. The versatility of the practice also allows for bioretention areas to be frequently employed as stormwater retrofits."> '''bioretention practice'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Bioswales are landscape elements designed to concentrate or remove debris and pollution out of surface runoff water. They consist of a swaled drainage course with gently sloped sides (less than 6%) and filled with vegetation, compost and/or riprap.> '''Bioswale'''</span> | *<span title="Bioswales are landscape elements designed to concentrate or remove debris and pollution out of surface runoff water. They consist of a swaled drainage course with gently sloped sides (less than 6%) and filled with vegetation, compost and/or riprap.> '''Bioswale'''</span> | ||
| − | *<span title="a former industrial or commercial site where future use is affected by real or perceived environmental contamination"> '''brownfield''' </span> | + | *<span title="A divergence from the expected biological condition of a lake, stream, or wetland. Practical methods exist for assessing impairment to a biological community, and they must be tested and refined for application to Minnesota."> '''biotic impairment'''</span> |
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) is an approach to urban flood resilience, recognized globally and in international literature, that capitalizes on the benefits of working with urban green-spaces and naturalized water-flows."> '''blue-green infrastructure'''</span> |
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="The expected length of time over which a best management practice (bmp) can be expected to perform its intended function(s) before needing to be rebuilt or replaced. Maintenance is likely required during the lifespan period."> '''bmp lifespan'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="Water level fluctuations due to topography, soils, and runoff inputs during and after precipitation events."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=File:Drawdown_and_bounce_2.jpg '''bounce''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The length of time or amount of dosing required for concentrations in effluent passing through a media to equal or exceed concentrations in influent, or the time or dosing required to first observe a chemical in effluent."> '''breakthrough'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A former industrial or commercial site where future use is affected by real or perceived environmental contamination"> '''brownfield''' </span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Removal of vegetative brush"> '''Brushing''' </span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A vegetative setback between development and streams, lakes, and wetlands whose aim is to physically protect and separate the resource from future disturbance or encroachment"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Construction_stormwater_best_management_practice_%E2%80%93_buffer_zones '''buffer zones''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The accumulation of sediment and other pollutants on impermeable surfaces"> '''build-up'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="the weight of soil in a given volume"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/Alleviating_compaction_from_construction_activities '''bulk density''']</span> | ||
*<span title="Stormwater runoff in excess of the design flow, which is diverted around a stormwater structure"> '''bypass flow'''</span> | *<span title="Stormwater runoff in excess of the design flow, which is diverted around a stormwater structure"> '''bypass flow'''</span> | ||
| − | ==C== | + | ==Ca-Cl== |
| + | *<span title="ASTM C-33 sand refers to a specific type of sand that meets standards associated with the grading of aggregate materials in the sand. ASTM C33 sand is most often used to make concrete, Portland cement, hot mix asphalt and lime."> '''[https://www.google.com/search?q=astm+c33+pdf&sxsrf=ALiCzsZbiP07RhAm7slFtquulY-VE-7w1A%3A1652959846603&ei=ZiqGYqSyJJu6tQa6xrqYBg&oq=c33+sand&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAEYBjIHCAAQRxCwAzIHCAAQRxCwAzIHCAAQRxCwAzIHCAAQRxCwAzIKCAAQRxCwAxDJAzIHCAAQRxCwAzIHCAAQRxCwAzIHCAAQRxCwAzIHCAAQsAMQQ0oECEEYAEoECEYYAFAAWABguS5oAXABeACAAQCIAQCSAQCYAQDIAQnAAQE&sclient=gws-wiz C-33 sand]'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide.> '''carbon sequestration'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A catch basin is an engineered drainage structure with the sole function of collecting rainwater and snowmelt from streets and parking lots and transporting it to local waterways through a system of underground piping, culverts, and / or drainage ditches"> '''catch basin'''</span> | *<span title="A catch basin is an engineered drainage structure with the sole function of collecting rainwater and snowmelt from streets and parking lots and transporting it to local waterways through a system of underground piping, culverts, and / or drainage ditches"> '''catch basin'''</span> | ||
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="The area that drains to a point of interest, such as a stormwater BMP or a receiving water"> '''catchment'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="Categorical wasteload allocations assign a cumulative pollutant load to more than one permitted entity. Individual allocations assign separate loads to each permitted entity."> '''categorical wasteload allocation'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A measure of how many cations can be retained on soil particle surfaces"> '''cation exchange capacity'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="An insoluble substance which is the main constituent of plant cell walls and of vegetable fibers.> '''cellulose'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Chronological documentation or paper trail that records the sequence of custody, control, transfer, analysis, and disposition of physical or electronic evidence"> '''chain of custody'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Water flow focused into individual straight pathways rather than across a broad area (sheet flow)"> '''channelized flow'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is the amount of oxygen necessary to oxidize all of the organic carbon completely to CO2 and H2O."> '''chemical oxygen demand'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A check dam is a structure installed perpendicular to flow in a natural or manmade conveyance channel to reduce flow velocity. By slowing flow velocities, check dams can serve multiple functions including reduction of channel scour and erosion, enhancement of sediment trapping, and greater treatment of the water quality control volume via enhanced water detention or retention. Typical check dam materials include rock, earth, wood, and concrete. "> '''check dam'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Chelating agents are organic compounds capable of linking together metal ions to form complex ring-like structures called chelates."> '''chelating agent'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A waterproof receptacle for holding liquids, usually water. Cisterns are often built to catch and store rainwater."> '''cistern'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Fine-grained soil particles with a particle diameter less than 0.002 mm"> '''clay'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A dense, compact, slowly permeable layer in the subsoil having a much higher clay content than the overlying material"> '''claypan'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The Clean Water Act is a U.S. federal law that regulates the discharge of pollutants into the nation's surface waters, including lakes, rivers, streams, wetlands, and coastal areas."> '''[https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-clean-water-act Clean Water Act]'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Adjustments in ecological, social, or economic systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli and their effects or impacts."> '''climate adaptation'''</span> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Cm-Cz== | ||
*<span title="coagulation involves the addition of polymers that clump small particles into larger aggregates for easy separation from water. Coagulation is a chemical process that involves neutralization of charge."> '''coagulation'''</span> | *<span title="coagulation involves the addition of polymers that clump small particles into larger aggregates for easy separation from water. Coagulation is a chemical process that involves neutralization of charge."> '''coagulation'''</span> | ||
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="There is no specific definition of coarse sediment, but in stormwater management it typically refers to coarse sand, which includes particles greater than 1/2-mm in diameter, using the Wentworth scale."> '''coarse sediment'''</span> |
| − | *<span title="a low-to-moderate-capacity road which serves to move traffic from local streets to arterial roads. Unlike arterials, collector roads are designed to provide access to residential properties."> '''collector roadway''' </span> | + | *<span title="Soils consisting primarily of sand-sized particles"> '''coarse texture'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="Cofferdams and small dikes are temporary barriers or dams used to stop or redirect the flow of water from a construction site work area, such as a support column foundation, a shoreline retaining wall location, a trench crossing at a stream or river, or other area adjacent to or within a body of water."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Sediment_control_practices_-_Diversion_barrier_controls_(cofferdams/temporary_dikes) '''cofferdam''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Fiber from the outer husk of the coconut"> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Coir_and_applications_of_coir_in_stormwater_management coir]'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A low-to-moderate-capacity road which serves to move traffic from local streets to arterial roads. Unlike arterials, collector roads are designed to provide access to residential properties."> '''collector roadway''' </span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Combined sewer systems are sewers that are designed to collect rainwater runoff, domestic sewage, and industrial wastewater in the same pipe."> '''combined sewer'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Commercial land use is the use of land for commercial purposes including building offices, shops, resorts and restaurants as opposed to construction of a residential house"> '''commercial land use'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The process in which a stress applied to a soil causes densification as air is displaced from the pores between the soil grains. Compaction is desired in construction practices and undesirable when promoting infiltration into soil."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/Alleviating_compaction_from_construction_activities '''compacted soil''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The product resulting from the controlled biological decomposition of organic materials that has been sanitized through the generation of heat and stabilized to the point that it is beneficial to plant growth"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Compost_and_stormwater_management '''compost''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Compost stability and maturity are comprehensive properties including indicating the degree of organic matter decomposition. mature compost have reduced rates of decomposition."> compost maturity</span> | ||
*<span title="Storm runoff, flowing in a confined feature such as a channel, ditch, swale, river, etc. Concentrated flow often occurs after a maximum of 300 feet of sheet flow. concentrated flow can lead to severe down- or side-cutting in the resulting channel."> '''concentrated flow'''</span> | *<span title="Storm runoff, flowing in a confined feature such as a channel, ditch, swale, river, etc. Concentrated flow often occurs after a maximum of 300 feet of sheet flow. concentrated flow can lead to severe down- or side-cutting in the resulting channel."> '''concentrated flow'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Occurs where water flow converges, effectively extending the stream network into the field"> '''concentrated stormwater runoff'''</span> | *<span title="Occurs where water flow converges, effectively extending the stream network into the field"> '''concentrated stormwater runoff'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A subset of impervious cover, which is directly connected to a drainage system or a water body via continuous impervious surfaces."> '''connected impervious'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Conservation tillage is an agricultural management approach that aims to minimize the frequency or intensity of tillage operations in an effort to promote certain economic and environmental benefits."> '''conservation tillage'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A model of a physical system that continuously tracks system response according to a set of equations typically involving differential equations."> '''continuous model'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The total drainage area, including pervious and impervious surfaces, contributing to a BMP"> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Contributing_drainage_area_to_stormwater_BMPs contributing drainage area]'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The stormwater runoff volume or pollutant reduction achieved toward meeting a runoff volume or water quality goal."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Overview_of_stormwater_credits '''credit (stormwater credit)''']</span> | ||
*<span title="A conventional roof is a standard roof with an impervious surface, such as an asphalt roof"> '''conventional roof'''</span> | *<span title="A conventional roof is a standard roof with an impervious surface, such as an asphalt roof"> '''conventional roof'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Crop rotation is the practice of planting different crops sequentially on the same plot of land to improve soil health, optimize nutrients in the soil, and combat pest and weed pressure."> '''crop rotation'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Curb cuts allow stormwater to enter a stormwater facility at specific points, thus concentrating runoff both in velocity and volume."> '''curb-cut'''</span> | *<span title="Curb cuts allow stormwater to enter a stormwater facility at specific points, thus concentrating runoff both in velocity and volume."> '''curb-cut'''</span> | ||
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="Is a traffic control measure used to extend the sidewalk, reducing the crossing distance and allowing pedestrians about to cross and approaching vehicle drivers to see each other when vehicles parked in a parking lane would otherwise block visibility."> '''curb bump-out'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="The SCS curve number method is a widely used method for determining the approximate amount of runoff from a rainfall even in a particular area. The curve number is based on the area's hydrologic soil group, land use , treatment and hydrologic condition."> '''curve number method'''</span> | ||
==D== | ==D== | ||
*<span title="Dead or inactive storage refers to water in a reservoir that cannot be drained by gravity through a dam's outlet"> '''dead storage'''</span> | *<span title="Dead or inactive storage refers to water in a reservoir that cannot be drained by gravity through a dam's outlet"> '''dead storage'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Deicing typically refers to removal of salt from impervious surfaces, such as roads, driveways, parking lots, and sidewalks. Chemicals, most commonly sodium chloride, are often used for deicing."> '''deicing'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The loss or removal of nitrogen or nitrogen compounds specifically : reduction of nitrates or nitrites commonly by bacteria (as in soil) that usually results in the escape of nitrogen into the air.> '''denitrification'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Depression storage refers to small low points in undulating terrain that can store precipitation that otherwise would become runoff. The precipitation stored in these depressions is then either removed through infiltration into the ground or by evaporation."> '''depression storage'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The rate of flow which a device is designed to handle"> '''design flow'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The volume of flow which a device is designed to handle"> '''design flow'''</span> | ||
*detention times | *detention times | ||
| − | *<span title="the removal of surface or ground water to dry and/or solidify a construction site to enable construction activity> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Construction_stormwater_treatment_-_dewatering,_including_chemical_treatment_and_sediment_filtration '''dewatering''']</span> | + | *<span title="The assumed infiltration rate into soil or engineered media when determining the dimensions (depth, surface area) of a stormwater practice."> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Design_infiltration_rate_as_a_function_of_soil_texture_for_bioretention_in_Minnesota design infiltration rate]''' </span> |
| + | *<span title="Waste or debris of any kind, though sometimes it refers only to organic materials."> '''detritus'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The removal of surface or ground water to dry and/or solidify a construction site to enable construction activity> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Construction_stormwater_treatment_-_dewatering,_including_chemical_treatment_and_sediment_filtration '''dewatering''']</span> | ||
*dewatering device | *dewatering device | ||
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="Impervious areas that are hydraulically connected to the conveyance system (e.g streets with curbs, catch basins, storm drains) and to the watershed outlet point without flowing over pervious areas."> '''directly connected impervious'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="Dissolved oxygen (DO) is a measure of how much oxygen is dissolved in the water - the amount of oxygen available to living aquatic organisms."> '''dissolved oxygen'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Dissolved phosphorus is the phosphorus that remains in water after that water has been filtered to remove particulate matter."> '''dissolved phosphorus'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Roof runoff that has been collected in gutters and piped directly to streets, storm drains, and streams and redirects it away from impervious surfaces to land-scaped areas"> '''disconnected roof runoff'''</span> | ||
*Disturbed soils | *Disturbed soils | ||
*<span title="Check dams, also called ditch checks, dikes, wattles, etc., are temporary or permanent linear structures placed perpendicular to concentrated flows such as in drainage ditches, channels, and swales to reduce flow velocities and prevent channel down-cutting."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Sediment_control_practices_-_Check_dams_(ditch_checks,_ditch_dikes) '''ditch checks''']</span> | *<span title="Check dams, also called ditch checks, dikes, wattles, etc., are temporary or permanent linear structures placed perpendicular to concentrated flows such as in drainage ditches, channels, and swales to reduce flow velocities and prevent channel down-cutting."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Sediment_control_practices_-_Check_dams_(ditch_checks,_ditch_dikes) '''ditch checks''']</span> | ||
| − | *<span title="Contributing area is defined as the total area, including pervious and impervious surfaces, contributing to a BMP. It is assumed that in most cases, with the exception of green roofs and many permeable pavement systems, impervious surfaces will constitute more than 50 percent of the contributing area to the BMP and that most of this impervious is directly connected."> ''' | + | *<span title="Contributing area is defined as the total area, including pervious and impervious surfaces, contributing to a BMP. It is assumed that in most cases, with the exception of green roofs and many permeable pavement systems, impervious surfaces will constitute more than 50 percent of the contributing area to the BMP and that most of this impervious is directly connected."> '''drainage Area'''</span> |
| − | *<span title="the surface and subsurface area surrounding a public water supply well, including the wellhead protection area, that must be managed by the entity identified in a wellhead protection plan. This area is delineated using identifiable landmarks that reflect the scientifically calculated wellhead protection area boundaries as closely as possible."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Stormwater_and_wellhead_protection '''Drinking Water Source Management Area (DWSMA),''']</span> | + | *<span title="The length of time, usually expressed in hours, for ponded water in a stormwater practice to drain. For stormwater practices where water is stored in media, there is no clear definition of drawdown, but an acceptable assumption is the time for water to drain to field capacity"> '''drawdown time'''</span> |
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="The surface and subsurface area surrounding a public water supply well, including the wellhead protection area, that must be managed by the entity identified in a wellhead protection plan. This area is delineated using identifiable landmarks that reflect the scientifically calculated wellhead protection area boundaries as closely as possible."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Stormwater_and_wellhead_protection '''Drinking Water Source Management Area (DWSMA),''']</span> |
| + | *<span title="a system of crop irrigation involving the controlled delivery of water directly to individual plants through a network of tubes or pipes."> '''drip irrigation'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Stones placed at the entrance to a rain garden to help slow the speed at which runoff enters the gardens> '''“drop waterfalls”'''</span> | ||
*dry storage | *dry storage | ||
*<span title="Dry swales, sometimes called grass swales, are similar to bioretention cells but are configured as shallow, linear channels. They typically have vegetative cover such as turf or native perennial grasses. Dry swales may be constructed as filtration or infiltration practices, depending on soils."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Dry_swale_(Grass_swale) '''dry swale''']</span> | *<span title="Dry swales, sometimes called grass swales, are similar to bioretention cells but are configured as shallow, linear channels. They typically have vegetative cover such as turf or native perennial grasses. Dry swales may be constructed as filtration or infiltration practices, depending on soils."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Dry_swale_(Grass_swale) '''dry swale''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Dry weather flows represent all flows within the sewer pipes on a typical day without precipitation and the results of lower flow to separate sanitary sewer systems."> '''dry weather flow'''</span> | ||
==E== | ==E== | ||
| − | *earthen berm | + | *<span title="Berms are compacted or vegetated structures designed to slow, pond, or filter runoff; divert runoff on a construction site to a sediment trap/basin; and/or ensure clean upland runoff does not move into disturbed areas. They may also be called filter berms, diversion berms, or earth berm barriers, depending on their composition and use."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Sediment_control_practices_-_Stabilized_earth/soil_berm '''earthen berm''']</span> |
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="Constructed with clayey soils with low permeability and therefore are considered impermeable."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Check_dams_for_stormwater_swales '''Earthen check dams''']</span> |
| − | *embankment | + | *<span title="An ecoregion, is a geographical area where the land use (agriculture, forest, prairie, etc.), underlying geology, potential native plant community, and soils are relatively similar."> '''ecoregion'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="Benefits derived from ecosystems and ecosystem functions. Examples of benefits include clean water, nutrient cycling, pollination, and detoxification of wastes."> '''ecosystem services'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Ecosystem values are measures of how important ecosystem services, such as pollination, nutrient cycling, and climate regulation, are to people – what they are worth."> '''ecosystem values'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Effluent typically refers to the water exiting a stormwater BMP. It therefore typically reflects water treated by the device."> '''effluent'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A measure of the amount of salts in soil"> '''electrical conductivity'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A chemical entity that donates electrons to another compound"> '''electron donor'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A levee, an artificial bank raised above the immediately surrounding land to redirect or prevent flooding"> '''embankment'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Aquatic plants that grow with their roots under water but their leaves and stems above the surface of the water."> '''emergent vegetation'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A model based on experimental data. Empirical models can be deterministic or probabilistic."> '''empirical model'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Interception of incoming flow to deflect, scatter, or otherwise neutralize the erosive force of concentrated, moving stormwater."> '''energy dissipation'''</span> | *<span title="Interception of incoming flow to deflect, scatter, or otherwise neutralize the erosive force of concentrated, moving stormwater."> '''energy dissipation'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Permanent or temporary energy dissipators prevent erosion, turbulence, and turbidity where stormwater pipes or ditches discharge to unprotected areas, such as channel banks, slopes, or upslope outfall locations. Their main purpose is to reduce the speed of concentrated flows to prevent scour at conveyance outlets. This practice is also called Scour Protection or Outlet Protection. Common types of outlet protection devices include concrete aprons, riprap-lined basins, and settling basins. "> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Sediment_control_practices_-_Outlet_energy_dissipation'''energy dissipation''']</span> | *<span title="Permanent or temporary energy dissipators prevent erosion, turbulence, and turbidity where stormwater pipes or ditches discharge to unprotected areas, such as channel banks, slopes, or upslope outfall locations. Their main purpose is to reduce the speed of concentrated flows to prevent scour at conveyance outlets. This practice is also called Scour Protection or Outlet Protection. Common types of outlet protection devices include concrete aprons, riprap-lined basins, and settling basins. "> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Sediment_control_practices_-_Outlet_energy_dissipation'''energy dissipation''']</span> | ||
| − | *<span title="Engineered media is a mixture of sand, fines (silt, clay), | + | *<span title="Engineered media is a mixture of sand, fines (silt, clay), organic matter, and occasionally other amendments (e.g. iron) utilized in stormwater practices, most frequently in bioretention practices. The media is typically designed to have a rapid infiltration rate, attenuate pollutants, and allow for plant growth."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Design_criteria_for_bioretention#Materials_specifications_-_filter_media '''engineered media''']</span> |
| − | *<span title="The part of the wellhead protection area that is defined by a one-year time of travel within the aquifer that is used by the public water supply well (Minnesota Rules, part 4720.5250, subpart 3). It is used to set priorities for managing potential contamination sources within the DWSMA. This area is particularly relevant for assessing impacts from potential sources of pathogen contamination because this time of travel is believed to closely correspond with the survival period of many pathogens."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Stormwater_and_wellhead_protection '''Emergency Response Area.''' | + | *<span title="The part of the wellhead protection area that is defined by a one-year time of travel within the aquifer that is used by the public water supply well (Minnesota Rules, part 4720.5250, subpart 3). It is used to set priorities for managing potential contamination sources within the DWSMA. This area is particularly relevant for assessing impacts from potential sources of pathogen contamination because this time of travel is believed to closely correspond with the survival period of many pathogens."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Stormwater_and_wellhead_protection '''Emergency Response Area''']</span> |
| − | *<span title="typically biodegradable, open-weave blankets that provide temporary cover and support for establishing vegetation on bare soil areas."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Erosion_prevention_practices_-_erosion_control_blankets_and_anchoring_devices ''' | + | *<span title="Environmental justice is the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people, regardless of race, color, national origin, or income, with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies."> '''environmental justice'''</span> |
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="A stream that flows only briefly during and following a period of rainfall in the immediate locality."> '''ephemeral stream'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="typically biodegradable, open-weave blankets that provide temporary cover and support for establishing vegetation on bare soil areas."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Erosion_prevention_practices_-_erosion_control_blankets_and_anchoring_devices '''erosion control blankets''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A kind of mulch made of partially composted bark, sand, gravel, stone and wood fragments"> '''erosion control mix'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Practices designed to prevent or minimize erosion> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Erosion_prevention_practices '''erosion protection''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A lake rich in nutrients and so supporting a dense plant population, the decomposition of which kills animal life by depriving it of oxygen."> '''eutrophic'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Loss of water to the atmosphere as a result of the joint processes of evaporation and transpiration through vegetation"> '''evapotranspiration'''</span> | *<span title="Loss of water to the atmosphere as a result of the joint processes of evaporation and transpiration through vegetation"> '''evapotranspiration'''</span> | ||
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="The average pollutant concentration for a given stormwater event, expressed in units of mass per volume (e.g., mg/L)"> '''event mean concentration'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="Charged ions that are adsorbed on to sites (with a charge opposite to that on the ion) on the surface of the adsorption complex of the soil (mainly clay and humus colloids). Exchangeable ions can replace each other on this surface, and are also available to plants as nutrients."> '''exchangeable ions'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) is calculated as follows: ESP = Exchangeable {(Na)/(Ca + Mg + K + Na)} x 100"> '''exchangeable sodium percent'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="An amount of pollutant, usually expressed in mass per unit area per unit time, transported off-site, most often with stormwater runoff"> '''export'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="An extensive green roof has growing medium that is 6 inches or less deep"> '''extensive green roofs'''</span> | ||
==F== | ==F== | ||
| − | * <span title="A type of materials that collects sediments while permeable to water."> '''filter fabric''' </span> | + | *<span title="A raw material generally used to provide energy"> '''feedstock'''</span> |
| − | *<span title="an area of permanent vegetation or other material used to reduce sediment, organics, nutrients, pesticides, and other contaminants from runoff and to maintain or improve water quality.> '''filter strip'''</span> | + | *<span title="A temporary erosion control and sediment control device used on construction sites to protect water quality in nearby streams, rivers, lakes and seas from sediment erosion"> '''fiber roll'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="Field capacity is the amount of soil moisture or water content held in soil after excess water has drained away and the rate of downward movement has materially decreased, which usually takes place within 2–3 days after a rain or irrigation in pervious soils of uniform structure and texture."> '''field capacity'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A material that is used to fill in a depression or hole in the ground, or create mounds or otherwise artificially change the elevation of the ground."> '''fill'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A type of materials that collects sediments while permeable to water."> '''filter fabric''' </span> | ||
| + | *<span title="an area of permanent vegetation or other material used to reduce sediment, organics, nutrients, pesticides, and other contaminants from runoff and to maintain or improve water quality.> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Overview_for_pretreatment_vegetated_filter_strips filter strip]'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Filtration Best Management Practices (BMPs) treat urban stormwater runoff as it flows through a filtering medium, such as sand or an organic material. They are generally used on small drainage areas (5 acres or less) and are primarily designed for pollutant removal. They are effective at removing total suspended solids (TSS), particulate phosphorus, metals, and most organics. They are less effective for soluble pollutants such as dissolved phosphorus, chloride, and nitrate."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Stormwater_filtration_Best_Management_Practices '''filtration''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Soil with a diameter of 0.063 mm to 0.2 mm"> '''fine sand'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="the condition in which a project site does not pose any additional sediment discharge risk than it did prior to beginning project construction"> '''final stabilization'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Soil consisting primarily of clay and silt"> '''fine textured soil'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The initial surface runoff of a rainstorm. During this phase, water pollution entering storm drains in areas with high proportions of impervious surfaces is typically more concentrated compared to the remainder of the storm"> '''first flush'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Stream that rapidly collects flows from the steep slopes of its catchment (watershed, basin) and produces flood peaks soon after the rain."> '''flash'''</span> | *<span title="Stream that rapidly collects flows from the steep slopes of its catchment (watershed, basin) and produces flood peaks soon after the rain."> '''flash'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Floatables are defined as litter that floats on the surface of the water. Floatables include many plastics such as milk bottles, soda bottles, motor oil containers, and plastic grocery and shopping bags, as well as aluminum products such as empty cans."> '''floatables'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A substance which promotes the clumping of particles such as sediments in stormwater so they settle to the bottom."> '''flocculant'''</span> | *<span title="A substance which promotes the clumping of particles such as sediments in stormwater so they settle to the bottom."> '''flocculant'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Flocculation involves the addition of polymers to clump small particles into larger aggregates so they can be easily separated from water. Flocculation is a physical process and does not involve neutralization of charge."> '''flocculation'''</span> | *<span title="Flocculation involves the addition of polymers to clump small particles into larger aggregates so they can be easily separated from water. Flocculation is a physical process and does not involve neutralization of charge."> '''flocculation'''</span> | ||
| − | *flow | + | *<span title="The route that water takes when moving through a channel, bmp (e.g. a stormwater pond), or other structure."> '''flow path'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="Stormwater devices in which runoff water is treated as it flows through the device, typically through filtration, settling, or straining. These devices do not reduce the volume of runoff."> '''flow-through device'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A flow-weighted mean is the mean of a quantity after it is weighted proportional to a corresponding flow rate."> '''[https://ncwqr.files.wordpress.com/2017/06/d-time-weighted-and-flow-weighted-mean-concentrations.pdf flow-weighted mean concentration]'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Fluvial processes include the motion of sediment and erosion or deposition on a river or stream bed.> '''fluvial systems'''</span> | *<span title="Fluvial processes include the motion of sediment and erosion or deposition on a river or stream bed.> '''fluvial systems'''</span> | ||
*footprint | *footprint | ||
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="An artificial pool of water in front of a larger body of water. The larger body of water may be natural or man-made. Forebays have a number of functions. They may be used upstream of reservoirs to trap sediment and debris (sometimes called a sediment forebay) in order to keep the reservoir clean."> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Pretreatment_-_Screening_and_straining_devices,_including_forebays forebay]'''</span> |
*<span title="A geologic formation that contains sufficient fissures, fractures, cracks, joints and faults that yields economic quantities of water to boreholes and springs."> '''fractured flow'''</span> | *<span title="A geologic formation that contains sufficient fissures, fractures, cracks, joints and faults that yields economic quantities of water to boreholes and springs."> '''fractured flow'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Functional groups are groups of atoms in a compound, such as the hydroxyl group in an alcohol, that determine the chemical behavior of the compound. The part of a compound that reacts with another compound is called the functional group."> '''functional group'''</span> | ||
==G== | ==G== | ||
| + | *<span title="A geographic information system (GIS) is a framework for gathering, managing, and analyzing data. It analyzes spatial location and organizes layers of information into visualizations using maps and 3D scenes."> '''Geographic Information System (GIS)'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="To calculate the geometric mean of 2 numbers, multiply those 2 numbers together, then calculate the square root of the resulting product. If you have 3 or more numbers, multiply all of the numbers together, then raise them to the power of 1 divided by n, where n is the total number of entries in the data set."> '''geometric mean'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Geotextiles are permeable fabrics which, when used in association with soil, have the ability to separate, filter, reinforce, protect, or drain"> '''geotextile'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="GPS, or the Global Positioning System, is a global navigation satellite system that provides location, velocity and time synchronization."> '''Global Positioning System (GPS)'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Synonymous with slope or incline."> '''grade'''</span> | *<span title="Synonymous with slope or incline."> '''grade'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A grade control structure is used to stabilize a stream, grassed waterway, or gully to reduce channel bed erosion."> '''grade control structures'''</span> | *<span title="A grade control structure is used to stabilize a stream, grassed waterway, or gully to reduce channel bed erosion."> '''grade control structures'''</span> | ||
| − | *<span title="Green roofs consist of a series of layers that create an environment suitable for plant growth without damaging the underlying roof system. Green roofs create green space for public benefit, energy efficiency, and stormwater retention/ detention."> '''green roof'''</span> | + | *<span title="A grass-lined channel is a graded, vegetated channel that collects and conveys stormwater while encouraging infiltration into the ground."> '''grass channel'''</span> |
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="Gray stormwater is designed to move urban stormwater away from the built environment and includes curbs, gutters, drains, piping, and collection systems. Generally, traditional gray infrastructure collects and conveys stormwater from impervious surfaces, such as roadways, parking lots and rooftops, into a series of piping that ultimately discharges untreated stormwater into a local water body."> '''gray infrastructure'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="Green Infrastructure refers to ecological systems, both natural and engineered, that act as living infrastructure. Green Infrastructure elements are planned and managed primarily for stormwater control, but also exhibit social, economic and environmental benefits (Syracuse University)."> '''green infrastructure'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) describes practices that use natural systems (or engineered systems that mimic or use natural processes) to capture, clean, and infiltrate stormwater; shade and cool surfaces and buildings; reduce flooding, create wildlife habitat; and provide other services that improve environmental quality and communities’ quality of life. (City of Tucson)"> '''green stormwater infrastructure'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Green roofs consist of a series of layers that create an environment suitable for plant growth without damaging the underlying roof system. Green roofs create green space for public benefit, energy efficiency, and stormwater retention/ detention."> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Green_roofs green roof]'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="An area of grass, trees, or other vegetation set apart for recreational or aesthetic purposes in an otherwise urban environment."> '''green space'''</span> | ||
*geotextile | *geotextile | ||
| + | *<span title"Large particles, including sediment, debris, and litter"> '''gross solids'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Grubbing or clearing denotes the removal of trees, shrubs, stumps, and rubbish from a site, often from the site on which a transportation or utility corridor"> '''grubbing'''</span> | ||
==H== | ==H== | ||
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="A measure of dissolved minerals in water, specifically calcium and magnesium. Hard water results in mineral buildup on fixtures and poor soap and/or detergent performance."> '''hardness'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="Rain water harvesting is the practice of collecting rain water from impermeable surfaces, such as rooftops, and storing for future use."> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Stormwater_and_rainwater_harvest_and_use/reuse harvest and reuse]'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="an urban area having higher average temperature than its rural surroundings owing to the greater absorption, retention, and generation of heat by its buildings, pavements, and human activities."> '''heat island'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A plant whose growth dies down annually but whose roots or other underground parts survive"> '''herbaceous perennial'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The consumption of plant material by animals"> '''herbivory'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="High-density polyethylene (HDPE) or polyethylene high-density (PEHD) is a thermoplastic polymer produced from the monomer ethylene.It has a high strength-to-density ratio."> '''High-density polyethylene'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Highly urban and ultra-urban settings have a large percentage of impermeable surface and typically have limited space to install surface BMPs. An example would be a downtown area."> '''highly urban and ultra-urban environments'''</span> | *<span title="Highly urban and ultra-urban settings have a large percentage of impermeable surface and typically have limited space to install surface BMPs. An example would be a downtown area."> '''highly urban and ultra-urban environments'''</span> | ||
| − | *<span title="Hydraulic conductivity is a property of soils and rocks that describes the ease with which a fluid (usually water) can move through pore spaces or fractures."> '''hydraulic conductivity | + | *<span title="The location or container on a sweeper where street debris is stored until disposed"> '''hopper'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="Hydraulic conductivity is a property of soils and rocks that describes the ease with which a fluid (usually water) can move through pore spaces or fractures."> '''hydraulic conductivity (k)'''</span> | ||
*<span title="The surface or profile of water flowing in an open channel or a pipe flowing partially full."> '''hydraulic grade line'''</span> | *<span title="The surface or profile of water flowing in an open channel or a pipe flowing partially full."> '''hydraulic grade line'''</span> | ||
*<span title="The hydraulic gradient is the change in total head divided the distance over which the change occurs."> '''hydraulic gradient (i),'''</span> | *<span title="The hydraulic gradient is the change in total head divided the distance over which the change occurs."> '''hydraulic gradient (i),'''</span> | ||
| − | *<span title="a mathematical model of a water/sewer/storm system and is used to | + | *<span title="Hydraulic head or piezometric head is a specific measurement of liquid pressure above a vertical datum."> '''hydraulic head'''</span> |
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="A mathematical model of a water/sewer/storm system and is used to analyze the system's hydraulic behaviour."> '''hydraulic model'''</span> |
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="An environment or habitat containing plenty of moisture; very wet"> '''hydric'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="A compound of hydrogen and carbon, such as any of those which are the chief components of petroleum and natural gas."> '''hydrocarbon'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Stormwater management devices that use cyclonic separation to control water pollution. They are designed as flow-through structures with a settling or separation unit to remove sediment and other pollutants."> '''hydrodynamic separator'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The branch of geology concerned with water occurring underground or on the surface of the earth"> '''hydrogeology'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A soil classification system (Natural Resource Conservation System) based on runoff potential. Groups include A soils (coarse textured with very low runoff potential), B soils (medium coarse textured with low runoff potential), C soils (fine to moderate textured with moderate runoff potential), and D soils (fine textured with high runoff potential)."> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Design_infiltration_rates hydrologic soil group]'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="an instrument for measuring the density of liquids."> '''hydrometer'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A planting process that uses a slurry of seed and mulch. It is often used as an erosion control technique on construction sites, as an alternative to the traditional process of broadcasting or sowing dry seed."> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Erosion_prevention_practices_-_temporary_seeding_and_stabilization hydroseed]'''</span> | ||
==I== | ==I== | ||
| + | *<span title="Any flow or dumping to a municipal separate storm sewer of any substance that is not composed entirely of stormwater; exceptions are non-stormwater discharges allowed by the NPDES Permit and discharges resulting from emergency firefighting activities."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=MCM_3_Illicit_Discharge_Detection_and_Elimination '''illicit discharge''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Impaired waters are bodies of water that exceed the limits of one or more parameters for surface water quality"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Special_Waters_and_Impaired_Waters '''impaired water''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Routing impervious surfaces to pervious surfaces. An example is routing runoff from a parking lot to a turfed area."> '''impervious disconnection'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Impermeable means not allowing something, such as water, to pass through. Some materials considered impermeable may actually allow water to pass through at very slow rates, such as 10(-8) cm/sec."> '''impermeable'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A plan that specifies the type and quantity of corrective measures needed to achieve the pollutant loads calculated in a TMDL and implementing those plans will help to achieve that goal."> '''implementation plan'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A stream channel in which the bed has dropped and as a result, the stream is disconnected from its floodplain. Incised channels are often referred to as degraded channels."> '''incised stream'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Land used for commercial establishments, manufacturing plants, public utilities, mining, distribution of goods or services, administration of business activities, research and development facilities, warehousing, shipping, transporting, remanufacturing, stockpiling of raw materials, storage, repair and maintenance of commercial machinery or equipment, and waste management"> '''industrial land use'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Infiltration Best Management Practices (BMPs) treat urban stormwater runoff as it flows through a filtering medium and into underlying soil, where it may eventually percolate into groundwater. The filtering media is typically coarse-textured and may contain organic material, as in the case of bioinfiltration BMPs."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Stormwater_infiltration_Best_Management_Practices '''infiltration''']</span> | ||
*<span title="Infiltration basins, infiltration trenches, dry wells, and underground infiltration systems capture and temporarily store stormwater before allowing it to infiltrate into the soil. As the stormwater penetrates the underlying soil, chemical, biological and physical processes remove pollutants and delay peak stormwater flows."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Infiltration '''infiltration basin''']</span> | *<span title="Infiltration basins, infiltration trenches, dry wells, and underground infiltration systems capture and temporarily store stormwater before allowing it to infiltrate into the soil. As the stormwater penetrates the underlying soil, chemical, biological and physical processes remove pollutants and delay peak stormwater flows."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Infiltration '''infiltration basin''']</span> | ||
*<span title="The infiltration rate is the velocity or speed at which water enters into the soil"> '''infiltration rate'''</span> | *<span title="The infiltration rate is the velocity or speed at which water enters into the soil"> '''infiltration rate'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Influent typically refers to the water entering a stormwater bmp. It refers to water that has not been treated by the device, though the water may have received treatment from an upstream bmp"> '''influent'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Inlets collect excess stormwater from the street, transition the flow into storm drains, and can provide maintenance access to the storm drain system."> '''inlet structure'''</span> | *<span title="Inlets collect excess stormwater from the street, transition the flow into storm drains, and can provide maintenance access to the storm drain system."> '''inlet structure'''</span> | ||
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="The maximum volume of water that can be retained by a stormwater practice (bmp) if the water was instantaneously added to the practice. It equals the depth of the practice times the average area of the practice. For some bmps (e.g. bioretention, infiltration trenches and basins, swales with check dams), the volume is the water stored or retained above the media, while for other practices (e.g. permeable pavement, tree trenches) the volume is the water stored or retained within the media."> '''instantaneous volume'''</span> |
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="Land used primarily for religious, governmental, educational, social, cultural or major health care facilities (where they have beds for overnight stay). Examples include: schools, synagogues, cemeteries, hospitals, nursing homes, city halls, county and state fairgrounds, and museums."> '''institutional land use'''</span> |
| − | *<span title="a well-defined channel that contains. water for only part of the year, typically during winter and spring when the aquatic."> '''intermittent flow channel'''</span> | + | *<span title="Curbs fused together with the road to create more traction and make it easier for larger vehicles to pass without damaging the internal structure or foundation of the asphalt or concrete. This type of curb creates a much smoother transition into the road than other types because there aren’t any jutting edges."> '''integral curb'''</span> |
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="An intensive green roof has growing medium that is 6 inches or more deep"> '''intensive roof'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="Interception refers to precipitation that does not reach the soil, but is instead intercepted by the leaves, branches of plants and the forest floor"> '''interception'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Intercropping is a multiple cropping practice that involves growing two or more crops in proximity. In other words, intercropping is the cultivation of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field."> '''intercropping'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="An invasive species is an organism, including plants, that is not indigenous, or native, to a particular area and that can cause great economic and environmental harm."> '''invasive species'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A well-defined channel that contains. water for only part of the year, typically during winter and spring when the aquatic."> '''intermittent flow channel'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Invert level is the base interior level of a pipe, trench or tunnel; it can be considered the "floor" level"> '''invert'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Iron-enhanced sand filters are filtration Best Management Practices (BMPs) that incorporate filtration media mixed with iron. The iron removes several dissolved constituents, including phosphate, from stormwater. Iron-enhanced sand filters may be particularly useful for achieving low phosphorus levels needed to improve nutrient impaired waters. "> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Iron_enhanced_sand_filter_(Minnesota_Filter) '''iron-enhanced sand filter''']</span> | *<span title="Iron-enhanced sand filters are filtration Best Management Practices (BMPs) that incorporate filtration media mixed with iron. The iron removes several dissolved constituents, including phosphate, from stormwater. Iron-enhanced sand filters may be particularly useful for achieving low phosphorus levels needed to improve nutrient impaired waters. "> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Iron_enhanced_sand_filter_(Minnesota_Filter) '''iron-enhanced sand filter''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title"Irrigation demand has different definitions, but generally refers to the water demands of a plant or crop"> '''irrigation demand'''</span> | ||
==J== | ==J== | ||
| Line 102: | Line 252: | ||
==L== | ==L== | ||
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="Residential housing in a rural setting that preserves and minimizes impacts on environmentally sensitive locations and provides scenic quality."> '''large lot residential'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="A soluble chemical drained away from soil, ash, or similar material by the action of percolating liquid, especially rainwater"> '''leaching'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Level Spreaders are measures that reduce the erosive energy of concentrated flows by distributing runoff as sheet flow to stabilized vegetative surfaces."> '''level spreader'''</span> | *<span title="Level Spreaders are measures that reduce the erosive energy of concentrated flows by distributing runoff as sheet flow to stabilized vegetative surfaces."> '''level spreader'''</span> | ||
| − | *live storage | + | *<span title="A detection system which works on the principle of radar, but uses light from a laser."> '''lidar'''</span> |
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="A complex organic polymer deposited in the cell walls of many plants, making them rigid and woody"> '''lignin'''</span> |
| − | *<span title="low permeability soils typically have low infiltration rates, less than 0.1 inches per hour. These are Hydrologic Soil Group D soils"> '''low permeability soils'''</span> | + | *<span title="Water held temporarily, typically in a constructed pond, above the permanent (dead storage) pool"> '''live storage'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="A soil with roughly equal proportions of clay, silt, and sand"> '''loam'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The slope spanning the length of a body"> '''longitudinal slope'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Systems and practices that use or mimic natural processes that result in the infiltration, evapotranspiration or use of stormwater in order to protect water quality and associated aquatic habitat."> '''low impact development (LID)'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Low permeability soils typically have low infiltration rates, less than 0.1 inches per hour. These are Hydrologic Soil Group D soils"> '''low permeability soils'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A lysimeter is a device or apparatus that measures water movement in the soil, edaphic or vadose zone."> '''lysimeter'''</span> | ||
==M== | ==M== | ||
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="A pore in soil of such size that water drains from it by gravity and is not held by capillary action"> '''macropore'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="A small covered opening in a floor, pavement, or other surface to allow a person to enter, especially an opening in a city street leading to a sewer."> '''manhole'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A manufactured treatment device (mtd) is a pre-fabricated stormwater treatment structure utilizing settling (sedimentation), filtration, absorptive/adsorptive materials, vortex separation, vegetative components, and/or other appropriate technology to remove pollutants from stormwater runoff. MTDs are typically proprietary devices."> '''manufactured treatment device'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Engineered media is a mixture of sand, fines (silt, clay), and organic matter utilized in stormwater practices, most frequently in bioretention practices. The media is typically designed to have a rapid infiltration rate, attenuate pollutants, and allow for plant growth."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Design_criteria_for_bioretention#Materials_specifications_-_filter_media '''media''']</span> | *<span title="Engineered media is a mixture of sand, fines (silt, clay), and organic matter utilized in stormwater practices, most frequently in bioretention practices. The media is typically designed to have a rapid infiltration rate, attenuate pollutants, and allow for plant growth."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Design_criteria_for_bioretention#Materials_specifications_-_filter_media '''media''']</span> | ||
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="Characterized by, relating to, or requiring a moderate amount of moisture a mesic habitat"> '''mesic'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="The middle layer of the pericarp of a fruit, between the endocarp and the exocarp"> '''mesocarp'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Mesotrophic lakes contain moderate amounts of nutrients, and contain healthy, diverse populations of aquatic plants, algae, and fish."> '''mesotrophic'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A microclimate (or micro-climate) is a local set of atmospheric conditions that differ from those in the surrounding areas, often with a slight difference but sometimes with a substantial one. The term may refer to areas as small as a few square meters or square feet (for example a garden bed or a cave) or as large as many square kilometers or square miles."> '''microclimate'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A tool to simulate natural processes and estimate the expected volume, rate, or quality of stormwater"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Introduction_to_stormwater_modeling '''model''']</span> | ||
*moderate to steep slopes | *moderate to steep slopes | ||
| + | *<span title="The localized temporary rise in the groundwater surface below an area of infiltration"> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Stormwater_infiltration_and_groundwater_mounding mounding]'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A municipal separate storm sewer system (MS4) is a means of transportation, individually or in a system, (e.g. roads with drainage systems, municipal streets, catch basins, curbs, gutters, ditches, man-made channels, storm drains, etc.) that are: owned or operated by a public entity (e.g. cities, townships, counties, military bases, hospitals, prison complexes, highway departments, universities, etc.) with jurisdiction over disposal of sewage, industrial wastes, stormwater, or other wastes. This includes special districts under State law (sewer, flood control, or drainage districts, etc.), an authorized Indian tribal organization, or a designated and approved management agency under section 208 of the Clean Water Act; designed or used for collecting or transporting stormwater; not a combined sewer; and not part of a publicly owned treatment works."> '''MS4'''</span> (Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System) | *<span title="A municipal separate storm sewer system (MS4) is a means of transportation, individually or in a system, (e.g. roads with drainage systems, municipal streets, catch basins, curbs, gutters, ditches, man-made channels, storm drains, etc.) that are: owned or operated by a public entity (e.g. cities, townships, counties, military bases, hospitals, prison complexes, highway departments, universities, etc.) with jurisdiction over disposal of sewage, industrial wastes, stormwater, or other wastes. This includes special districts under State law (sewer, flood control, or drainage districts, etc.), an authorized Indian tribal organization, or a designated and approved management agency under section 208 of the Clean Water Act; designed or used for collecting or transporting stormwater; not a combined sewer; and not part of a publicly owned treatment works."> '''MS4'''</span> (Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System) | ||
| − | *<span title="Mulch products are intended to reduce raindrop (splash) erosion, decrease sheet erosion, promote rain/snowmelt infiltration, increase soil moisture retention, regulate soil temperature, and in most cases, improve soil texture and increase organic matter. Mulch products include natural materials such as straw and other grasses, coconut fiber, and bark."> '''mulching'''</span> | + | *<span title="Mulch products are intended to reduce raindrop (splash) erosion, decrease sheet erosion, promote rain/snowmelt infiltration, increase soil moisture retention, regulate soil temperature, and in most cases, improve soil texture and increase organic matter. Mulch products include natural materials such as straw and other grasses, coconut fiber, and bark."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Erosion_prevention_practices_-_natural_and_synthetic_mulches '''mulching''']</span> |
==N== | ==N== | ||
| + | *<span title="A species that has been observed in the form of a naturally occurring and self-sustaining population in historical times. Non-natives do not meet this definition."> '''native species'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) addresses water pollution by regulating point sources that discharge pollutants to Waters of the United States (WOTUS)"> '''NPDES'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The biological oxidation of ammonia or ammonium to nitrite followed by the oxidation of the nitrite to nitrate."> '''nitrification'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A potent greenhouse gas emitted during agricultural and industrial activities, combustion of fossil fuels and solid waste, as well as during treatment of wastewater"> '''nitrous oxide'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Stormwater practices that are not permanent, physical devices or structures but that reduce pollutant loading. Examples include street sweeping, pollution prevention, education, impervious surface disconnection, and illicit discharge disconnection."> '''non-structural practice'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title=""Notice of Termination (NOT)" means the form (electronic or paper) required for terminating coverage under the Construction General permit. [Minn. R. 7090]"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=MN_CSW_Permit_Section_4_Termination_of_Coverage '''Notice of Termination''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The movement and exchange of organic and inorganic matter back into the production of matter. Examples include the nutrient, phosphorus, and carbon cycles."> '''nutrient cycling'''</span> | ||
==O== | ==O== | ||
| + | *<span title="A well used to observe changes in groundwater levels or groundwater quality over a period of time."> '''observation well'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A stormwater system in which part or all of the stormwater runoff is diverted from the primary treatment practice. Partial diversion is employed for bypass runoff, which is runoff in excess of the designed treatment volume of the practice. Full offline diversion is employed as a temporary means to divert all runoff from a stormwater practice, typically to avoid erosion of exposed soil or establishment of vegetation."> '''offline'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Open space consists of land that is undeveloped. Typically it will not contain buildings or other built structures. Many open spaces are accessible to the public. Open space generally consists of green space (land that is partly or completely covered with grass, trees, shrubs, or other vegetation). Abandoned parcels lacking structures may be considered open space, but it is generally more accurate to include these areas in the land use that existed prior to the parcel being vacant, or including it in adjacent land use categories."> '''open space'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Ordinary high water level means the boundary of waterbasins, watercourses, public waters, and public waters wetlands, and the ordinary high water level is an elevation delineating the highest water level that has been maintained for a sufficient period of time to leave evidence upon the landscape, commonly the point where the natural vegetation changes from predominantly aquatic to predominantly terrestrial; for watercourses, the ordinary high water level is the elevation of the top of the bank of the channel; and for reservoirs and flowages, the ordinary high water level is the operating elevation of the normal summer pool."> [https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/waters/surfacewater_section/hydrographics/ohw.html '''ordinary high water level''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Carbon-based compounds, originally derived from living organisms"> '''organic material'''</span> | ||
*<span title="An outfall is defined as any point where a separate storm sewer system discharges to either Water of the United States or to another MS4. Outfalls include discharges from pipes, ditches swales, and other points of concentrated flow"> '''outfall'''</span> | *<span title="An outfall is defined as any point where a separate storm sewer system discharges to either Water of the United States or to another MS4. Outfalls include discharges from pipes, ditches swales, and other points of concentrated flow"> '''outfall'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Prevention of flood damage to conveyance systems and infrastructure and reduction of minor flooding caused by an increased frequency and magnitude of floods exceeding the bankful capacity of a channel and spilling out over the floodplain."> '''[http://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/Overbank_flood_protection_criteria_%28Vp10%29 overbank flood protection]'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The movement of water over the land, downslope toward a surface water body."> '''overland flow'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species. An oxidation-reduction reaction is any chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a molecule, atom, or ion changes by gaining or losing an electron"> '''oxidation-reduction reaction'''</span> | ||
| − | == | + | ==Pa-Pm== |
| − | *<span title="Temporary structural stormwater BMPs that surround and contain a site of exposed soil to prevent sediments from leaving the site."> '''perimeter control'''</span> | + | *<span title="Program for Predicting Polluting Particle Passage through Pits, Puddles & Ponds, is a physically-based stormwater quality model developed by William Walker to predict the generation and transport of stormwater runoff pollutants in urban watershed"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Available_stormwater_models_and_selecting_a_model#P8 '''P8''']</span> |
| + | *<span title="An index (means of expression) indicating what sizes (particle size) of particles are present in what proportions (relative particle amount as a percentage where the total amount of particles is 100 %) in the sample particle group to be measured"> '''particle size distribution'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Phosphorus attached to solids (mineral and organic)"> '''particulate phosphorus'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air. Some particles, such as dust, dirt, soot, or smoke, are large or dark enough to be seen with the naked eye. Others are so small they can only be detected using an electron microscope."> '''particulate matter (air)'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Materials not dissolved in water"> '''particulate matter (water)'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Peds are aggregates of soil particles formed as a result of pedogenic processes; this natural organization of particles forms discrete units separated by pores or voids."> '''ped'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A microbe or microorganism such as a virus, bacterium, prion, or fungus that causes disease in humans."> '''pathogen'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years"> '''perennial'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A perennial stream or perennial river is a stream or river (channel) that has continuous flow in parts of its stream bed all year round during years of normal rainfall"> '''perennial stream'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A performance goal specifies what level of stormwater treatment must be achieved"> '''performance goal'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Temporary structural stormwater BMPs that surround and contain a site of exposed soil to prevent sediments from leaving the site."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Sediment_control_practices_-_Perimeter_controls_for_disturbed_areas '''perimeter control''']</span> | ||
*permanent cover | *permanent cover | ||
| − | *permanent stormwater management | + | *<span title="a constant or permanent pool of water maintained in a constructed pond or wetland, designed to allow suspended particles to settle by gravitation"> '''permanent pool'''</span> |
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="Stormwater management practice that will be operational after the land disturbing activities are completed"> '''permanent stormwater management'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="Permeable pavements allow stormwater runoff to filter through surface voids into an underlying stone reservoir for temporary storage and/or infiltration. The most commonly used permeable pavement surfaces are pervious concrete, porous asphalt, and permeable interlocking concrete pavers (PICP)."> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Permeable_pavement permeable pavement]'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="a subsurface emplacement of reactive materials through which a dissolved contaminant plume must move as it flows. Treated water exits the other side of the permeable barrier. This method may utilize bilogical or chemical methods for pollutant removal."> '''permeable reactive barrier'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The permeameter is a laboratory tool to measure the saturated permeability, or K-factor, of soil samples."> '''permeameter'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The Phase I program for MS4s requires operators of “medium” and “large” MS4s, that is, those that generally serve populations of 100,000 or greater, to implement a stormwater management program as a means to control polluted discharges from these MS4s"> '''Phase 1'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The Stormwater Phase II Rule extends coverage of the NPDES stormwater program to certain “small” MS4s but takes a slightly different approach to how the stormwater management program is developed and implemented."> '''Phase 2'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Models based on an understanding of the physics of the hydrological processes"> '''physically-based model'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Heavy stakes or posts installed to support the foundations of a superstructure"> '''pilings'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="In plug flow, the velocity of the fluid is assumed to be constant across any cross-sectional area perpendicular to the direction of flow."> '''plug flow'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Small-sized seedlings grown in trays from expanded polystyrene or polythene filled usually with a peat or compost substrate."> '''plugs'''</span> | ||
*point of discharge | *point of discharge | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Pn-Pz== | ||
| + | *<span title="Any practice that reduces, eliminates, or prevents pollution at its source"> '''pollution prevention'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A class of chemicals that occur naturally in coal, crude oil, and gasoline. They also are produced when coal, oil, gas, wood, garbage, and tobacco are burned."> '''polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Polymers are large molecules, or macromolecules, composed of many repeated subunits. For water treatment, they are used as coagulants and may be cationic, anionic, or neutral, depending on the desired treatment."> '''polymer'''</span> | *<span title="Polymers are large molecules, or macromolecules, composed of many repeated subunits. For water treatment, they are used as coagulants and may be cationic, anionic, or neutral, depending on the desired treatment."> '''polymer'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. empty) spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%."> '''porosity (f)'''</span> | *<span title="Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. empty) spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%."> '''porosity (f)'''</span> | ||
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="The rigid concrete layer of the pavement structure that is in direct contact with the traffic."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Types_of_permeable_pavement '''Portland cement concrete'''] </span> |
| − | *<span title="The Prairie du Chien aquifer is the principle aquifer used for drinking water supply in southeast Minnesota. It consists primarily of dolomite. In most areas it is overlain by the St. Peter sandstone, which often acts as a confining bedrock unit. The Jordan sandstone underlies the Prairie du Chien and comprises an important aquifer. The Prairie du Chien and Jordan aquifers are often treated as a single aquifer."> '''Prairie du Chien formation''' | + | *<span title="The Prairie du Chien aquifer is the principle aquifer used for drinking water supply in southeast Minnesota. It consists primarily of dolomite. In most areas it is overlain by the St. Peter sandstone, which often acts as a confining bedrock unit. The Jordan sandstone underlies the Prairie du Chien and comprises an important aquifer. The Prairie du Chien and Jordan aquifers are often treated as a single aquifer."> '''Prairie du Chien formation'''</span> |
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="The process of planning and applying fire to a predetermined area, under specific environmental conditions, to achieve a desired outcome"> '''Prescribed burning'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="A condition that assumes the land has undergone essentially no change since before settlement. In this case, a meadow or woodland in good condition is commonly used to portray a “natural” condition.> '''pre-settlement'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Pretreatment reduces maintenance and prolongs the lifespan of structural stormwater BMPs by removing trash, debris, organic materials, coarse sediments, and associated pollutants prior to entering structural stormwater BMPs. Implementing pretreatment devices also improves aesthetics by capturing debris in focused or hidden areas. Pretreatment practices include settling devices, screens, and pretreatment vegetated filter strips."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Pretreatment '''pretreatment''']</span> | *<span title="Pretreatment reduces maintenance and prolongs the lifespan of structural stormwater BMPs by removing trash, debris, organic materials, coarse sediments, and associated pollutants prior to entering structural stormwater BMPs. Implementing pretreatment devices also improves aesthetics by capturing debris in focused or hidden areas. Pretreatment practices include settling devices, screens, and pretreatment vegetated filter strips."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Pretreatment '''pretreatment''']</span> | ||
| − | *<span title="a pre-fabricated stormwater treatment structure utilizing settling, filtration, absorptive/adsorptive materials, vortex separation, vegetative components, and/or other appropriate technology to remove pollutants from storm runoff."> '''proprietary structures'''</span> | + | *<span title="Pre-wetting of salt is a process of coating, or treating, the dry material with a liquid."> '''pre-wetting'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="Treatment practices capable of providing high levels of water quality treatment as stand-alone devices. Examples include sedimentation ponds, bioretention, sand filters, and permeable pavement."> '''primary treatment practice'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A pre-fabricated stormwater treatment structure utilizing settling, filtration, absorptive/adsorptive materials, vortex separation, vegetative components, and/or other appropriate technology to remove pollutants from storm runoff."> '''proprietary structures'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A constructed conveyance designed to drain land and to collect water quickly and efficiently"> '''public ditch'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Public waters means public waters that are on the public waters inventory as provided in section 103G.201"> [https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/103G.201 '''public water''']</span> | ||
==Q== | ==Q== | ||
| + | *<span title="QA/QC is the combination of quality assurance, the process or set of processes used to measure and assure the quality of a product, and quality control, the process of ensuring products and services meet consumer expectations."> '''QA/QC'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A Quality Assurance Project Plan, or QAPP, is a written document outlining the procedures a monitoring project will use to ensure the data it collects and analyzes meets project requirements."> '''Quality Assurance Project Plan'''</span> | ||
==R== | ==R== | ||
| − | *<span title="Loose stone used to form a foundation for a breakwater to reduce potential for soil erosion."> '''riprap'''</span> | + | *<span title="Manner in which the depth of rainfall varies in space and time"> '''rainfall distribution'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="The Rational Method is a simple hydrologic calculation of peak flow based on drainage area, rainfall intensity, and a non-dimensional runoff coefficient. The peak flow is calculated as the rainfall intensity in inches per hour multiplied by the runoff coefficient and the drainage area in acres. The peak flow, Q, is calculated in cubic feet per second (cfs) as Q = CiA where C is the runoff coefficient, i is the rainfall intensity, and A is the drainage area. A conversion factor of 1.008 is necessary to convert acre-inches per hour to cfs, but this is typically not used. This method is best used only for simple approximations of peak flow from small watersheds."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=The_Simple_Method_for_estimating_phosphorus_export '''Rational Method''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The recurrence interval (sometimes called the return period) is based on the probability that the given event will be equaled or exceeded for a specific time period (e.g. one year)."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Rainfall_frequency_maps '''recurrence interval''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="redoximorphic refers to the reduction and oxidation chemical reactions and the resulting appearance or morphology of the soil horizon"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Identifying_and_characterizing_redoximorphic_features_in_soils_and_soil_borings '''redoximorphic''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A stream, river, lake, ocean, or other surface or groundwaters into which treated or untreated wastewater is discharged"> '''receiving water'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Use of more than one BMP to provide additional treatment or protection"> '''redundant'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Pollutant removal efficiency, usually represented by a percentage, specifically refers to the pollutant reduction from the inflow to the outflow of a system"> '''removal efficiency'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Residential land use means any real property or portion thereof which is used for housing human beings. This term includes property used for schools, day care centers, nursing homes, or other residential-style facilities or recreational areas"> '''residential land use'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A renewed suspension of insoluble particles after they have been precipitated"> '''resuspension'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A riparian zone or riparian area is the interface between land and a river or stream. Plant habitats and communities along the river margins and banks are called riparian vegetation, characterized by hydrophilic plants."> '''riparian zone'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Loose stone used to form a foundation for a breakwater to reduce potential for soil erosion."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Erosion_prevention_practices_-_Riprap '''riprap''']</span> | ||
*<span =title"Riprap is a permanent layer of large, angular stone, cobbles, or boulders that is typically used to armor, stabilize, and protect the soil surface against erosion and scour in areas of concentrated flow or wave energy."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Erosion_prevention_practices_-_Riprap '''riprap''']</span> | *<span =title"Riprap is a permanent layer of large, angular stone, cobbles, or boulders that is typically used to armor, stabilize, and protect the soil surface against erosion and scour in areas of concentrated flow or wave energy."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Erosion_prevention_practices_-_Riprap '''riprap''']</span> | ||
*rock armored | *rock armored | ||
*<span title="Rock riffles are designed to mimic a natural pool upstream of the installed riffle. The riffle serves to reduce upstream slope and velocity. The channel is stabilized by the riffle at the point where velocity increases. Rock riffles also improve fish habitat by increasing downstream oxygen level"> '''rock riffle'''</span> | *<span title="Rock riffles are designed to mimic a natural pool upstream of the installed riffle. The riffle serves to reduce upstream slope and velocity. The channel is stabilized by the riffle at the point where velocity increases. Rock riffles also improve fish habitat by increasing downstream oxygen level"> '''rock riffle'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The draining away of water (or substances carried in it) from the surface of an area of land, a building or structure, etc."> '''runoff'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The runoff coefficient (C) is a dimensionless coefficient relating the amount of runoff to the amount of precipitation received. It is a larger value for areas with low infiltration and high runoff (pavement, steep gradient), and lower for permeable, well vegetated areas (forest, flat land)."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Runoff_coefficients_for_5_to_10_year_storms '''runoff coefficient''']</span> | ||
| − | == | + | ==Sa-Sn== |
| + | *<span title="Particles with a diameter of between 0.075 and 4.75 millimeters (ASTM basis). Sand is commonly divided into five sub-categories based on size: very fine sand (1/16 - 1/8 mm), fine sand (1/8 mm - 1/4 mm), medium sand (1/4 mm - 1/2 mm), coarse sand (1/2 mm - 1 mm), and very coarse sand (1 mm - 2 mm)."> '''sand'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Filtration of stormwater through a sand filtering material whose purpose is to remove pollution from runoff"> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Filtration sand filter]'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="An underground pipe or tunnel system for transporting sewage from houses and commercial buildings (but not stormwater) to treatment facilities or disposal."> '''sanitary sewer'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Scour holes are areas where removal of underwater bed material has taken place, and are caused by current or wave activity impinging upon a structure-face"> '''scour hole'''</span> | *<span title="Scour holes are areas where removal of underwater bed material has taken place, and are caused by current or wave activity impinging upon a structure-face"> '''scour hole'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Forceful removal of soil or other material by flowing water"> '''scouring'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Pretreatment screens are small catch basins or conveyance trenches in which screening is the primary mechanism of pollutant removal. These pretreatment devices use a perforated plate or mesh screen to separate and collect sediment, trash, debris and organic material as runoff passes over or through them."> '''screen'''</span> (for pretreatment) | *<span title="Pretreatment screens are small catch basins or conveyance trenches in which screening is the primary mechanism of pollutant removal. These pretreatment devices use a perforated plate or mesh screen to separate and collect sediment, trash, debris and organic material as runoff passes over or through them."> '''screen'''</span> (for pretreatment) | ||
| − | *<span title="practices | + | *<span title="An opaque disk, typically white, used to gauge the transparency of water by measuring the depth ( Secchi depth ) at which the disk ceases to be visible from the surface."> '''Secchi disk'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="A sediment basin is a temporary pond built on a construction site to capture eroded or disturbed soil that is washed off during rain storms, and protect the water quality of a nearby stream, river, lake, or bay. The sediment-laden soil settles in the pond before the runoff is discharged."> '''sediment basin'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Sediment traps and basins are settling ponds formed by excavation and/or an embankment"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Sediment_control_practices_-_Sediment_traps_and_basins '''sediment trap''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="practices designed to prevent or minimize loss of eroded soil at a site"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Sediment_control_practices '''sediment control''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Sedimentation is the process by which solids are removed from the water column by settling. Sedimentation practices include dry ponds, wet ponds, wet vaults, and other devices."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Stormwater_sedimentation_Best_Management_Practices '''sedimentation''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="to remove or withdraw"> '''sequester'''</span> | ||
*settling ponds | *settling ponds | ||
*<span title="Pretreatment settling devices are flow-through structures or devices, proprietary or non-proprietary, above or below ground, where settling is the primary mechanism of pollutant removal. Some of these devices also provide treatment in addition to settling by utilizing a variety of mechanisms to separate and capture pollutant-laden material."> '''settling device'''</span> (for pretreatment) | *<span title="Pretreatment settling devices are flow-through structures or devices, proprietary or non-proprietary, above or below ground, where settling is the primary mechanism of pollutant removal. Some of these devices also provide treatment in addition to settling by utilizing a variety of mechanisms to separate and capture pollutant-laden material."> '''settling device'''</span> (for pretreatment) | ||
*<span title="The amount of time it takes for a sediment suspended in liquid to sink and collect at the bottom."> '''settling time'''</span> | *<span title="The amount of time it takes for a sediment suspended in liquid to sink and collect at the bottom."> '''settling time'''</span> | ||
| − | * | + | *<span title="The rate at which suspended solids subside and are deposited."> '''settling velocity'''</span> |
*<span title="Sites with shallow bedrock are defined as having bedrock within 6 feet or less of the ground surface. Shallow bedrock is found in many portions of the state, but is a particular problem in the northeastern region."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Shallow_soils_and_shallow_depth_to_bedrock '''shallow depth to bedrock''']</span> | *<span title="Sites with shallow bedrock are defined as having bedrock within 6 feet or less of the ground surface. Shallow bedrock is found in many portions of the state, but is a particular problem in the northeastern region."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Shallow_soils_and_shallow_depth_to_bedrock '''shallow depth to bedrock''']</span> | ||
*<span title="Shallow groundwater is a condition where the seasonal high groundwater table, or saturated soil, is less than 3 feet from the land surface. There is a large portion of the state (more than 50 percent) where the seasonal high water table is located less than 3 feet from the surface."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Shallow_groundwater '''Shallow soils''']</span> | *<span title="Shallow groundwater is a condition where the seasonal high groundwater table, or saturated soil, is less than 3 feet from the land surface. There is a large portion of the state (more than 50 percent) where the seasonal high water table is located less than 3 feet from the surface."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Shallow_groundwater '''Shallow soils''']</span> | ||
| − | *sheet flows | + | *<span title="Water, usually storm runoff, flowing in a thin layer over the ground surface. A synonym is overland flow."> '''sheet flow'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="Sheet piles are sections of sheet materials with interlocking edges that are driven into the ground to provide earth retention and excavation"> '''sheet pile'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A condition that occurs when water flows along a nearly direct pathway from the inlet to the outlet of a tank or basin, often resulting in shorter contact, reaction, or settling times in comparison with the calculated or presumed detention times."> '''short-circuiting'''</span> | ||
*side slope | *side slope | ||
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="Fine-grained soil particles with a diameter between 0.002 mm and 0.075 mm (ASTM basis)."> '''silt'''</span> |
| − | *<span title="A temporary sediment control device used on construction sites to protect water quality in nearby streams, rivers, lakes and seas from sediment (loose soil) in stormwater runoff."> '''silt fence'''</span> | + | *<span title="Turbidity curtains, silt curtains, silt screens, silt barriers, or turbidity barriers, as they are sometimes called, are floating barriers used in marine construction, dredging, and remediation projects to control the silt and sediment in a body of water."> '''silt curtain'''</span> |
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="A temporary sediment control device used on construction sites to protect water quality in nearby streams, rivers, lakes and seas from sediment (loose soil) in stormwater runoff."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Sediment_control_practices_-_Perimeter_controls_for_disturbed_areas '''silt fence''']</span> |
| + | *<span title="A cavity in the ground, especially in limestone bedrock, caused by water erosion and providing a route for surface water to disappear underground."> '''sinkhole'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Separation distance is defined as the distance from the closest point of a Best Management Practice (BMP) to the particular feature being considered."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Stormwater_infiltration_and_setback_(separation)_distances '''Site Location / Minimum Setbacks''']</span> | *<span title="Separation distance is defined as the distance from the closest point of a Best Management Practice (BMP) to the particular feature being considered."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Stormwater_infiltration_and_setback_(separation)_distances '''Site Location / Minimum Setbacks''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Sizing refers to the physical dimensions of a stormwater treatment practice or device needed to meet a water quality or quantity goal. For example, stormwater BMPs may be sized to treat a volume of runoff, a flow rate, or to meet a pollutant removal target."> '''sizing'''</span> | ||
*<span title="a device to retain or remove floatables (e.g. oil) from water"> '''skimmer'''</span> | *<span title="a device to retain or remove floatables (e.g. oil) from water"> '''skimmer'''</span> | ||
| − | *<span title=" | + | |
| + | ==So-Sz== | ||
| + | *<span title="The ability of the solid surfaces of soil to take up various substances with which they are in contact.> '''soil adsorption'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Sodium adsorption ratio is a measure of the amount of sodium (Na) relative to calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in the water extract from saturated soil paste.> '''sodium adsorption ratio'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Soil aggregates are groups of soil particles that bind to each other more strongly than to adjacent particles. The space between the aggregates provide pore space for retention and exchange of air and water."> '''soil aggregation'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The compression of soil particles into a smaller volume, which reduces the size of pore space available for air and water."> '''soil compaction'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Soil consistency is the strength with which soil materials are held together or the resistance of soils to deformation and rupture"> '''soil consistence'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The wearing away of a field's topsoil by the natural physical forces of water and wind"> '''soil erosion'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Soil health is an assessment of how well soil performs all of its functions now and how those functions are being preserved for future use."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Assessing_soil_health_and_function '''soil health''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="SLVs are compound-specific, risk-based screening criteria developed by the MPCA to evaluate risks posed to groundwater by soil leaching. The SLV is an estimation of the unsaturated soil contaminant concentration for a given compound above which may result in groundwater contamination in excess of chemical-specific drinking water criteria.> '''[https://www.pca.state.mn.us/sites/default/files/c-r1-04.pdf Soil Leaching Value (SLV)]'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The total amount of water a soil can hold at field capacity."> '''soil moisture holding capacity (gravity drained water)'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The organic matter component of soil, consisting of plant and animal residues at various stages of decomposition, cells and tissues of soil organisms, and substances synthesized by soil organisms"> '''soil organic matter'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Soil quality is the capacity of a specific kind of soil to function, within natural or managed ecosystem boundaries, to sustain plant and animal productivity, maintain or enhance water and air quality, and support human health and habitation."> '''soil quality'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="SRVs are numerical values representing the amount of a chemical in soil that is safe for people who use a site. These values are determined using calculations provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).> '''[https://www.pca.state.mn.us/sites/default/files/c-r1-12.pdf Soil Reference Values (SRVs)]''' | ||
| + | *<span title="Temporary and permanent covers to stabilize soils and prevent erosion"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Construction_stormwater_best_management_practice_%E2%80%93_Site_stabilization '''soil stabilization''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Soil structure describes the arrangement of the solid parts of the soil and of the pore space located between them. It is determined by how individual soil granules clump, bind together, and aggregate, resulting in the arrangement of soil pores between them."> '''soil structure'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Soil texture (such as loam, sandy loam or clay) refers to the proportion of sand, silt and clay sized particles that make up the mineral fraction of the soil."> '''soil texture'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A soil type is a taxonomic unit in soil science. All soils that share a certain set of well-defined properties form a distinctive soil type."> '''soil type'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The moisture content of soil is described as the ratio of the mass of water held in the soil to the dry soil. The mass of water is determined by the difference before and after drying the soil. Water content may also be expressed on a volume basis if the bulk density is known.> '''soil water (moisture) content'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Able to be dissolved, especially in water"> '''soluble'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="an instrument probe that automatically transmits information about its surroundings underground, under water, in the atmosphere, etc."> '''sonde'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Absorption and adsorption considered as a single process"> '''sorption'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Waters with qualities that warrant extra protection"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Construction_stormwater_program#Special_Waters_and_Impaired_Waters '''special water''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a standard, usually water for a liquid or solid, and air for a gas"> '''specific gravity'''</span> | ||
*<span title="An Emergency Response Plan defines the actions taken in the initial minutes of an emergency, such as a spill of hazardous material (e.g. gasoline)."> '''spill response plan'''</span> | *<span title="An Emergency Response Plan defines the actions taken in the initial minutes of an emergency, such as a spill of hazardous material (e.g. gasoline)."> '''spill response plan'''</span> | ||
*spillway | *spillway | ||
| − | *steep slopes | + | *<span title="A set of step-by-step instructions to help workers carry out complex routine operations. SOPs aim to achieve efficiency, quality output and uniformity of performance, while reducing miscommunication and failure to comply with industry regulations."> '''standard operating procedure'''</span> |
| − | *<span title="a pit or hollow in which liquid collects"> '''sump'''</span> | + | *<span title="The definition of a steep slope is somewhat arbitrary and depends on the context and other site characteristics, such as soil type and vegetative cover. Slopes greater than 12 percent are considered highly erodible, while slopes greater than 18% are often considered severe"> '''steep slopes'''</span> |
| − | *<span title="A catch basin | + | *<span title="A stockpile is a pile or storage location for bulk materials, forming part of the bulk material handling process."> '''stockpile'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="A step pool is a designed feature that is intended to reduce, treat, and, in some cases, infiltrate higher velocity stormwater.">'''step pool'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The force required to move a sphere through a given viscous fluid at a low uniform velocity is directly proportional to the velocity and radius of the sphere."> '''Stoke's Law'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A technique, measure, or structural control that is used for a given set of conditions to manage the quantity and improve the quality of stormwater runoff in the most cost-effective manner (US EPA)."> '''stormwater control measure'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A stormwater conveyance channel is a permanent waterway, designed to convey stormwater runoff."> '''stormwater conveyance channel'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Stormwater Hotspots (PSHs) are activities or practices that have the potential to produce relatively high levels of stormwater pollutants"> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Potential_stormwater_hotspots stormwater hotspot]'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Stormwater wetlands are similar in design to stormwater ponds and mainly differ by their variety of water depths and associated vegetative complex."> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Stormwater_wetlands stormwater wetland]'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A stationary and permanent BMP that is designed, constructed and operated to prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants in stormwater"> '''structural stormwater BMP'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A system that treats wastewater for one specific residence. Wastewater includes all bathroom, kitchen, and laundry water."> '''subsurface sewage treatment system (SSTS)'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="an inert impermeable waxy substance present in the cell walls of corky tissues"> '''suberin'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A pit or hollow in which liquid collects"> '''sump'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A catch basin with a sump that allows solids, trash and debris to settle out to the bottom of the basin, below an outlet pipe that allows water to flow out of the structure"> '''sump manhole'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Surface roughness often shortened to roughness, is a component of surface texture. It is quantified by the deviations in the direction of the normal vector of a real surface from its ideal form. If these deviations are large, the surface is rough; if they are small, the surface is smooth."> '''surface roughness'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Small solid particles which remain in suspension in water as a colloid or due to the motion of the water, suspended solids can be removed by the sedimentation because of their comparatively large size."> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Total_Suspended_Solids_(TSS)_in_stormwater suspended solids]'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Are configured as shallow, linear channels. They typically have vegetative cover such as turf or native perennial grasses"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Dry_swale_(Grass_swale) '''swale''']</span> | ||
*<span title="Stormwater pollution prevention plan."> '''SWPPP'''</span> | *<span title="Stormwater pollution prevention plan."> '''SWPPP'''</span> | ||
==T== | ==T== | ||
| + | *<span title="Tackifiers and soil stabilizers are hydraulically applied chemicals derived from natural and synthetic sources used to promote adhesion among soil particles or mulch materials"> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Erosion_prevention_practices_-_tackifiers_and_soil_stabilizers tackifier]'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="a class of astringent, polyphenolic biomolecules that bind to and precipitate proteins and various other organic compounds including amino acids and alkaloids. They are widely distributed in many species of plants, where they play a role in protection from predation (including as pesticides) and might help in regulating plant growth."> '''tannins'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Tax increment is a public financing tool authorized by State law that allows the City/EDA to capture and use most of the increased local property tax revenues created by the value of the new project, within a defined geographic area for a defined period of time to help finance projects.> '''tax increment financing'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Erosion_prevention_practices_-_temporary_seeding_and_stabilization"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Erosion_prevention_practices_-_temporary_seeding_and_stabilization '''temporary seeding''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The time needed for water to flow from the most remote point in a watershed to the watershed outlet. It is a function of the topography, geology, and land use within the watershed."> '''time of concentration'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The amount of a pollutant from both point and nonpoint sources that a waterbody can receive and still meet water quality standards"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Total_Maximum_Daily_Loads_(TMDLs) '''total maximum daily load''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The sum of all forms of phosphorus (particulate and dissolved)"> '''total phosphorus'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Transmissivity describes the ability of a media to transmit water throughout its entire saturated thickness"> '''transmissivity'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The loss of water as vapor from plants at their surfaces, primarily through stomata."> '''transpiration'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A sturdy cage-like stormwater filtration structure that keeps large debris and trash out of stormwater systems and waterways."> '''trash rack'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="This land use includes major transportation corridors where the land use is exclusively transportation. These areas are typically highly impervious and may include only small vegetated areas consisting of swales or medians, and relatively small right-of-way areas. This land use does not include arterial streets in residential, commercial, and industrial areas."> '''transportation land use'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A quadrilateral with only one pair of parallel sides"> '''trapezoid'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Groundwater travel time is the time it takes for water to move horizontally from one location to another. Travel times are typically calculated using Darcy's equation."> '''travel time'''</span> | *<span title="Groundwater travel time is the time it takes for water to move horizontally from one location to another. Travel times are typically calculated using Darcy's equation."> '''travel time'''</span> | ||
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="A practice, device or structure designed to treat stormwater runoff (i.e. remove pollutants from stormwater). These include structural practices such as rain gardens, and non-strutural practices such as street sweeping."> '''treatment practice'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="Multiple BMPs that work together to remove pollutants utilizing combinations of hydraulic, physical, biological, and chemical methods"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Using_the_treatment_train_approach_to_BMP_selection '''treatment train''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span Title="Tree box filters are widely deployed as stormwater treatment BMPs, normally in stand-alone applications, however can also be used as pretreatment for infiltration, rainwater harvesting, and detention."> '''tree box'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A tree inventory is a record of location and characteristics of individual trees and, sometimes, characteristics of their environs, within a defined geographic area. For municipalities, tree inventories typically include street trees and trees in parks or other municipally owned properties."> '''tree inventory'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A tree trench, often known as a "vertical rain garden," is a system that consists of piping for water storage, structural soils and a tree."> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Trees tree trench]'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A business concept that posits firms should commit to measuring their social and environmental impact—in addition to their financial performance—rather than solely focusing on generating profit"> '''triple bottom line'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Turbidity is the cloudiness of a fluid caused by individual particles that are generally invisible to the naked eye. Turbid water has a large number of particles suspended in water and therefore appears cloudy."> '''turbid'''</span> | *<span title="Turbidity is the cloudiness of a fluid caused by individual particles that are generally invisible to the naked eye. Turbid water has a large number of particles suspended in water and therefore appears cloudy."> '''turbid'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A dimensionless quantity that is used to quantify the drag or resistance of an object in a fluid environment, such as air or water. It is used in the drag equation in which a lower drag coefficient indicates the object will have less aerodynamic or hydrodynamic drag. The drag coefficient is always associated with a particular surface area."> '''turbulent drag'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Turf reinforcement mats (TRMs) are synthetic, non-degradable soil and seedbed covers of variable thickness designed to provide short-term protection against raindrop and wind erosion, permanent support for vegetation on slopes, and permanent armoring and vegetation support for ditches, swales, and channels."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Erosion_prevention_practices_-_turf_reinforcement_mats '''turf reinforcement mat''']</span> | ||
*<span title="Two-stage channel systems consist of an inset channel and small floodplain (benches) within the ditch confines. "> '''two-stage channel'''</span> | *<span title="Two-stage channel systems consist of an inset channel and small floodplain (benches) within the ditch confines. "> '''two-stage channel'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A rainfall distribution characterized by short duration, high intensity rainfall"> '''[https://www.hec.usace.army.mil/confluence/hmsdocs/hmstrm/precipitation/scs-storm Type 2 rain distribution]'''</span> | ||
==U== | ==U== | ||
*<span title="Highly urban and ultra-urban settings have a large percentage of impermeable surface and typically have limited space to install surface BMPs. An example would be a downtown area."> '''highly urban and ultra-urban environments'''</span> | *<span title="Highly urban and ultra-urban settings have a large percentage of impermeable surface and typically have limited space to install surface BMPs. An example would be a downtown area."> '''highly urban and ultra-urban environments'''</span> | ||
*<span title="An underground drain or trench with openings through which the water may percolate from the soil or ground above"> '''underdrain'''</span> | *<span title="An underground drain or trench with openings through which the water may percolate from the soil or ground above"> '''underdrain'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Movement of water beneath a structure, which can lead to erosion and undercutting of the structure"> '''under-draining'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A BMP that does not treat the full water quality volume"> '''undersized BMP'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A numerical expression of the variety in particle sizes in mixed natural soils, defined as the ratio of the sieve size through which 60% (by weight) of the material passes to the sieve size that allows 10% of the material to pass.> '''uniformity coefficient'''</span> | ||
==V== | ==V== | ||
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="The vadose zone is the variably saturated zone between the ground surface and the permanent water table of the groundwater."> '''vadose zone'''</span> |
| − | *<span title="Pretreatment vegetated filter strips are designed to provide sedimentation and screening (by vegetation) to treat stormwater runoff prior to entering a structural stormwater BMP. Pretreatment vegetated filter strips are especially effective at capturing excess sediment in stormwater runoff by settling solids. Pretreatment vegetated filter strips provide limited (due to size) volume reduction, peak flow reduction, infiltration, and biological treatment. Stormwater management processes not provided in pretreatment vegetated filter strips include filtration and sorption."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Overview_for_pretreatment_vegetated_filter_strips ''' | + | *<span title="Vanes are channel-spanning structures that provide grade control, dissipate energy, deflect stream flow to the center of the channel, and create pools"> '''vane weir structures'''</span> |
| − | *<span title="A shallow channel with sloping sides that is stabilized with vegetation to serve as a filtration device to capture sediments and transport water."> '''vegetated swale'''</span> | + | *<span title="Vegetative filtering is the removal of sediment, nutrients, or pollutants by plant structures"> '''vegetative filtering'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="Pretreatment vegetated filter strips are designed to provide sedimentation and screening (by vegetation) to treat stormwater runoff prior to entering a structural stormwater BMP. Pretreatment vegetated filter strips are especially effective at capturing excess sediment in stormwater runoff by settling solids. Pretreatment vegetated filter strips provide limited (due to size) volume reduction, peak flow reduction, infiltration, and biological treatment. Stormwater management processes not provided in pretreatment vegetated filter strips include filtration and sorption."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Overview_for_pretreatment_vegetated_filter_strips '''vegetated filter strip''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A shallow channel with sloping sides that is stabilized with vegetation to serve as a filtration device to capture sediments and transport water."> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Dry_swale_(Grass_swale) vegetated swale]'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate. "> '''viscosity'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have a high vapor pressure and are emitted as gases from certain solids or liquids."> '''volatile organic compounds'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Volatilization is the process whereby a dissolved sample is vaporised"> '''volatilization'''</span> | ||
==W== | ==W== | ||
| + | *<span title="Removal of sediment and pollutants by runoff on impermeable surfaces"> '''wash-off'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title"the removal or erosion of material captured by a stormwater device, typically a result of subsequent high flow volumes or rates or inadequate maintenance of the device"> '''washout'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The portion of a receiving water's assimilative capacity that is allocated to one of its existing or future point sources of pollution"> '''wasteload allocation'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle or the hydrological cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth."> '''water cycle'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The ability of a certain soil texture to physically hold water against the force of gravity"> '''water holding capacity'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Water quality standards (WQS) are provisions of state, territorial, authorized tribal or federal law approved by EPA that describe the desired condition of a water body and the means by which that condition will be protected or achieved."> '''water quality standard'''</span> | ||
*<span title="The volume of water that is treated by a BMP."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Water_quality_criteria '''Water Quality Volume''']</span> | *<span title="The volume of water that is treated by a BMP."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Water_quality_criteria '''Water Quality Volume''']</span> | ||
| − | *<span title="The water table is the upper surface of the zone of saturation. The zone of saturation is where the pores and fractures of the ground are saturated with water. ... Below the water table, in the phreatic zone (zone of saturation), layers of permeable rock that yield groundwater are called aquifers."> ''' | + | *<span title="The water table is the upper surface of the zone of saturation. The zone of saturation is where the pores and fractures of the ground are saturated with water. ... Below the water table, in the phreatic zone (zone of saturation), layers of permeable rock that yield groundwater are called aquifers."> '''water table'''</span> |
| − | *<span title="a low dam built across a river or body of flowing water to raise the level of water upstream or regulate its flow."> '''weir'''</span> | + | *<span title="A process, including a report, to identify and address threats to water quality in major watershed"> '''[https://www.pca.state.mn.us/water/watershed-approach-restoring-and-protecting-water-quality Watershed Restoration and Protection Strategy]'''</span> |
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="Wave energy (or wave power) is the transport and capture of energy by surface water waves"> '''wave energy'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="A low dam built across a river or body of flowing water to raise the level of water upstream or regulate its flow."> '''weir'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The surface and subsurface area surrounding a well or well field that supplies a public water system, through which contaminants are likely to move toward and reach the well or well field (Minnesota Statutes, section 103I.005, subdivision 24)."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Stormwater_and_wellhead_protection '''Wellhead Protection Areas''']</span> | ||
*<span title="A well log is a record of the measurements of the geologic material (e.g. soil, rocks) penetrated in drilling a well"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Understanding_and_interpreting_soils_and_soil_boring_reports_for_infiltration_BMPs '''well logs''']</span> | *<span title="A well log is a record of the measurements of the geologic material (e.g. soil, rocks) penetrated in drilling a well"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Understanding_and_interpreting_soils_and_soil_boring_reports_for_infiltration_BMPs '''well logs''']</span> | ||
| − | *<span title=" | + | *<span title="A stormwater retention basin that includes a combination of permanent pool storage and extended detention storage above the permanent pool to provide additional water quality or rate control"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Stormwater_ponds '''wet pond''']</span> |
*wet storage | *wet storage | ||
*<span title="Wet swales occur when the water table is located very close to the surface or water does not readily drain out of the swale. A wet swale acts as a very long and linear shallow biofiltration or linear wetland treatment system."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Wet_swale_(wetland_channel) '''wet swale''']</span> | *<span title="Wet swales occur when the water table is located very close to the surface or water does not readily drain out of the swale. A wet swale acts as a very long and linear shallow biofiltration or linear wetland treatment system."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Wet_swale_(wetland_channel) '''wet swale''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The interface between soil that is unchanged from the initial state and the newly wetted zone from an infiltration or irrigation event."> '''wetting front'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The wilting point, also called the permanent wilting point, may be defined as the amount of water per unit weight or per unit soil bulk volume in the soil, expressed in percent, that is held so tightly by the soil matrix that roots cannot absorb this water and a plant will wilt."> '''wilting point'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A stormwater quality model developed for the USGS by John Voorhees and Robert Pitt for evaluation of nonpoint pollution in urban areas. The model is based on field observations of grass swales, wet detention ponds, porous pavement, filter strips, cisterns and rain barrels, hydrodynamic settling devices, rain gardens/biofilters and street sweeping, as either other source area or outfall control practices. The focus of the model is on small storm hydrology and particulate washoff."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Available_stormwater_models_and_selecting_a_model#WinSLAMM '''WinSLAMM''']</span> | ||
==X== | ==X== | ||
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==Z== | ==Z== | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Level 2 - General information, reference, tables, images, and archives/Reference]] | ||
Latest revision as of 14:34, 22 January 2023
Hover boxes allow the user to hover over bolded text and see a definition for that text. If the bolded text is blue, there is a link to more information.
We have only begun to use them since June, 2019. When we modify older pages, we will incorporate hover boxes into updates.
This page lists standard definitions used in hover boxes throughout this manual. Hover your mouse over any bolded term and a definition will be displayed. This list will continue to expand as new terms are encountered. You'll note that some terms have not yet been defined (not bolded).
Contents
A
- active karst
- aggregate
- aggregation
- alum
- aliphatic
- aliquot
- anthropogenic
- antidegradation
- aquatic habitat
- armoring
- aromatic
- arterial roads
- anoxic
- as-built
- aspect
- available water capacity
B
- baffle
- bank stabilization
- baseflow
- baseline condition
- baseline year
- base saturation
- basin
- bathymetric survey
- berm
- best management practice
- Better Site Design
- biochar
- bioavailable
- biodegradation
- biofiltration
- bioinfiltration
- biological oxygen demand
- biomass
- bioreactor
- bioretention practice
- Bioswale
- biotic impairment
- blue-green infrastructure
- bmp lifespan
- bounce
- breakthrough
- brownfield
- Brushing
- buffer zones
- build-up
- bulk density
- bypass flow
Ca-Cl
- C-33 sand
- carbon sequestration
- catch basin
- catchment
- categorical wasteload allocation
- cation exchange capacity
- cellulose
- chain of custody
- channelized flow
- chemical oxygen demand
- check dam
- chelating agent
- cistern
- clay
- claypan
- Clean Water Act
- climate adaptation
Cm-Cz
- coagulation
- coarse sediment
- coarse texture
- cofferdam
- coir
- collector roadway
- combined sewer
- commercial land use
- compacted soil
- compost
- compost maturity
- concentrated flow
- concentrated stormwater runoff
- connected impervious
- conservation tillage
- continuous model
- contributing drainage area
- credit (stormwater credit)
- conventional roof
- crop rotation
- curb-cut
- curb bump-out
- curve number method
D
- dead storage
- deicing
- denitrification
- depression storage
- design flow
- design flow
- detention times
- design infiltration rate
- detritus
- dewatering
- dewatering device
- directly connected impervious
- dissolved oxygen
- dissolved phosphorus
- disconnected roof runoff
- Disturbed soils
- ditch checks
- drainage Area
- drawdown time
- Drinking Water Source Management Area (DWSMA),
- drip irrigation
- “drop waterfalls”
- dry storage
- dry swale
- dry weather flow
E
- earthen berm
- Earthen check dams
- ecoregion
- ecosystem services
- ecosystem values
- effluent
- electrical conductivity
- electron donor
- embankment
- emergent vegetation
- empirical model
- energy dissipation
- energy dissipation
- engineered media
- Emergency Response Area
- environmental justice
- ephemeral stream
- erosion control blankets
- erosion control mix
- erosion protection
- eutrophic
- evapotranspiration
- event mean concentration
- exchangeable ions
- exchangeable sodium percent
- export
- extensive green roofs
F
- feedstock
- fiber roll
- field capacity
- fill
- filter fabric
- filter strip
- filtration
- fine sand
- final stabilization
- fine textured soil
- first flush
- flash
- floatables
- flocculant
- flocculation
- flow path
- flow-through device
- flow-weighted mean concentration
- fluvial systems
- footprint
- forebay
- fractured flow
- functional group
G
- Geographic Information System (GIS)
- geometric mean
- geotextile
- Global Positioning System (GPS)
- grade
- grade control structures
- grass channel
- gray infrastructure
- green infrastructure
- green stormwater infrastructure
- green roof
- green space
- geotextile
- gross solids
- grubbing
H
- hardness
- harvest and reuse
- heat island
- herbaceous perennial
- herbivory
- High-density polyethylene
- highly urban and ultra-urban environments
- hopper
- hydraulic conductivity (k)
- hydraulic grade line
- hydraulic gradient (i),
- hydraulic head
- hydraulic model
- hydric
- hydrocarbon
- hydrodynamic separator
- hydrogeology
- hydrologic soil group
- hydrometer
- hydroseed
I
- illicit discharge
- impaired water
- impervious disconnection
- impermeable
- implementation plan
- incised stream
- industrial land use
- infiltration
- infiltration basin
- infiltration rate
- influent
- inlet structure
- instantaneous volume
- institutional land use
- integral curb
- intensive roof
- interception
- intercropping
- invasive species
- intermittent flow channel
- invert
- iron-enhanced sand filter
- irrigation demand
J
K
L
- large lot residential
- leaching
- level spreader
- lidar
- lignin
- live storage
- loam
- longitudinal slope
- low impact development (LID)
- low permeability soils
- lysimeter
M
- macropore
- manhole
- manufactured treatment device
- media
- mesic
- mesocarp
- mesotrophic
- microclimate
- model
- moderate to steep slopes
- mounding
- MS4 (Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System)
- mulching
N
- native species
- NPDES
- nitrification
- nitrous oxide
- non-structural practice
- Notice of Termination
- nutrient cycling
O
- observation well
- offline
- open space
- ordinary high water level
- organic material
- outfall
- overbank flood protection
- overland flow
- oxidation-reduction reaction
Pa-Pm
- P8
- particle size distribution
- particulate phosphorus
- particulate matter (air)
- particulate matter (water)
- ped
- pathogen
- perennial
- perennial stream
- performance goal
- perimeter control
- permanent cover
- permanent pool
- permanent stormwater management
- permeable pavement
- permeable reactive barrier
- permeameter
- Phase 1
- Phase 2
- physically-based model
- pilings
- plug flow
- plugs
- point of discharge
Pn-Pz
- pollution prevention
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- polymer
- porosity (f)
- Portland cement concrete
- Prairie du Chien formation
- Prescribed burning
- pre-settlement
- pretreatment
- pre-wetting
- primary treatment practice
- proprietary structures
- public ditch
- public water
Q
- QA/QC
- Quality Assurance Project Plan
R
- rainfall distribution
- Rational Method
- recurrence interval
- redoximorphic
- receiving water
- redundant
- removal efficiency
- residential land use
- resuspension
- riparian zone
- riprap
- riprap
- rock armored
- rock riffle
- runoff
- runoff coefficient
Sa-Sn
- sand
- sand filter
- sanitary sewer
- scour hole
- scouring
- screen (for pretreatment)
- Secchi disk
- sediment basin
- sediment trap
- sediment control
- sedimentation
- sequester
- settling ponds
- settling device (for pretreatment)
- settling time
- settling velocity
- shallow depth to bedrock
- Shallow soils
- sheet flow
- sheet pile
- short-circuiting
- side slope
- silt
- silt curtain
- silt fence
- sinkhole
- Site Location / Minimum Setbacks
- sizing
- skimmer
So-Sz
- soil adsorption
- sodium adsorption ratio
- soil aggregation
- soil compaction
- soil consistence
- soil erosion
- soil health
- Soil Leaching Value (SLV)
- soil moisture holding capacity (gravity drained water)
- soil organic matter
- soil quality
- Soil Reference Values (SRVs)
- soil stabilization
- soil structure
- soil texture
- soil type
- soil water (moisture) content
- soluble
- sonde
- sorption
- special water
- specific gravity
- spill response plan
- spillway
- standard operating procedure
- steep slopes
- stockpile
- step pool
- Stoke's Law
- stormwater control measure
- stormwater conveyance channel
- stormwater hotspot
- stormwater wetland
- structural stormwater BMP
- subsurface sewage treatment system (SSTS)
- suberin
- sump
- sump manhole
- surface roughness
- suspended solids
- swale
- SWPPP
T
- tackifier
- tannins
- tax increment financing
- temporary seeding
- time of concentration
- total maximum daily load
- total phosphorus
- transmissivity
- transpiration
- trash rack
- transportation land use
- trapezoid
- travel time
- treatment practice
- treatment train
- tree box
- tree inventory
- tree trench
- triple bottom line
- turbid
- turbulent drag
- turf reinforcement mat
- two-stage channel
- Type 2 rain distribution
U
- highly urban and ultra-urban environments
- underdrain
- under-draining
- undersized BMP
- uniformity coefficient
V
- vadose zone
- vane weir structures
- vegetative filtering
- vegetated filter strip
- vegetated swale
- viscosity
- volatile organic compounds
- volatilization
W
- wash-off
- washout
- wasteload allocation
- water cycle
- water holding capacity
- water quality standard
- Water Quality Volume
- water table
- Watershed Restoration and Protection Strategy
- wave energy
- weir
- Wellhead Protection Areas
- well logs
- wet pond
- wet storage
- wet swale
- wetting front
- wilting point
- WinSLAMM
X
Y
Z
This page was last edited on 22 January 2023, at 14:34.