Difference between revisions of "Hover box definitions"
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==A== | ==A== | ||
| + | *<span title="a terrain having distinctive landforms and hydrology created primarily from the dissolution of soluble rocks within 50 feet of the land surface [Minn. R. 7090]"> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Karst active karst]'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A broad category of coarse to medium grained particulate material used in construction, including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, recycled concrete and geosynthetic aggregates"> '''aggregate'''</span> | *<span title="A broad category of coarse to medium grained particulate material used in construction, including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, recycled concrete and geosynthetic aggregates"> '''aggregate'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Soil aggregation involves the binding together of several soil particles into secondary units"> '''aggregation'''</span> | *<span title="Soil aggregation involves the binding together of several soil particles into secondary units"> '''aggregation'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Alum, or aluminium sulfate, reacts with the bicarbonate alkalinities in water and forms a precipitate which attracts other fine particles and suspended material and settles out of the water column."> '''alum'''</span> | *<span title="Alum, or aluminium sulfate, reacts with the bicarbonate alkalinities in water and forms a precipitate which attracts other fine particles and suspended material and settles out of the water column."> '''alum'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched trains or non-aromatic rings."> '''aliphatic'''</span> | *<span title="A compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched trains or non-aromatic rings."> '''aliphatic'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="a portion of a larger whole, especially a sample taken for chemical analysis or other treatment."> '''aliquot'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Of, relating to, or resulting from the influence of human beings on nature"> '''anthropogenic'''</span> | *<span title="Of, relating to, or resulting from the influence of human beings on nature"> '''anthropogenic'''</span> | ||
*<span title="antidegradation means that no pollutant discharges or activities will be permitted if these may cause surface waters already meeting water quality standards to drop below those standards."> '''antidegradation'''</span> | *<span title="antidegradation means that no pollutant discharges or activities will be permitted if these may cause surface waters already meeting water quality standards to drop below those standards."> '''antidegradation'''</span> | ||
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*<span title="An aquatic environment lacking oxygen"> '''anoxic'''</span> | *<span title="An aquatic environment lacking oxygen"> '''anoxic'''</span> | ||
*<span title="As-built refers to a drawing that shows the existing dimensions and conditions of a stormwater structure or device."> '''as-built'''</span> | *<span title="As-built refers to a drawing that shows the existing dimensions and conditions of a stormwater structure or device."> '''as-built'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The direction in which a building, window, room, or sloping field faces, or the view that can be seen because of this direction"> '''aspect'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Available water capacity is the amount of water that a soil can store that is available for use by plants. It is the water held between field capacity and the wilting point adjusted downward for rock fragments and for salts in solution."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Soil_hydrologic_properties_and_processes '''available water capacity''']</span> | ||
==B== | ==B== | ||
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*<span title="A vegetative, structural or combination treatment of streams designed to stabilize the stream and reduce erosion."> '''bank stabilization'''</span> | *<span title="A vegetative, structural or combination treatment of streams designed to stabilize the stream and reduce erosion."> '''bank stabilization'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Baseflow (also called drought flow, groundwater recession flow, low flow, low-water flow, low-water discharge and sustained or fair-weather runoff) is the portion of streamflow delayed shallow subsurface flow".> '''baseflow'''</span> | *<span title="Baseflow (also called drought flow, groundwater recession flow, low flow, low-water flow, low-water discharge and sustained or fair-weather runoff) is the portion of streamflow delayed shallow subsurface flow".> '''baseflow'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The condition(s) existing at a defined point in time or the condition corresponding to a specified performance goal or target. Examples include but are not limited to initial conditions, expected performance (e.g. expected pollutant removal), or a point in time. Baseline condition provides a reference for comparison"> '''baseline condition'''</span> | ||
*<span title="The year from which stormwater practices can be credited toward meeting a total maximum daily load (TMDL) wasteload allocation (WLA)"> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Baseline_year baseline year]'''</span> | *<span title="The year from which stormwater practices can be credited toward meeting a total maximum daily load (TMDL) wasteload allocation (WLA)"> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Baseline_year baseline year]'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Base saturation is calculated as the percentage of CEC occupied by base cations (calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, hydrogen)> '''base saturation'''</span> | *<span title="Base saturation is calculated as the percentage of CEC occupied by base cations (calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, hydrogen)> '''base saturation'''</span> | ||
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*<span title="a level space, shelf, or raised barrier (usually made of compacted soil) separating two areas"> '''berm'''</span> | *<span title="a level space, shelf, or raised barrier (usually made of compacted soil) separating two areas"> '''berm'''</span> | ||
*<span title="One of many different structural or non–structural methods used to treat runoff"> '''best management practice'''</span> | *<span title="One of many different structural or non–structural methods used to treat runoff"> '''best management practice'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Better site design includes a series of techniques that reduce impervious cover, conserve natural areas, and use pervious areas to more effectively treat stormwater runoff (Center for Watershed Protection, 1998a) and promote the treatment train approach to runoff management."> '''Better Site Design'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Biochar is a charcoal-like substance that’s made by burning organic material from biomass. Biochar has useful applications for soil and engineered media used in stormwater practices."> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Biochar_and_applications_of_biochar_in_stormwater_management biochar]'''</span> | *<span title="Biochar is a charcoal-like substance that’s made by burning organic material from biomass. Biochar has useful applications for soil and engineered media used in stormwater practices."> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Biochar_and_applications_of_biochar_in_stormwater_management biochar]'''</span> | ||
*<span title="The proportion of a nutrient that is digested, absorbed and metabolized by an organism through normal pathways."> '''bioavailable'''</span> | *<span title="The proportion of a nutrient that is digested, absorbed and metabolized by an organism through normal pathways."> '''bioavailable'''</span> | ||
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*<span title="Organic matter used as a fuel"> '''biomass'''</span> | *<span title="Organic matter used as a fuel"> '''biomass'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Any manufactured device or system that supports a biologically active environment.> '''bioreactor'''</span> | *<span title="Any manufactured device or system that supports a biologically active environment.> '''bioreactor'''</span> | ||
| − | *<span title="Bioretention is a terrestrial-based (up-land as opposed to wetland) water quality and water quantity control process. Bioretention employs a simplistic, site-integrated design that provides opportunity for runoff infiltration, filtration, storage, and water uptake by vegetation. Bioretention areas are suitable stormwater treatment practices for all land uses, as long as the contributing drainage area is appropriate for the size of the facility. Common bioretention opportunities include landscaping islands, cul-de-sacs, parking lot margins, commercial setbacks, open space, rooftop drainage and street-scapes (i.e., between the curb and sidewalk). Bioretention, when designed with an underdrain and liner, is also a good design option for treating Potential stormwater hotspots. Bioretention is extremely versatile because of its ability to be incorporated into landscaped areas. The versatility of the practice also allows for bioretention areas to be frequently employed as stormwater retrofits."> '''bioretention practice'''</span> | + | *<span title="Bioretention, also called rain gardens, is a terrestrial-based (up-land as opposed to wetland) water quality and water quantity control process. Bioretention employs a simplistic, site-integrated design that provides opportunity for runoff infiltration, filtration, storage, and water uptake by vegetation. Bioretention areas are suitable stormwater treatment practices for all land uses, as long as the contributing drainage area is appropriate for the size of the facility. Common bioretention opportunities include landscaping islands, cul-de-sacs, parking lot margins, commercial setbacks, open space, rooftop drainage and street-scapes (i.e., between the curb and sidewalk). Bioretention, when designed with an underdrain and liner, is also a good design option for treating Potential stormwater hotspots. Bioretention is extremely versatile because of its ability to be incorporated into landscaped areas. The versatility of the practice also allows for bioretention areas to be frequently employed as stormwater retrofits."> '''bioretention practice'''</span> |
*<span title="Bioswales are landscape elements designed to concentrate or remove debris and pollution out of surface runoff water. They consist of a swaled drainage course with gently sloped sides (less than 6%) and filled with vegetation, compost and/or riprap.> '''Bioswale'''</span> | *<span title="Bioswales are landscape elements designed to concentrate or remove debris and pollution out of surface runoff water. They consist of a swaled drainage course with gently sloped sides (less than 6%) and filled with vegetation, compost and/or riprap.> '''Bioswale'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A divergence from the expected biological condition of a lake, stream, or wetland. Practical methods exist for assessing impairment to a biological community, and they must be tested and refined for application to Minnesota."> '''biotic impairment'''</span> | *<span title="A divergence from the expected biological condition of a lake, stream, or wetland. Practical methods exist for assessing impairment to a biological community, and they must be tested and refined for application to Minnesota."> '''biotic impairment'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) is an approach to urban flood resilience, recognized globally and in international literature, that capitalizes on the benefits of working with urban green-spaces and naturalized water-flows."> '''blue-green infrastructure'''</span> | ||
*<span title="The expected length of time over which a best management practice (bmp) can be expected to perform its intended function(s) before needing to be rebuilt or replaced. Maintenance is likely required during the lifespan period."> '''bmp lifespan'''</span> | *<span title="The expected length of time over which a best management practice (bmp) can be expected to perform its intended function(s) before needing to be rebuilt or replaced. Maintenance is likely required during the lifespan period."> '''bmp lifespan'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Water level fluctuations due to topography, soils, and runoff inputs during and after precipitation events."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=File:Drawdown_and_bounce_2.jpg '''bounce''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The length of time or amount of dosing required for concentrations in effluent passing through a media to equal or exceed concentrations in influent, or the time or dosing required to first observe a chemical in effluent."> '''breakthrough'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A former industrial or commercial site where future use is affected by real or perceived environmental contamination"> '''brownfield''' </span> | *<span title="A former industrial or commercial site where future use is affected by real or perceived environmental contamination"> '''brownfield''' </span> | ||
*<span title="Removal of vegetative brush"> '''Brushing''' </span> | *<span title="Removal of vegetative brush"> '''Brushing''' </span> | ||
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*<span title="Stormwater runoff in excess of the design flow, which is diverted around a stormwater structure"> '''bypass flow'''</span> | *<span title="Stormwater runoff in excess of the design flow, which is diverted around a stormwater structure"> '''bypass flow'''</span> | ||
| − | ==C== | + | ==Ca-Cl== |
| + | *<span title="ASTM C-33 sand refers to a specific type of sand that meets standards associated with the grading of aggregate materials in the sand. ASTM C33 sand is most often used to make concrete, Portland cement, hot mix asphalt and lime."> '''[https://www.google.com/search?q=astm+c33+pdf&sxsrf=ALiCzsZbiP07RhAm7slFtquulY-VE-7w1A%3A1652959846603&ei=ZiqGYqSyJJu6tQa6xrqYBg&oq=c33+sand&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAEYBjIHCAAQRxCwAzIHCAAQRxCwAzIHCAAQRxCwAzIHCAAQRxCwAzIKCAAQRxCwAxDJAzIHCAAQRxCwAzIHCAAQRxCwAzIHCAAQRxCwAzIHCAAQsAMQQ0oECEEYAEoECEYYAFAAWABguS5oAXABeACAAQCIAQCSAQCYAQDIAQnAAQE&sclient=gws-wiz C-33 sand]'''</span> | ||
*<span title="The process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide.> '''carbon sequestration'''</span> | *<span title="The process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide.> '''carbon sequestration'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A catch basin is an engineered drainage structure with the sole function of collecting rainwater and snowmelt from streets and parking lots and transporting it to local waterways through a system of underground piping, culverts, and / or drainage ditches"> '''catch basin'''</span> | *<span title="A catch basin is an engineered drainage structure with the sole function of collecting rainwater and snowmelt from streets and parking lots and transporting it to local waterways through a system of underground piping, culverts, and / or drainage ditches"> '''catch basin'''</span> | ||
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*<span title="The Clean Water Act is a U.S. federal law that regulates the discharge of pollutants into the nation's surface waters, including lakes, rivers, streams, wetlands, and coastal areas."> '''[https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-clean-water-act Clean Water Act]'''</span> | *<span title="The Clean Water Act is a U.S. federal law that regulates the discharge of pollutants into the nation's surface waters, including lakes, rivers, streams, wetlands, and coastal areas."> '''[https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-clean-water-act Clean Water Act]'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Adjustments in ecological, social, or economic systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli and their effects or impacts."> '''climate adaptation'''</span> | *<span title="Adjustments in ecological, social, or economic systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli and their effects or impacts."> '''climate adaptation'''</span> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Cm-Cz== | ||
*<span title="coagulation involves the addition of polymers that clump small particles into larger aggregates for easy separation from water. Coagulation is a chemical process that involves neutralization of charge."> '''coagulation'''</span> | *<span title="coagulation involves the addition of polymers that clump small particles into larger aggregates for easy separation from water. Coagulation is a chemical process that involves neutralization of charge."> '''coagulation'''</span> | ||
*<span title="There is no specific definition of coarse sediment, but in stormwater management it typically refers to coarse sand, which includes particles greater than 1/2-mm in diameter, using the Wentworth scale."> '''coarse sediment'''</span> | *<span title="There is no specific definition of coarse sediment, but in stormwater management it typically refers to coarse sand, which includes particles greater than 1/2-mm in diameter, using the Wentworth scale."> '''coarse sediment'''</span> | ||
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*<span title="Occurs where water flow converges, effectively extending the stream network into the field"> '''concentrated stormwater runoff'''</span> | *<span title="Occurs where water flow converges, effectively extending the stream network into the field"> '''concentrated stormwater runoff'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A subset of impervious cover, which is directly connected to a drainage system or a water body via continuous impervious surfaces."> '''connected impervious'''</span> | *<span title="A subset of impervious cover, which is directly connected to a drainage system or a water body via continuous impervious surfaces."> '''connected impervious'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Conservation tillage is an agricultural management approach that aims to minimize the frequency or intensity of tillage operations in an effort to promote certain economic and environmental benefits."> '''conservation tillage'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A model of a physical system that continuously tracks system response according to a set of equations typically involving differential equations."> '''continuous model'''</span> | *<span title="A model of a physical system that continuously tracks system response according to a set of equations typically involving differential equations."> '''continuous model'''</span> | ||
*<span title="The total drainage area, including pervious and impervious surfaces, contributing to a BMP"> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Contributing_drainage_area_to_stormwater_BMPs contributing drainage area]'''</span> | *<span title="The total drainage area, including pervious and impervious surfaces, contributing to a BMP"> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Contributing_drainage_area_to_stormwater_BMPs contributing drainage area]'''</span> | ||
*<span title="The stormwater runoff volume or pollutant reduction achieved toward meeting a runoff volume or water quality goal."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Overview_of_stormwater_credits '''credit (stormwater credit)''']</span> | *<span title="The stormwater runoff volume or pollutant reduction achieved toward meeting a runoff volume or water quality goal."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Overview_of_stormwater_credits '''credit (stormwater credit)''']</span> | ||
*<span title="A conventional roof is a standard roof with an impervious surface, such as an asphalt roof"> '''conventional roof'''</span> | *<span title="A conventional roof is a standard roof with an impervious surface, such as an asphalt roof"> '''conventional roof'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Crop rotation is the practice of planting different crops sequentially on the same plot of land to improve soil health, optimize nutrients in the soil, and combat pest and weed pressure."> '''crop rotation'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Curb cuts allow stormwater to enter a stormwater facility at specific points, thus concentrating runoff both in velocity and volume."> '''curb-cut'''</span> | *<span title="Curb cuts allow stormwater to enter a stormwater facility at specific points, thus concentrating runoff both in velocity and volume."> '''curb-cut'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Is a traffic control measure used to extend the sidewalk, reducing the crossing distance and allowing pedestrians about to cross and approaching vehicle drivers to see each other when vehicles parked in a parking lane would otherwise block visibility."> '''curb bump-out'''</span> | *<span title="Is a traffic control measure used to extend the sidewalk, reducing the crossing distance and allowing pedestrians about to cross and approaching vehicle drivers to see each other when vehicles parked in a parking lane would otherwise block visibility."> '''curb bump-out'''</span> | ||
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*<span title="The volume of flow which a device is designed to handle"> '''design flow'''</span> | *<span title="The volume of flow which a device is designed to handle"> '''design flow'''</span> | ||
*detention times | *detention times | ||
| + | *<span title="The assumed infiltration rate into soil or engineered media when determining the dimensions (depth, surface area) of a stormwater practice."> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Design_infiltration_rate_as_a_function_of_soil_texture_for_bioretention_in_Minnesota design infiltration rate]''' </span> | ||
*<span title="Waste or debris of any kind, though sometimes it refers only to organic materials."> '''detritus'''</span> | *<span title="Waste or debris of any kind, though sometimes it refers only to organic materials."> '''detritus'''</span> | ||
*<span title="The removal of surface or ground water to dry and/or solidify a construction site to enable construction activity> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Construction_stormwater_treatment_-_dewatering,_including_chemical_treatment_and_sediment_filtration '''dewatering''']</span> | *<span title="The removal of surface or ground water to dry and/or solidify a construction site to enable construction activity> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Construction_stormwater_treatment_-_dewatering,_including_chemical_treatment_and_sediment_filtration '''dewatering''']</span> | ||
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*<span title="Check dams, also called ditch checks, dikes, wattles, etc., are temporary or permanent linear structures placed perpendicular to concentrated flows such as in drainage ditches, channels, and swales to reduce flow velocities and prevent channel down-cutting."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Sediment_control_practices_-_Check_dams_(ditch_checks,_ditch_dikes) '''ditch checks''']</span> | *<span title="Check dams, also called ditch checks, dikes, wattles, etc., are temporary or permanent linear structures placed perpendicular to concentrated flows such as in drainage ditches, channels, and swales to reduce flow velocities and prevent channel down-cutting."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Sediment_control_practices_-_Check_dams_(ditch_checks,_ditch_dikes) '''ditch checks''']</span> | ||
*<span title="Contributing area is defined as the total area, including pervious and impervious surfaces, contributing to a BMP. It is assumed that in most cases, with the exception of green roofs and many permeable pavement systems, impervious surfaces will constitute more than 50 percent of the contributing area to the BMP and that most of this impervious is directly connected."> '''drainage Area'''</span> | *<span title="Contributing area is defined as the total area, including pervious and impervious surfaces, contributing to a BMP. It is assumed that in most cases, with the exception of green roofs and many permeable pavement systems, impervious surfaces will constitute more than 50 percent of the contributing area to the BMP and that most of this impervious is directly connected."> '''drainage Area'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The length of time, usually expressed in hours, for ponded water in a stormwater practice to drain. For stormwater practices where water is stored in media, there is no clear definition of drawdown, but an acceptable assumption is the time for water to drain to field capacity"> '''drawdown time'''</span> | ||
*<span title="The surface and subsurface area surrounding a public water supply well, including the wellhead protection area, that must be managed by the entity identified in a wellhead protection plan. This area is delineated using identifiable landmarks that reflect the scientifically calculated wellhead protection area boundaries as closely as possible."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Stormwater_and_wellhead_protection '''Drinking Water Source Management Area (DWSMA),''']</span> | *<span title="The surface and subsurface area surrounding a public water supply well, including the wellhead protection area, that must be managed by the entity identified in a wellhead protection plan. This area is delineated using identifiable landmarks that reflect the scientifically calculated wellhead protection area boundaries as closely as possible."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Stormwater_and_wellhead_protection '''Drinking Water Source Management Area (DWSMA),''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="a system of crop irrigation involving the controlled delivery of water directly to individual plants through a network of tubes or pipes."> '''drip irrigation'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Stones placed at the entrance to a rain garden to help slow the speed at which runoff enters the gardens> '''“drop waterfalls”'''</span> | *<span title="Stones placed at the entrance to a rain garden to help slow the speed at which runoff enters the gardens> '''“drop waterfalls”'''</span> | ||
*dry storage | *dry storage | ||
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==E== | ==E== | ||
| − | *earthen berm | + | *<span title="Berms are compacted or vegetated structures designed to slow, pond, or filter runoff; divert runoff on a construction site to a sediment trap/basin; and/or ensure clean upland runoff does not move into disturbed areas. They may also be called filter berms, diversion berms, or earth berm barriers, depending on their composition and use."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Sediment_control_practices_-_Stabilized_earth/soil_berm '''earthen berm''']</span> |
| − | *<span title="Constructed with clayey soils with low permeability and therefore are considered impermeable."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Check_dams_for_stormwater_swales Earthen check dams]</span> | + | *<span title="Constructed with clayey soils with low permeability and therefore are considered impermeable."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Check_dams_for_stormwater_swales '''Earthen check dams''']</span> |
*<span title="An ecoregion, is a geographical area where the land use (agriculture, forest, prairie, etc.), underlying geology, potential native plant community, and soils are relatively similar."> '''ecoregion'''</span> | *<span title="An ecoregion, is a geographical area where the land use (agriculture, forest, prairie, etc.), underlying geology, potential native plant community, and soils are relatively similar."> '''ecoregion'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Benefits derived from ecosystems and ecosystem functions. Examples of benefits include clean water, nutrient cycling, pollination, and detoxification of wastes."> '''ecosystem services'''</span> | *<span title="Benefits derived from ecosystems and ecosystem functions. Examples of benefits include clean water, nutrient cycling, pollination, and detoxification of wastes."> '''ecosystem services'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Ecosystem values are measures of how important ecosystem services, such as pollination, nutrient cycling, and climate regulation, are to people – what they are worth."> '''ecosystem values'''</span> | *<span title="Ecosystem values are measures of how important ecosystem services, such as pollination, nutrient cycling, and climate regulation, are to people – what they are worth."> '''ecosystem values'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Effluent typically refers to the water exiting a stormwater BMP. It therefore typically reflects water treated by the device."> '''effluent'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A measure of the amount of salts in soil"> '''electrical conductivity'''</span> | *<span title="A measure of the amount of salts in soil"> '''electrical conductivity'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A chemical entity that donates electrons to another compound"> '''electron donor'''</span> | *<span title="A chemical entity that donates electrons to another compound"> '''electron donor'''</span> | ||
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*<span title="Interception of incoming flow to deflect, scatter, or otherwise neutralize the erosive force of concentrated, moving stormwater."> '''energy dissipation'''</span> | *<span title="Interception of incoming flow to deflect, scatter, or otherwise neutralize the erosive force of concentrated, moving stormwater."> '''energy dissipation'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Permanent or temporary energy dissipators prevent erosion, turbulence, and turbidity where stormwater pipes or ditches discharge to unprotected areas, such as channel banks, slopes, or upslope outfall locations. Their main purpose is to reduce the speed of concentrated flows to prevent scour at conveyance outlets. This practice is also called Scour Protection or Outlet Protection. Common types of outlet protection devices include concrete aprons, riprap-lined basins, and settling basins. "> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Sediment_control_practices_-_Outlet_energy_dissipation'''energy dissipation''']</span> | *<span title="Permanent or temporary energy dissipators prevent erosion, turbulence, and turbidity where stormwater pipes or ditches discharge to unprotected areas, such as channel banks, slopes, or upslope outfall locations. Their main purpose is to reduce the speed of concentrated flows to prevent scour at conveyance outlets. This practice is also called Scour Protection or Outlet Protection. Common types of outlet protection devices include concrete aprons, riprap-lined basins, and settling basins. "> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Sediment_control_practices_-_Outlet_energy_dissipation'''energy dissipation''']</span> | ||
| − | *<span title="Engineered media is a mixture of sand, fines (silt, clay), | + | *<span title="Engineered media is a mixture of sand, fines (silt, clay), organic matter, and occasionally other amendments (e.g. iron) utilized in stormwater practices, most frequently in bioretention practices. The media is typically designed to have a rapid infiltration rate, attenuate pollutants, and allow for plant growth."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Design_criteria_for_bioretention#Materials_specifications_-_filter_media '''engineered media''']</span> |
*<span title="The part of the wellhead protection area that is defined by a one-year time of travel within the aquifer that is used by the public water supply well (Minnesota Rules, part 4720.5250, subpart 3). It is used to set priorities for managing potential contamination sources within the DWSMA. This area is particularly relevant for assessing impacts from potential sources of pathogen contamination because this time of travel is believed to closely correspond with the survival period of many pathogens."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Stormwater_and_wellhead_protection '''Emergency Response Area''']</span> | *<span title="The part of the wellhead protection area that is defined by a one-year time of travel within the aquifer that is used by the public water supply well (Minnesota Rules, part 4720.5250, subpart 3). It is used to set priorities for managing potential contamination sources within the DWSMA. This area is particularly relevant for assessing impacts from potential sources of pathogen contamination because this time of travel is believed to closely correspond with the survival period of many pathogens."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Stormwater_and_wellhead_protection '''Emergency Response Area''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Environmental justice is the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people, regardless of race, color, national origin, or income, with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies."> '''environmental justice'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A stream that flows only briefly during and following a period of rainfall in the immediate locality."> '''ephemeral stream'''</span> | *<span title="A stream that flows only briefly during and following a period of rainfall in the immediate locality."> '''ephemeral stream'''</span> | ||
*<span title="typically biodegradable, open-weave blankets that provide temporary cover and support for establishing vegetation on bare soil areas."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Erosion_prevention_practices_-_erosion_control_blankets_and_anchoring_devices '''erosion control blankets''']</span> | *<span title="typically biodegradable, open-weave blankets that provide temporary cover and support for establishing vegetation on bare soil areas."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Erosion_prevention_practices_-_erosion_control_blankets_and_anchoring_devices '''erosion control blankets''']</span> | ||
*<span title="A kind of mulch made of partially composted bark, sand, gravel, stone and wood fragments"> '''erosion control mix'''</span> | *<span title="A kind of mulch made of partially composted bark, sand, gravel, stone and wood fragments"> '''erosion control mix'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Practices designed to prevent or minimize erosion> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Erosion_prevention_practices '''erosion protection''']</span> | *<span title="Practices designed to prevent or minimize erosion> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Erosion_prevention_practices '''erosion protection''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A lake rich in nutrients and so supporting a dense plant population, the decomposition of which kills animal life by depriving it of oxygen."> '''eutrophic'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Loss of water to the atmosphere as a result of the joint processes of evaporation and transpiration through vegetation"> '''evapotranspiration'''</span> | *<span title="Loss of water to the atmosphere as a result of the joint processes of evaporation and transpiration through vegetation"> '''evapotranspiration'''</span> | ||
*<span title="The average pollutant concentration for a given stormwater event, expressed in units of mass per volume (e.g., mg/L)"> '''event mean concentration'''</span> | *<span title="The average pollutant concentration for a given stormwater event, expressed in units of mass per volume (e.g., mg/L)"> '''event mean concentration'''</span> | ||
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*<span title="The exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) is calculated as follows: ESP = Exchangeable {(Na)/(Ca + Mg + K + Na)} x 100"> '''exchangeable sodium percent'''</span> | *<span title="The exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) is calculated as follows: ESP = Exchangeable {(Na)/(Ca + Mg + K + Na)} x 100"> '''exchangeable sodium percent'''</span> | ||
*<span title="An amount of pollutant, usually expressed in mass per unit area per unit time, transported off-site, most often with stormwater runoff"> '''export'''</span> | *<span title="An amount of pollutant, usually expressed in mass per unit area per unit time, transported off-site, most often with stormwater runoff"> '''export'''</span> | ||
| − | *<span title="An extensive green roof has growing medium that is 6 inches or less deep"> '''extensive roofs'''</span> | + | *<span title="An extensive green roof has growing medium that is 6 inches or less deep"> '''extensive green roofs'''</span> |
==F== | ==F== | ||
*<span title="A raw material generally used to provide energy"> '''feedstock'''</span> | *<span title="A raw material generally used to provide energy"> '''feedstock'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A temporary erosion control and sediment control device used on construction sites to protect water quality in nearby streams, rivers, lakes and seas from sediment erosion"> '''fiber roll'''</span> | *<span title="A temporary erosion control and sediment control device used on construction sites to protect water quality in nearby streams, rivers, lakes and seas from sediment erosion"> '''fiber roll'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Field capacity is the amount of soil moisture or water content held in soil after excess water has drained away and the rate of downward movement has materially decreased, which usually takes place within 2–3 days after a rain or irrigation in pervious soils of uniform structure and texture."> '''field capacity'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A material that is used to fill in a depression or hole in the ground, or create mounds or otherwise artificially change the elevation of the ground."> '''fill'''</span> | *<span title="A material that is used to fill in a depression or hole in the ground, or create mounds or otherwise artificially change the elevation of the ground."> '''fill'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A type of materials that collects sediments while permeable to water."> '''filter fabric''' </span> | *<span title="A type of materials that collects sediments while permeable to water."> '''filter fabric''' </span> | ||
| − | |||
*<span title="an area of permanent vegetation or other material used to reduce sediment, organics, nutrients, pesticides, and other contaminants from runoff and to maintain or improve water quality.> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Overview_for_pretreatment_vegetated_filter_strips filter strip]'''</span> | *<span title="an area of permanent vegetation or other material used to reduce sediment, organics, nutrients, pesticides, and other contaminants from runoff and to maintain or improve water quality.> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Overview_for_pretreatment_vegetated_filter_strips filter strip]'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Filtration Best Management Practices (BMPs) treat urban stormwater runoff as it flows through a filtering medium, such as sand or an organic material. They are generally used on small drainage areas (5 acres or less) and are primarily designed for pollutant removal. They are effective at removing total suspended solids (TSS), particulate phosphorus, metals, and most organics. They are less effective for soluble pollutants such as dissolved phosphorus, chloride, and nitrate."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Stormwater_filtration_Best_Management_Practices '''filtration''']</span> | ||
*<span title="Soil with a diameter of 0.063 mm to 0.2 mm"> '''fine sand'''</span> | *<span title="Soil with a diameter of 0.063 mm to 0.2 mm"> '''fine sand'''</span> | ||
*<span title="the condition in which a project site does not pose any additional sediment discharge risk than it did prior to beginning project construction"> '''final stabilization'''</span> | *<span title="the condition in which a project site does not pose any additional sediment discharge risk than it did prior to beginning project construction"> '''final stabilization'''</span> | ||
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*<span title="Synonymous with slope or incline."> '''grade'''</span> | *<span title="Synonymous with slope or incline."> '''grade'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A grade control structure is used to stabilize a stream, grassed waterway, or gully to reduce channel bed erosion."> '''grade control structures'''</span> | *<span title="A grade control structure is used to stabilize a stream, grassed waterway, or gully to reduce channel bed erosion."> '''grade control structures'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A grass-lined channel is a graded, vegetated channel that collects and conveys stormwater while encouraging infiltration into the ground."> '''grass channel'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Gray stormwater is designed to move urban stormwater away from the built environment and includes curbs, gutters, drains, piping, and collection systems. Generally, traditional gray infrastructure collects and conveys stormwater from impervious surfaces, such as roadways, parking lots and rooftops, into a series of piping that ultimately discharges untreated stormwater into a local water body."> '''gray infrastructure'''</span> | *<span title="Gray stormwater is designed to move urban stormwater away from the built environment and includes curbs, gutters, drains, piping, and collection systems. Generally, traditional gray infrastructure collects and conveys stormwater from impervious surfaces, such as roadways, parking lots and rooftops, into a series of piping that ultimately discharges untreated stormwater into a local water body."> '''gray infrastructure'''</span> | ||
| − | *<span title="Green | + | *<span title="Green Infrastructure refers to ecological systems, both natural and engineered, that act as living infrastructure. Green Infrastructure elements are planned and managed primarily for stormwater control, but also exhibit social, economic and environmental benefits (Syracuse University)."> '''green infrastructure'''</span> |
*<span title="Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) describes practices that use natural systems (or engineered systems that mimic or use natural processes) to capture, clean, and infiltrate stormwater; shade and cool surfaces and buildings; reduce flooding, create wildlife habitat; and provide other services that improve environmental quality and communities’ quality of life. (City of Tucson)"> '''green stormwater infrastructure'''</span> | *<span title="Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) describes practices that use natural systems (or engineered systems that mimic or use natural processes) to capture, clean, and infiltrate stormwater; shade and cool surfaces and buildings; reduce flooding, create wildlife habitat; and provide other services that improve environmental quality and communities’ quality of life. (City of Tucson)"> '''green stormwater infrastructure'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Green roofs consist of a series of layers that create an environment suitable for plant growth without damaging the underlying roof system. Green roofs create green space for public benefit, energy efficiency, and stormwater retention/ detention."> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Green_roofs green roof]'''</span> | *<span title="Green roofs consist of a series of layers that create an environment suitable for plant growth without damaging the underlying roof system. Green roofs create green space for public benefit, energy efficiency, and stormwater retention/ detention."> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Green_roofs green roof]'''</span> | ||
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*<span title="an urban area having higher average temperature than its rural surroundings owing to the greater absorption, retention, and generation of heat by its buildings, pavements, and human activities."> '''heat island'''</span> | *<span title="an urban area having higher average temperature than its rural surroundings owing to the greater absorption, retention, and generation of heat by its buildings, pavements, and human activities."> '''heat island'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A plant whose growth dies down annually but whose roots or other underground parts survive"> '''herbaceous perennial'''</span> | *<span title="A plant whose growth dies down annually but whose roots or other underground parts survive"> '''herbaceous perennial'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The consumption of plant material by animals"> '''herbivory'''</span> | ||
*<span title="High-density polyethylene (HDPE) or polyethylene high-density (PEHD) is a thermoplastic polymer produced from the monomer ethylene.It has a high strength-to-density ratio."> '''High-density polyethylene'''</span> | *<span title="High-density polyethylene (HDPE) or polyethylene high-density (PEHD) is a thermoplastic polymer produced from the monomer ethylene.It has a high strength-to-density ratio."> '''High-density polyethylene'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Highly urban and ultra-urban settings have a large percentage of impermeable surface and typically have limited space to install surface BMPs. An example would be a downtown area."> '''highly urban and ultra-urban environments'''</span> | *<span title="Highly urban and ultra-urban settings have a large percentage of impermeable surface and typically have limited space to install surface BMPs. An example would be a downtown area."> '''highly urban and ultra-urban environments'''</span> | ||
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*<span title="The hydraulic gradient is the change in total head divided the distance over which the change occurs."> '''hydraulic gradient (i),'''</span> | *<span title="The hydraulic gradient is the change in total head divided the distance over which the change occurs."> '''hydraulic gradient (i),'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Hydraulic head or piezometric head is a specific measurement of liquid pressure above a vertical datum."> '''hydraulic head'''</span> | *<span title="Hydraulic head or piezometric head is a specific measurement of liquid pressure above a vertical datum."> '''hydraulic head'''</span> | ||
| − | *<span title="A mathematical model of a water/sewer/storm system and is used to | + | *<span title="A mathematical model of a water/sewer/storm system and is used to analyze the system's hydraulic behaviour."> '''hydraulic model'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="An environment or habitat containing plenty of moisture; very wet"> '''hydric'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A compound of hydrogen and carbon, such as any of those which are the chief components of petroleum and natural gas."> '''hydrocarbon'''</span> | *<span title="A compound of hydrogen and carbon, such as any of those which are the chief components of petroleum and natural gas."> '''hydrocarbon'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Stormwater management devices that use cyclonic separation to control water pollution. They are designed as flow-through structures with a settling or separation unit to remove sediment and other pollutants."> '''hydrodynamic separator'''</span> | *<span title="Stormwater management devices that use cyclonic separation to control water pollution. They are designed as flow-through structures with a settling or separation unit to remove sediment and other pollutants."> '''hydrodynamic separator'''</span> | ||
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*<span title="Infiltration basins, infiltration trenches, dry wells, and underground infiltration systems capture and temporarily store stormwater before allowing it to infiltrate into the soil. As the stormwater penetrates the underlying soil, chemical, biological and physical processes remove pollutants and delay peak stormwater flows."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Infiltration '''infiltration basin''']</span> | *<span title="Infiltration basins, infiltration trenches, dry wells, and underground infiltration systems capture and temporarily store stormwater before allowing it to infiltrate into the soil. As the stormwater penetrates the underlying soil, chemical, biological and physical processes remove pollutants and delay peak stormwater flows."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Infiltration '''infiltration basin''']</span> | ||
*<span title="The infiltration rate is the velocity or speed at which water enters into the soil"> '''infiltration rate'''</span> | *<span title="The infiltration rate is the velocity or speed at which water enters into the soil"> '''infiltration rate'''</span> | ||
| − | *<span title="Influent typically refers to the water entering a stormwater | + | *<span title="Influent typically refers to the water entering a stormwater bmp. It refers to water that has not been treated by the device, though the water may have received treatment from an upstream bmp"> '''influent'''</span> |
*<span title="Inlets collect excess stormwater from the street, transition the flow into storm drains, and can provide maintenance access to the storm drain system."> '''inlet structure'''</span> | *<span title="Inlets collect excess stormwater from the street, transition the flow into storm drains, and can provide maintenance access to the storm drain system."> '''inlet structure'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The maximum volume of water that can be retained by a stormwater practice (bmp) if the water was instantaneously added to the practice. It equals the depth of the practice times the average area of the practice. For some bmps (e.g. bioretention, infiltration trenches and basins, swales with check dams), the volume is the water stored or retained above the media, while for other practices (e.g. permeable pavement, tree trenches) the volume is the water stored or retained within the media."> '''instantaneous volume'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Land used primarily for religious, governmental, educational, social, cultural or major health care facilities (where they have beds for overnight stay). Examples include: schools, synagogues, cemeteries, hospitals, nursing homes, city halls, county and state fairgrounds, and museums."> '''institutional land use'''</span> | *<span title="Land used primarily for religious, governmental, educational, social, cultural or major health care facilities (where they have beds for overnight stay). Examples include: schools, synagogues, cemeteries, hospitals, nursing homes, city halls, county and state fairgrounds, and museums."> '''institutional land use'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Curbs fused together with the road to create more traction and make it easier for larger vehicles to pass without damaging the internal structure or foundation of the asphalt or concrete. This type of curb creates a much smoother transition into the road than other types because there aren’t any jutting edges."> '''integral curb'''</span> | *<span title="Curbs fused together with the road to create more traction and make it easier for larger vehicles to pass without damaging the internal structure or foundation of the asphalt or concrete. This type of curb creates a much smoother transition into the road than other types because there aren’t any jutting edges."> '''integral curb'''</span> | ||
*<span title="An intensive green roof has growing medium that is 6 inches or more deep"> '''intensive roof'''</span> | *<span title="An intensive green roof has growing medium that is 6 inches or more deep"> '''intensive roof'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Interception refers to precipitation that does not reach the soil, but is instead intercepted by the leaves, branches of plants and the forest floor"> '''interception'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Intercropping is a multiple cropping practice that involves growing two or more crops in proximity. In other words, intercropping is the cultivation of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field."> '''intercropping'''</span> | ||
*<span title="An invasive species is an organism, including plants, that is not indigenous, or native, to a particular area and that can cause great economic and environmental harm."> '''invasive species'''</span> | *<span title="An invasive species is an organism, including plants, that is not indigenous, or native, to a particular area and that can cause great economic and environmental harm."> '''invasive species'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A well-defined channel that contains. water for only part of the year, typically during winter and spring when the aquatic."> '''intermittent flow channel'''</span> | *<span title="A well-defined channel that contains. water for only part of the year, typically during winter and spring when the aquatic."> '''intermittent flow channel'''</span> | ||
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*<span title="A soil with roughly equal proportions of clay, silt, and sand"> '''loam'''</span> | *<span title="A soil with roughly equal proportions of clay, silt, and sand"> '''loam'''</span> | ||
*<span title="The slope spanning the length of a body"> '''longitudinal slope'''</span> | *<span title="The slope spanning the length of a body"> '''longitudinal slope'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Systems and practices that use or mimic natural processes that result in the infiltration, evapotranspiration or use of stormwater in order to protect water quality and associated aquatic habitat."> '''low impact development (LID)'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Low permeability soils typically have low infiltration rates, less than 0.1 inches per hour. These are Hydrologic Soil Group D soils"> '''low permeability soils'''</span> | *<span title="Low permeability soils typically have low infiltration rates, less than 0.1 inches per hour. These are Hydrologic Soil Group D soils"> '''low permeability soils'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A lysimeter is a device or apparatus that measures water movement in the soil, edaphic or vadose zone."> '''lysimeter'''</span> | ||
==M== | ==M== | ||
| Line 242: | Line 271: | ||
*<span title="Characterized by, relating to, or requiring a moderate amount of moisture a mesic habitat"> '''mesic'''</span> | *<span title="Characterized by, relating to, or requiring a moderate amount of moisture a mesic habitat"> '''mesic'''</span> | ||
*<span title="The middle layer of the pericarp of a fruit, between the endocarp and the exocarp"> '''mesocarp'''</span> | *<span title="The middle layer of the pericarp of a fruit, between the endocarp and the exocarp"> '''mesocarp'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Mesotrophic lakes contain moderate amounts of nutrients, and contain healthy, diverse populations of aquatic plants, algae, and fish."> '''mesotrophic'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A microclimate (or micro-climate) is a local set of atmospheric conditions that differ from those in the surrounding areas, often with a slight difference but sometimes with a substantial one. The term may refer to areas as small as a few square meters or square feet (for example a garden bed or a cave) or as large as many square kilometers or square miles."> '''microclimate'''</span> | *<span title="A microclimate (or micro-climate) is a local set of atmospheric conditions that differ from those in the surrounding areas, often with a slight difference but sometimes with a substantial one. The term may refer to areas as small as a few square meters or square feet (for example a garden bed or a cave) or as large as many square kilometers or square miles."> '''microclimate'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A tool to simulate natural processes and estimate the expected volume, rate, or quality of stormwater"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Introduction_to_stormwater_modeling '''model''']</span> | *<span title="A tool to simulate natural processes and estimate the expected volume, rate, or quality of stormwater"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Introduction_to_stormwater_modeling '''model''']</span> | ||
| Line 252: | Line 282: | ||
*<span title="A species that has been observed in the form of a naturally occurring and self-sustaining population in historical times. Non-natives do not meet this definition."> '''native species'''</span> | *<span title="A species that has been observed in the form of a naturally occurring and self-sustaining population in historical times. Non-natives do not meet this definition."> '''native species'''</span> | ||
*<span title="The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) addresses water pollution by regulating point sources that discharge pollutants to Waters of the United States (WOTUS)"> '''NPDES'''</span> | *<span title="The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) addresses water pollution by regulating point sources that discharge pollutants to Waters of the United States (WOTUS)"> '''NPDES'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The biological oxidation of ammonia or ammonium to nitrite followed by the oxidation of the nitrite to nitrate."> '''nitrification'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A potent greenhouse gas emitted during agricultural and industrial activities, combustion of fossil fuels and solid waste, as well as during treatment of wastewater"> '''nitrous oxide'''</span> | *<span title="A potent greenhouse gas emitted during agricultural and industrial activities, combustion of fossil fuels and solid waste, as well as during treatment of wastewater"> '''nitrous oxide'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Stormwater practices that are not permanent, physical devices or structures but that reduce pollutant loading. Examples include street sweeping, pollution prevention, education, impervious surface disconnection, and illicit discharge disconnection."> '''non-structural practice'''</span> | *<span title="Stormwater practices that are not permanent, physical devices or structures but that reduce pollutant loading. Examples include street sweeping, pollution prevention, education, impervious surface disconnection, and illicit discharge disconnection."> '''non-structural practice'''</span> | ||
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*<span title="Carbon-based compounds, originally derived from living organisms"> '''organic material'''</span> | *<span title="Carbon-based compounds, originally derived from living organisms"> '''organic material'''</span> | ||
*<span title="An outfall is defined as any point where a separate storm sewer system discharges to either Water of the United States or to another MS4. Outfalls include discharges from pipes, ditches swales, and other points of concentrated flow"> '''outfall'''</span> | *<span title="An outfall is defined as any point where a separate storm sewer system discharges to either Water of the United States or to another MS4. Outfalls include discharges from pipes, ditches swales, and other points of concentrated flow"> '''outfall'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Prevention of flood damage to conveyance systems and infrastructure and reduction of minor flooding caused by an increased frequency and magnitude of floods exceeding the bankful capacity of a channel and spilling out over the floodplain."> '''[http://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php/Overbank_flood_protection_criteria_%28Vp10%29 overbank flood protection]'''</span> | ||
*<span title="The movement of water over the land, downslope toward a surface water body."> '''overland flow'''</span> | *<span title="The movement of water over the land, downslope toward a surface water body."> '''overland flow'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species. An oxidation-reduction reaction is any chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a molecule, atom, or ion changes by gaining or losing an electron"> '''oxidation-reduction reaction'''</span> | *<span title="A type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species. An oxidation-reduction reaction is any chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a molecule, atom, or ion changes by gaining or losing an electron"> '''oxidation-reduction reaction'''</span> | ||
| − | == | + | ==Pa-Pm== |
*<span title="Program for Predicting Polluting Particle Passage through Pits, Puddles & Ponds, is a physically-based stormwater quality model developed by William Walker to predict the generation and transport of stormwater runoff pollutants in urban watershed"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Available_stormwater_models_and_selecting_a_model#P8 '''P8''']</span> | *<span title="Program for Predicting Polluting Particle Passage through Pits, Puddles & Ponds, is a physically-based stormwater quality model developed by William Walker to predict the generation and transport of stormwater runoff pollutants in urban watershed"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Available_stormwater_models_and_selecting_a_model#P8 '''P8''']</span> | ||
*<span title="An index (means of expression) indicating what sizes (particle size) of particles are present in what proportions (relative particle amount as a percentage where the total amount of particles is 100 %) in the sample particle group to be measured"> '''particle size distribution'''</span> | *<span title="An index (means of expression) indicating what sizes (particle size) of particles are present in what proportions (relative particle amount as a percentage where the total amount of particles is 100 %) in the sample particle group to be measured"> '''particle size distribution'''</span> | ||
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*<span title="Permeable pavements allow stormwater runoff to filter through surface voids into an underlying stone reservoir for temporary storage and/or infiltration. The most commonly used permeable pavement surfaces are pervious concrete, porous asphalt, and permeable interlocking concrete pavers (PICP)."> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Permeable_pavement permeable pavement]'''</span> | *<span title="Permeable pavements allow stormwater runoff to filter through surface voids into an underlying stone reservoir for temporary storage and/or infiltration. The most commonly used permeable pavement surfaces are pervious concrete, porous asphalt, and permeable interlocking concrete pavers (PICP)."> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Permeable_pavement permeable pavement]'''</span> | ||
*<span title="a subsurface emplacement of reactive materials through which a dissolved contaminant plume must move as it flows. Treated water exits the other side of the permeable barrier. This method may utilize bilogical or chemical methods for pollutant removal."> '''permeable reactive barrier'''</span> | *<span title="a subsurface emplacement of reactive materials through which a dissolved contaminant plume must move as it flows. Treated water exits the other side of the permeable barrier. This method may utilize bilogical or chemical methods for pollutant removal."> '''permeable reactive barrier'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The permeameter is a laboratory tool to measure the saturated permeability, or K-factor, of soil samples."> '''permeameter'''</span> | ||
*<span title="The Phase I program for MS4s requires operators of “medium” and “large” MS4s, that is, those that generally serve populations of 100,000 or greater, to implement a stormwater management program as a means to control polluted discharges from these MS4s"> '''Phase 1'''</span> | *<span title="The Phase I program for MS4s requires operators of “medium” and “large” MS4s, that is, those that generally serve populations of 100,000 or greater, to implement a stormwater management program as a means to control polluted discharges from these MS4s"> '''Phase 1'''</span> | ||
*<span title="The Stormwater Phase II Rule extends coverage of the NPDES stormwater program to certain “small” MS4s but takes a slightly different approach to how the stormwater management program is developed and implemented."> '''Phase 2'''</span> | *<span title="The Stormwater Phase II Rule extends coverage of the NPDES stormwater program to certain “small” MS4s but takes a slightly different approach to how the stormwater management program is developed and implemented."> '''Phase 2'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Models based on an understanding of the physics of the hydrological processes"> '''physically-based model'''</span> | *<span title="Models based on an understanding of the physics of the hydrological processes"> '''physically-based model'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Heavy stakes or posts installed to support the foundations of a superstructure"> '''pilings'''</span> | *<span title="Heavy stakes or posts installed to support the foundations of a superstructure"> '''pilings'''</span> | ||
| − | *<span title="In plug flow, the velocity of the fluid is assumed to be constant across any cross-sectional area perpendicular to the direction of flow."> '''plug flow''' | + | *<span title="In plug flow, the velocity of the fluid is assumed to be constant across any cross-sectional area perpendicular to the direction of flow."> '''plug flow'''</span> |
*<span title="Small-sized seedlings grown in trays from expanded polystyrene or polythene filled usually with a peat or compost substrate."> '''plugs'''</span> | *<span title="Small-sized seedlings grown in trays from expanded polystyrene or polythene filled usually with a peat or compost substrate."> '''plugs'''</span> | ||
*point of discharge | *point of discharge | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Pn-Pz== | ||
*<span title="Any practice that reduces, eliminates, or prevents pollution at its source"> '''pollution prevention'''</span> | *<span title="Any practice that reduces, eliminates, or prevents pollution at its source"> '''pollution prevention'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A class of chemicals that occur naturally in coal, crude oil, and gasoline. They also are produced when coal, oil, gas, wood, garbage, and tobacco are burned."> '''polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons'''</span> | *<span title="A class of chemicals that occur naturally in coal, crude oil, and gasoline. They also are produced when coal, oil, gas, wood, garbage, and tobacco are burned."> '''polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons'''</span> | ||
| Line 313: | Line 348: | ||
*<span title="Manner in which the depth of rainfall varies in space and time"> '''rainfall distribution'''</span> | *<span title="Manner in which the depth of rainfall varies in space and time"> '''rainfall distribution'''</span> | ||
*<span title="The Rational Method is a simple hydrologic calculation of peak flow based on drainage area, rainfall intensity, and a non-dimensional runoff coefficient. The peak flow is calculated as the rainfall intensity in inches per hour multiplied by the runoff coefficient and the drainage area in acres. The peak flow, Q, is calculated in cubic feet per second (cfs) as Q = CiA where C is the runoff coefficient, i is the rainfall intensity, and A is the drainage area. A conversion factor of 1.008 is necessary to convert acre-inches per hour to cfs, but this is typically not used. This method is best used only for simple approximations of peak flow from small watersheds."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=The_Simple_Method_for_estimating_phosphorus_export '''Rational Method''']</span> | *<span title="The Rational Method is a simple hydrologic calculation of peak flow based on drainage area, rainfall intensity, and a non-dimensional runoff coefficient. The peak flow is calculated as the rainfall intensity in inches per hour multiplied by the runoff coefficient and the drainage area in acres. The peak flow, Q, is calculated in cubic feet per second (cfs) as Q = CiA where C is the runoff coefficient, i is the rainfall intensity, and A is the drainage area. A conversion factor of 1.008 is necessary to convert acre-inches per hour to cfs, but this is typically not used. This method is best used only for simple approximations of peak flow from small watersheds."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=The_Simple_Method_for_estimating_phosphorus_export '''Rational Method''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The recurrence interval (sometimes called the return period) is based on the probability that the given event will be equaled or exceeded for a specific time period (e.g. one year)."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Rainfall_frequency_maps '''recurrence interval''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="redoximorphic refers to the reduction and oxidation chemical reactions and the resulting appearance or morphology of the soil horizon"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Identifying_and_characterizing_redoximorphic_features_in_soils_and_soil_borings '''redoximorphic''']</span> | ||
*<span title="A stream, river, lake, ocean, or other surface or groundwaters into which treated or untreated wastewater is discharged"> '''receiving water'''</span> | *<span title="A stream, river, lake, ocean, or other surface or groundwaters into which treated or untreated wastewater is discharged"> '''receiving water'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Use of more than one BMP to provide additional treatment or protection"> '''redundant'''</span> | *<span title="Use of more than one BMP to provide additional treatment or protection"> '''redundant'''</span> | ||
| Line 351: | Line 388: | ||
*<span title="Fine-grained soil particles with a diameter between 0.002 mm and 0.075 mm (ASTM basis)."> '''silt'''</span> | *<span title="Fine-grained soil particles with a diameter between 0.002 mm and 0.075 mm (ASTM basis)."> '''silt'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Turbidity curtains, silt curtains, silt screens, silt barriers, or turbidity barriers, as they are sometimes called, are floating barriers used in marine construction, dredging, and remediation projects to control the silt and sediment in a body of water."> '''silt curtain'''</span> | *<span title="Turbidity curtains, silt curtains, silt screens, silt barriers, or turbidity barriers, as they are sometimes called, are floating barriers used in marine construction, dredging, and remediation projects to control the silt and sediment in a body of water."> '''silt curtain'''</span> | ||
| − | *<span title="A temporary sediment control device used on construction sites to protect water quality in nearby streams, rivers, lakes and seas from sediment (loose soil) in stormwater runoff."> '''silt fence'''</span> | + | *<span title="A temporary sediment control device used on construction sites to protect water quality in nearby streams, rivers, lakes and seas from sediment (loose soil) in stormwater runoff."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Sediment_control_practices_-_Perimeter_controls_for_disturbed_areas '''silt fence''']</span> |
*<span title="A cavity in the ground, especially in limestone bedrock, caused by water erosion and providing a route for surface water to disappear underground."> '''sinkhole'''</span> | *<span title="A cavity in the ground, especially in limestone bedrock, caused by water erosion and providing a route for surface water to disappear underground."> '''sinkhole'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Separation distance is defined as the distance from the closest point of a Best Management Practice (BMP) to the particular feature being considered."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Stormwater_infiltration_and_setback_(separation)_distances '''Site Location / Minimum Setbacks''']</span> | *<span title="Separation distance is defined as the distance from the closest point of a Best Management Practice (BMP) to the particular feature being considered."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Stormwater_infiltration_and_setback_(separation)_distances '''Site Location / Minimum Setbacks''']</span> | ||
| Line 358: | Line 395: | ||
==So-Sz== | ==So-Sz== | ||
| + | *<span title="The ability of the solid surfaces of soil to take up various substances with which they are in contact.> '''soil adsorption'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Sodium adsorption ratio is a measure of the amount of sodium (Na) relative to calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in the water extract from saturated soil paste.> '''sodium adsorption ratio'''</span> | *<span title="Sodium adsorption ratio is a measure of the amount of sodium (Na) relative to calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in the water extract from saturated soil paste.> '''sodium adsorption ratio'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Soil aggregates are groups of soil particles that bind to each other more strongly than to adjacent particles. The space between the aggregates provide pore space for retention and exchange of air and water."> '''soil aggregation'''</span> | *<span title="Soil aggregates are groups of soil particles that bind to each other more strongly than to adjacent particles. The space between the aggregates provide pore space for retention and exchange of air and water."> '''soil aggregation'''</span> | ||
*<span title="The compression of soil particles into a smaller volume, which reduces the size of pore space available for air and water."> '''soil compaction'''</span> | *<span title="The compression of soil particles into a smaller volume, which reduces the size of pore space available for air and water."> '''soil compaction'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Soil consistency is the strength with which soil materials are held together or the resistance of soils to deformation and rupture"> '''soil consistence'''</span> | ||
*<span title="The wearing away of a field's topsoil by the natural physical forces of water and wind"> '''soil erosion'''</span> | *<span title="The wearing away of a field's topsoil by the natural physical forces of water and wind"> '''soil erosion'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Soil health is an assessment of how well soil performs all of its functions now and how those functions are being preserved for future use."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Assessing_soil_health_and_function '''soil health''']</span> | *<span title="Soil health is an assessment of how well soil performs all of its functions now and how those functions are being preserved for future use."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Assessing_soil_health_and_function '''soil health''']</span> | ||
| Line 376: | Line 415: | ||
*<span title="an instrument probe that automatically transmits information about its surroundings underground, under water, in the atmosphere, etc."> '''sonde'''</span> | *<span title="an instrument probe that automatically transmits information about its surroundings underground, under water, in the atmosphere, etc."> '''sonde'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Absorption and adsorption considered as a single process"> '''sorption'''</span> | *<span title="Absorption and adsorption considered as a single process"> '''sorption'''</span> | ||
| − | *<span title="Waters with qualities that warrant extra protection"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Special_Waters_and_Impaired_Waters '''special water''']</span> | + | *<span title="Waters with qualities that warrant extra protection"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Construction_stormwater_program#Special_Waters_and_Impaired_Waters '''special water''']</span> |
*<span title="The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a standard, usually water for a liquid or solid, and air for a gas"> '''specific gravity'''</span> | *<span title="The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a standard, usually water for a liquid or solid, and air for a gas"> '''specific gravity'''</span> | ||
*<span title="An Emergency Response Plan defines the actions taken in the initial minutes of an emergency, such as a spill of hazardous material (e.g. gasoline)."> '''spill response plan'''</span> | *<span title="An Emergency Response Plan defines the actions taken in the initial minutes of an emergency, such as a spill of hazardous material (e.g. gasoline)."> '''spill response plan'''</span> | ||
| Line 385: | Line 424: | ||
*<span title="A step pool is a designed feature that is intended to reduce, treat, and, in some cases, infiltrate higher velocity stormwater.">'''step pool'''</span> | *<span title="A step pool is a designed feature that is intended to reduce, treat, and, in some cases, infiltrate higher velocity stormwater.">'''step pool'''</span> | ||
*<span title="The force required to move a sphere through a given viscous fluid at a low uniform velocity is directly proportional to the velocity and radius of the sphere."> '''Stoke's Law'''</span> | *<span title="The force required to move a sphere through a given viscous fluid at a low uniform velocity is directly proportional to the velocity and radius of the sphere."> '''Stoke's Law'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A technique, measure, or structural control that is used for a given set of conditions to manage the quantity and improve the quality of stormwater runoff in the most cost-effective manner (US EPA)."> '''stormwater control measure'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A stormwater conveyance channel is a permanent waterway, designed to convey stormwater runoff."> '''stormwater conveyance channel'''</span> | *<span title="A stormwater conveyance channel is a permanent waterway, designed to convey stormwater runoff."> '''stormwater conveyance channel'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Stormwater Hotspots (PSHs) are activities or practices that have the potential to produce relatively high levels of stormwater pollutants"> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Potential_stormwater_hotspots stormwater hotspot]'''</span> | *<span title="Stormwater Hotspots (PSHs) are activities or practices that have the potential to produce relatively high levels of stormwater pollutants"> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Potential_stormwater_hotspots stormwater hotspot]'''</span> | ||
| Line 406: | Line 446: | ||
*<span title="The amount of a pollutant from both point and nonpoint sources that a waterbody can receive and still meet water quality standards"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Total_Maximum_Daily_Loads_(TMDLs) '''total maximum daily load''']</span> | *<span title="The amount of a pollutant from both point and nonpoint sources that a waterbody can receive and still meet water quality standards"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Total_Maximum_Daily_Loads_(TMDLs) '''total maximum daily load''']</span> | ||
*<span title="The sum of all forms of phosphorus (particulate and dissolved)"> '''total phosphorus'''</span> | *<span title="The sum of all forms of phosphorus (particulate and dissolved)"> '''total phosphorus'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Transmissivity describes the ability of a media to transmit water throughout its entire saturated thickness"> '''transmissivity'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The loss of water as vapor from plants at their surfaces, primarily through stomata."> '''transpiration'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A sturdy cage-like stormwater filtration structure that keeps large debris and trash out of stormwater systems and waterways."> '''trash rack'''</span> | *<span title="A sturdy cage-like stormwater filtration structure that keeps large debris and trash out of stormwater systems and waterways."> '''trash rack'''</span> | ||
*<span title="This land use includes major transportation corridors where the land use is exclusively transportation. These areas are typically highly impervious and may include only small vegetated areas consisting of swales or medians, and relatively small right-of-way areas. This land use does not include arterial streets in residential, commercial, and industrial areas."> '''transportation land use'''</span> | *<span title="This land use includes major transportation corridors where the land use is exclusively transportation. These areas are typically highly impervious and may include only small vegetated areas consisting of swales or medians, and relatively small right-of-way areas. This land use does not include arterial streets in residential, commercial, and industrial areas."> '''transportation land use'''</span> | ||
| Line 412: | Line 454: | ||
*<span title="A practice, device or structure designed to treat stormwater runoff (i.e. remove pollutants from stormwater). These include structural practices such as rain gardens, and non-strutural practices such as street sweeping."> '''treatment practice'''</span> | *<span title="A practice, device or structure designed to treat stormwater runoff (i.e. remove pollutants from stormwater). These include structural practices such as rain gardens, and non-strutural practices such as street sweeping."> '''treatment practice'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Multiple BMPs that work together to remove pollutants utilizing combinations of hydraulic, physical, biological, and chemical methods"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Using_the_treatment_train_approach_to_BMP_selection '''treatment train''']</span> | *<span title="Multiple BMPs that work together to remove pollutants utilizing combinations of hydraulic, physical, biological, and chemical methods"> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Using_the_treatment_train_approach_to_BMP_selection '''treatment train''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span Title="Tree box filters are widely deployed as stormwater treatment BMPs, normally in stand-alone applications, however can also be used as pretreatment for infiltration, rainwater harvesting, and detention."> '''tree box'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A tree inventory is a record of location and characteristics of individual trees and, sometimes, characteristics of their environs, within a defined geographic area. For municipalities, tree inventories typically include street trees and trees in parks or other municipally owned properties."> '''tree inventory'''</span> | *<span title="A tree inventory is a record of location and characteristics of individual trees and, sometimes, characteristics of their environs, within a defined geographic area. For municipalities, tree inventories typically include street trees and trees in parks or other municipally owned properties."> '''tree inventory'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A tree trench, often known as a "vertical rain garden," is a system that consists of piping for water storage, structural soils and a tree."> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Trees tree trench]'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A business concept that posits firms should commit to measuring their social and environmental impact—in addition to their financial performance—rather than solely focusing on generating profit"> '''triple bottom line'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Turbidity is the cloudiness of a fluid caused by individual particles that are generally invisible to the naked eye. Turbid water has a large number of particles suspended in water and therefore appears cloudy."> '''turbid'''</span> | *<span title="Turbidity is the cloudiness of a fluid caused by individual particles that are generally invisible to the naked eye. Turbid water has a large number of particles suspended in water and therefore appears cloudy."> '''turbid'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A dimensionless quantity that is used to quantify the drag or resistance of an object in a fluid environment, such as air or water. It is used in the drag equation in which a lower drag coefficient indicates the object will have less aerodynamic or hydrodynamic drag. The drag coefficient is always associated with a particular surface area."> '''turbulent drag'''</span> | *<span title="A dimensionless quantity that is used to quantify the drag or resistance of an object in a fluid environment, such as air or water. It is used in the drag equation in which a lower drag coefficient indicates the object will have less aerodynamic or hydrodynamic drag. The drag coefficient is always associated with a particular surface area."> '''turbulent drag'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Turf reinforcement mats (TRMs) are synthetic, non-degradable soil and seedbed covers of variable thickness designed to provide short-term protection against raindrop and wind erosion, permanent support for vegetation on slopes, and permanent armoring and vegetation support for ditches, swales, and channels."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Erosion_prevention_practices_-_turf_reinforcement_mats '''turf reinforcement mat''']</span> | *<span title="Turf reinforcement mats (TRMs) are synthetic, non-degradable soil and seedbed covers of variable thickness designed to provide short-term protection against raindrop and wind erosion, permanent support for vegetation on slopes, and permanent armoring and vegetation support for ditches, swales, and channels."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Erosion_prevention_practices_-_turf_reinforcement_mats '''turf reinforcement mat''']</span> | ||
*<span title="Two-stage channel systems consist of an inset channel and small floodplain (benches) within the ditch confines. "> '''two-stage channel'''</span> | *<span title="Two-stage channel systems consist of an inset channel and small floodplain (benches) within the ditch confines. "> '''two-stage channel'''</span> | ||
| − | *<span title="A rainfall distribution characterized by short duration, high intensity rainfall"> '''[https://www. | + | *<span title="A rainfall distribution characterized by short duration, high intensity rainfall"> '''[https://www.hec.usace.army.mil/confluence/hmsdocs/hmstrm/precipitation/scs-storm Type 2 rain distribution]'''</span> |
==U== | ==U== | ||
| Line 424: | Line 469: | ||
*<span title="Movement of water beneath a structure, which can lead to erosion and undercutting of the structure"> '''under-draining'''</span> | *<span title="Movement of water beneath a structure, which can lead to erosion and undercutting of the structure"> '''under-draining'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A BMP that does not treat the full water quality volume"> '''undersized BMP'''</span> | *<span title="A BMP that does not treat the full water quality volume"> '''undersized BMP'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="A numerical expression of the variety in particle sizes in mixed natural soils, defined as the ratio of the sieve size through which 60% (by weight) of the material passes to the sieve size that allows 10% of the material to pass.> '''uniformity coefficient'''</span> | ||
==V== | ==V== | ||
| + | *<span title="The vadose zone is the variably saturated zone between the ground surface and the permanent water table of the groundwater."> '''vadose zone'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Vanes are channel-spanning structures that provide grade control, dissipate energy, deflect stream flow to the center of the channel, and create pools"> '''vane weir structures'''</span> | *<span title="Vanes are channel-spanning structures that provide grade control, dissipate energy, deflect stream flow to the center of the channel, and create pools"> '''vane weir structures'''</span> | ||
| − | *<span title="Pretreatment vegetated filter strips are designed to provide sedimentation and screening (by vegetation) to treat stormwater runoff prior to entering a structural stormwater BMP. Pretreatment vegetated filter strips are especially effective at capturing excess sediment in stormwater runoff by settling solids. Pretreatment vegetated filter strips provide limited (due to size) volume reduction, peak flow reduction, infiltration, and biological treatment. Stormwater management processes not provided in pretreatment vegetated filter strips include filtration and sorption."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Overview_for_pretreatment_vegetated_filter_strips ''' | + | *<span title="Vegetative filtering is the removal of sediment, nutrients, or pollutants by plant structures"> '''vegetative filtering'''</span> |
| + | *<span title="Pretreatment vegetated filter strips are designed to provide sedimentation and screening (by vegetation) to treat stormwater runoff prior to entering a structural stormwater BMP. Pretreatment vegetated filter strips are especially effective at capturing excess sediment in stormwater runoff by settling solids. Pretreatment vegetated filter strips provide limited (due to size) volume reduction, peak flow reduction, infiltration, and biological treatment. Stormwater management processes not provided in pretreatment vegetated filter strips include filtration and sorption."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Overview_for_pretreatment_vegetated_filter_strips '''vegetated filter strip''']</span> | ||
*<span title="A shallow channel with sloping sides that is stabilized with vegetation to serve as a filtration device to capture sediments and transport water."> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Dry_swale_(Grass_swale) vegetated swale]'''</span> | *<span title="A shallow channel with sloping sides that is stabilized with vegetation to serve as a filtration device to capture sediments and transport water."> '''[https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Dry_swale_(Grass_swale) vegetated swale]'''</span> | ||
*<span title="The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate. "> '''viscosity'''</span> | *<span title="The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate. "> '''viscosity'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have a high vapor pressure and are emitted as gases from certain solids or liquids."> '''volatile organic compounds'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Volatilization is the process whereby a dissolved sample is vaporised"> '''volatilization'''</span> | *<span title="Volatilization is the process whereby a dissolved sample is vaporised"> '''volatilization'''</span> | ||
| Line 440: | Line 489: | ||
*<span title="Water quality standards (WQS) are provisions of state, territorial, authorized tribal or federal law approved by EPA that describe the desired condition of a water body and the means by which that condition will be protected or achieved."> '''water quality standard'''</span> | *<span title="Water quality standards (WQS) are provisions of state, territorial, authorized tribal or federal law approved by EPA that describe the desired condition of a water body and the means by which that condition will be protected or achieved."> '''water quality standard'''</span> | ||
*<span title="The volume of water that is treated by a BMP."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Water_quality_criteria '''Water Quality Volume''']</span> | *<span title="The volume of water that is treated by a BMP."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Water_quality_criteria '''Water Quality Volume''']</span> | ||
| − | *<span title="The water table is the upper surface of the zone of saturation. The zone of saturation is where the pores and fractures of the ground are saturated with water. ... Below the water table, in the phreatic zone (zone of saturation), layers of permeable rock that yield groundwater are called aquifers."> ''' | + | *<span title="The water table is the upper surface of the zone of saturation. The zone of saturation is where the pores and fractures of the ground are saturated with water. ... Below the water table, in the phreatic zone (zone of saturation), layers of permeable rock that yield groundwater are called aquifers."> '''water table'''</span> |
*<span title="A process, including a report, to identify and address threats to water quality in major watershed"> '''[https://www.pca.state.mn.us/water/watershed-approach-restoring-and-protecting-water-quality Watershed Restoration and Protection Strategy]'''</span> | *<span title="A process, including a report, to identify and address threats to water quality in major watershed"> '''[https://www.pca.state.mn.us/water/watershed-approach-restoring-and-protecting-water-quality Watershed Restoration and Protection Strategy]'''</span> | ||
*<span title="Wave energy (or wave power) is the transport and capture of energy by surface water waves"> '''wave energy'''</span> | *<span title="Wave energy (or wave power) is the transport and capture of energy by surface water waves"> '''wave energy'''</span> | ||
| Line 449: | Line 498: | ||
*wet storage | *wet storage | ||
*<span title="Wet swales occur when the water table is located very close to the surface or water does not readily drain out of the swale. A wet swale acts as a very long and linear shallow biofiltration or linear wetland treatment system."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Wet_swale_(wetland_channel) '''wet swale''']</span> | *<span title="Wet swales occur when the water table is located very close to the surface or water does not readily drain out of the swale. A wet swale acts as a very long and linear shallow biofiltration or linear wetland treatment system."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Wet_swale_(wetland_channel) '''wet swale''']</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The interface between soil that is unchanged from the initial state and the newly wetted zone from an infiltration or irrigation event."> '''wetting front'''</span> | ||
| + | *<span title="The wilting point, also called the permanent wilting point, may be defined as the amount of water per unit weight or per unit soil bulk volume in the soil, expressed in percent, that is held so tightly by the soil matrix that roots cannot absorb this water and a plant will wilt."> '''wilting point'''</span> | ||
*<span title="A stormwater quality model developed for the USGS by John Voorhees and Robert Pitt for evaluation of nonpoint pollution in urban areas. The model is based on field observations of grass swales, wet detention ponds, porous pavement, filter strips, cisterns and rain barrels, hydrodynamic settling devices, rain gardens/biofilters and street sweeping, as either other source area or outfall control practices. The focus of the model is on small storm hydrology and particulate washoff."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Available_stormwater_models_and_selecting_a_model#WinSLAMM '''WinSLAMM''']</span> | *<span title="A stormwater quality model developed for the USGS by John Voorhees and Robert Pitt for evaluation of nonpoint pollution in urban areas. The model is based on field observations of grass swales, wet detention ponds, porous pavement, filter strips, cisterns and rain barrels, hydrodynamic settling devices, rain gardens/biofilters and street sweeping, as either other source area or outfall control practices. The focus of the model is on small storm hydrology and particulate washoff."> [https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Available_stormwater_models_and_selecting_a_model#WinSLAMM '''WinSLAMM''']</span> | ||
| Line 456: | Line 507: | ||
==Z== | ==Z== | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Level 2 - General information, reference, tables, images, and archives/Reference]] | ||
Latest revision as of 14:34, 22 January 2023
Hover boxes allow the user to hover over bolded text and see a definition for that text. If the bolded text is blue, there is a link to more information.
We have only begun to use them since June, 2019. When we modify older pages, we will incorporate hover boxes into updates.
This page lists standard definitions used in hover boxes throughout this manual. Hover your mouse over any bolded term and a definition will be displayed. This list will continue to expand as new terms are encountered. You'll note that some terms have not yet been defined (not bolded).
Contents
A
- active karst
- aggregate
- aggregation
- alum
- aliphatic
- aliquot
- anthropogenic
- antidegradation
- aquatic habitat
- armoring
- aromatic
- arterial roads
- anoxic
- as-built
- aspect
- available water capacity
B
- baffle
- bank stabilization
- baseflow
- baseline condition
- baseline year
- base saturation
- basin
- bathymetric survey
- berm
- best management practice
- Better Site Design
- biochar
- bioavailable
- biodegradation
- biofiltration
- bioinfiltration
- biological oxygen demand
- biomass
- bioreactor
- bioretention practice
- Bioswale
- biotic impairment
- blue-green infrastructure
- bmp lifespan
- bounce
- breakthrough
- brownfield
- Brushing
- buffer zones
- build-up
- bulk density
- bypass flow
Ca-Cl
- C-33 sand
- carbon sequestration
- catch basin
- catchment
- categorical wasteload allocation
- cation exchange capacity
- cellulose
- chain of custody
- channelized flow
- chemical oxygen demand
- check dam
- chelating agent
- cistern
- clay
- claypan
- Clean Water Act
- climate adaptation
Cm-Cz
- coagulation
- coarse sediment
- coarse texture
- cofferdam
- coir
- collector roadway
- combined sewer
- commercial land use
- compacted soil
- compost
- compost maturity
- concentrated flow
- concentrated stormwater runoff
- connected impervious
- conservation tillage
- continuous model
- contributing drainage area
- credit (stormwater credit)
- conventional roof
- crop rotation
- curb-cut
- curb bump-out
- curve number method
D
- dead storage
- deicing
- denitrification
- depression storage
- design flow
- design flow
- detention times
- design infiltration rate
- detritus
- dewatering
- dewatering device
- directly connected impervious
- dissolved oxygen
- dissolved phosphorus
- disconnected roof runoff
- Disturbed soils
- ditch checks
- drainage Area
- drawdown time
- Drinking Water Source Management Area (DWSMA),
- drip irrigation
- “drop waterfalls”
- dry storage
- dry swale
- dry weather flow
E
- earthen berm
- Earthen check dams
- ecoregion
- ecosystem services
- ecosystem values
- effluent
- electrical conductivity
- electron donor
- embankment
- emergent vegetation
- empirical model
- energy dissipation
- energy dissipation
- engineered media
- Emergency Response Area
- environmental justice
- ephemeral stream
- erosion control blankets
- erosion control mix
- erosion protection
- eutrophic
- evapotranspiration
- event mean concentration
- exchangeable ions
- exchangeable sodium percent
- export
- extensive green roofs
F
- feedstock
- fiber roll
- field capacity
- fill
- filter fabric
- filter strip
- filtration
- fine sand
- final stabilization
- fine textured soil
- first flush
- flash
- floatables
- flocculant
- flocculation
- flow path
- flow-through device
- flow-weighted mean concentration
- fluvial systems
- footprint
- forebay
- fractured flow
- functional group
G
- Geographic Information System (GIS)
- geometric mean
- geotextile
- Global Positioning System (GPS)
- grade
- grade control structures
- grass channel
- gray infrastructure
- green infrastructure
- green stormwater infrastructure
- green roof
- green space
- geotextile
- gross solids
- grubbing
H
- hardness
- harvest and reuse
- heat island
- herbaceous perennial
- herbivory
- High-density polyethylene
- highly urban and ultra-urban environments
- hopper
- hydraulic conductivity (k)
- hydraulic grade line
- hydraulic gradient (i),
- hydraulic head
- hydraulic model
- hydric
- hydrocarbon
- hydrodynamic separator
- hydrogeology
- hydrologic soil group
- hydrometer
- hydroseed
I
- illicit discharge
- impaired water
- impervious disconnection
- impermeable
- implementation plan
- incised stream
- industrial land use
- infiltration
- infiltration basin
- infiltration rate
- influent
- inlet structure
- instantaneous volume
- institutional land use
- integral curb
- intensive roof
- interception
- intercropping
- invasive species
- intermittent flow channel
- invert
- iron-enhanced sand filter
- irrigation demand
J
K
L
- large lot residential
- leaching
- level spreader
- lidar
- lignin
- live storage
- loam
- longitudinal slope
- low impact development (LID)
- low permeability soils
- lysimeter
M
- macropore
- manhole
- manufactured treatment device
- media
- mesic
- mesocarp
- mesotrophic
- microclimate
- model
- moderate to steep slopes
- mounding
- MS4 (Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System)
- mulching
N
- native species
- NPDES
- nitrification
- nitrous oxide
- non-structural practice
- Notice of Termination
- nutrient cycling
O
- observation well
- offline
- open space
- ordinary high water level
- organic material
- outfall
- overbank flood protection
- overland flow
- oxidation-reduction reaction
Pa-Pm
- P8
- particle size distribution
- particulate phosphorus
- particulate matter (air)
- particulate matter (water)
- ped
- pathogen
- perennial
- perennial stream
- performance goal
- perimeter control
- permanent cover
- permanent pool
- permanent stormwater management
- permeable pavement
- permeable reactive barrier
- permeameter
- Phase 1
- Phase 2
- physically-based model
- pilings
- plug flow
- plugs
- point of discharge
Pn-Pz
- pollution prevention
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- polymer
- porosity (f)
- Portland cement concrete
- Prairie du Chien formation
- Prescribed burning
- pre-settlement
- pretreatment
- pre-wetting
- primary treatment practice
- proprietary structures
- public ditch
- public water
Q
- QA/QC
- Quality Assurance Project Plan
R
- rainfall distribution
- Rational Method
- recurrence interval
- redoximorphic
- receiving water
- redundant
- removal efficiency
- residential land use
- resuspension
- riparian zone
- riprap
- riprap
- rock armored
- rock riffle
- runoff
- runoff coefficient
Sa-Sn
- sand
- sand filter
- sanitary sewer
- scour hole
- scouring
- screen (for pretreatment)
- Secchi disk
- sediment basin
- sediment trap
- sediment control
- sedimentation
- sequester
- settling ponds
- settling device (for pretreatment)
- settling time
- settling velocity
- shallow depth to bedrock
- Shallow soils
- sheet flow
- sheet pile
- short-circuiting
- side slope
- silt
- silt curtain
- silt fence
- sinkhole
- Site Location / Minimum Setbacks
- sizing
- skimmer
So-Sz
- soil adsorption
- sodium adsorption ratio
- soil aggregation
- soil compaction
- soil consistence
- soil erosion
- soil health
- Soil Leaching Value (SLV)
- soil moisture holding capacity (gravity drained water)
- soil organic matter
- soil quality
- Soil Reference Values (SRVs)
- soil stabilization
- soil structure
- soil texture
- soil type
- soil water (moisture) content
- soluble
- sonde
- sorption
- special water
- specific gravity
- spill response plan
- spillway
- standard operating procedure
- steep slopes
- stockpile
- step pool
- Stoke's Law
- stormwater control measure
- stormwater conveyance channel
- stormwater hotspot
- stormwater wetland
- structural stormwater BMP
- subsurface sewage treatment system (SSTS)
- suberin
- sump
- sump manhole
- surface roughness
- suspended solids
- swale
- SWPPP
T
- tackifier
- tannins
- tax increment financing
- temporary seeding
- time of concentration
- total maximum daily load
- total phosphorus
- transmissivity
- transpiration
- trash rack
- transportation land use
- trapezoid
- travel time
- treatment practice
- treatment train
- tree box
- tree inventory
- tree trench
- triple bottom line
- turbid
- turbulent drag
- turf reinforcement mat
- two-stage channel
- Type 2 rain distribution
U
- highly urban and ultra-urban environments
- underdrain
- under-draining
- undersized BMP
- uniformity coefficient
V
- vadose zone
- vane weir structures
- vegetative filtering
- vegetated filter strip
- vegetated swale
- viscosity
- volatile organic compounds
- volatilization
W
- wash-off
- washout
- wasteload allocation
- water cycle
- water holding capacity
- water quality standard
- Water Quality Volume
- water table
- Watershed Restoration and Protection Strategy
- wave energy
- weir
- Wellhead Protection Areas
- well logs
- wet pond
- wet storage
- wet swale
- wetting front
- wilting point
- WinSLAMM
X
Y
Z
This page was last edited on 22 January 2023, at 14:34.