Assessing the performance of stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs)

An online manual for assessing BMP treatment performance was developed in 2010 by Andrew Erickson, Peter Weiss, and John Gulliver from the University of Minnesota and St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Laboratory.

NOTE: In 2023, the LRRB commissioned the University of Minnesota St. Anthony Falls Laboratory to update the Stormwater BMP Inspection and Maintenance Resource Guide to reflect new best practices. The final report, issued in June 2024, can be downloaded from the University of Minnesota, Center for Transportation Research website.

The manual advises on a four-level process to assess the performance of a Best Management Practice.

Level 1: Visual Inspection. This includes assessments for infiltration practices and for filtration practices. The website includes links to a downloadable checklist.
Level 2: Capacity Testing. Level 2 testing can be applied to both infiltration and filtration practices.
Level 3: Synthetic Runoff Testing for infiltration and filtration practices. Synthetic runoff test results can be used to develop an accurate characterization of pollutant retention or removal, but can be limited by the need for an available water volume and discharge.
Level 4: Monitoring for infiltration or filtration practices

Level 1 activities do not produce numerical performance data that could be used to obtain a stormwater management credit (stormwater credit). BMP owners and operators who are interested in using data obtained from Levels 2 and 3 should consult with the MPCA or other regulatory agency to determine if the results are appropriate for credit calculations. Level 4, monitoring, is the method most frequently used for assessment of the performance of a BMP. The four levels of assessment are summarized in the table below.

Levels of assessment for stormwater best management practices (stormwater control measures)

**Levels of assessment for stormwater best management practices (stormwater control measures)**
Level	Title	Objectives	Relative effort	Typical elapsed time	Advantages	Disadvantages
1	Visual Inspection	Determine if stormwater BMP is malfunctioning	1	1 day	Quick, inexpensive	Limited knowledge gained
2	Capacity testing	Determine infiltration or sedimentation capacity and rates	10	1 week	Less expensive, no equipment left in field	Limited to infiltration and sedimentation capacity/rates, uncertainties can be substantial
3	Simulated runoff testing	Determine infiltration rates, capacity, and pollutant removal performance	10-100	1 week to 1 month	Controlled experiments, more accurate with fewer tests required for statistical significance as compared to monitoring, no equipment left in field	Cannot be used without sufficient water supply, limited scope
4	Monitoring	Determine infiltration rates, capacity, and pollutant removal performance	400	14 months	Most comprehensive. Assess stormwater BMP within watershed without modeling	Uncertainty in results due to lack of control and number of variables, equipment left in field

Use these links to obtain detailed information on the following topics related to BMP performance monitoring:

Additional information on designing a monitoring network and performing field monitoring are found under Calculating credits based on field monitoring on the