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Minnesota Stormwater Manual

Guidance for meeting chloride TMDL MS4 permit requirements
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 This page is under review during the MS4 Phase 2 permit reissuance period
screenshot of statewide chloride impairments
Map of chloride impairments in Minnesota. For more details on the map click here.
screenshot of metro chloride impairments
Map of chloride impairments in the metro area. For more details on the map click here.

Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs)

There are currently 40 lakes and streams in the Twin Cities Metro Area that are impaired by chloride. There are an additional 10 lakes and streams that are impaired by chloride in greater Minnesota. See the MPCA’s chloride webpage for more information on the sources or chloride, environmental impacts, and opportunities for your community to reduce salt.

The EPA has approved 40 TMDLs that include MS4 WLAs for chloride. Click here to link to MPCA's impaired waters website. A map illustrating U.S. EPA-approved listings for chloride is shown on the right. The TMDLs were developed as part of the Twin Cities Area Metro Chloride TMDL, Ninemile Creek TMDL, and the Shingle Creek TMDL. See the statewide chloride resources page for more information.


The MS4 permit requires permittees that have an applicable wasteload allocation (WLA) for chloride to:

1. Document the amount of deicer applied each winter maintenance season to all permittee owned/operated surfaces (Permit item 22.5).

2. Each calendar year, the permittee must conduct an assessment of the permittee’s winter maintenance operations to reduce the amount of deicing salt applied to permittee owned/operated surfaces and determine current and future opportunities to improve BMPs. The permittee may use the Agency’s Smart Salting Assessment Tool or other available resources and methods to complete this assessment. The permittee must document the assessment. The assessment may include, but is not limited to:

  • a. operational changes such as pre-wetting, pre-treating the salt stockpile, increasing plowing prior to deicing, monitoring of road surface temperature, etc.;
  • b. implementation of new or modified equipment providing pre-wetting, or other capability for minimizing salt use;
  • c. regular calibration of equipment;
  • d. optimizing mechanical removal to reduce use of deicers; and/or
  • e. designation of no salt and/or low salt zones. [Minn. R. 7090] (Permit item 22.6).

Document the amount of deicer applied each winter maintenance season to all permittee owned/operated surfaces (Permit item 22.5)

The permittee is required to track the amount of deicer applied. Some additional things to consider tracking are material used, location, date, air temperature, pavement temperature, relative humidity (RH), dew point, cloud cover, operator, event start, event end, event type (e.g. snow, rain, both), total precipitation, and application rate. The Minnesota Snow and Ice Control Field Handbook for Snowplow Operators includes examples of salt tracking forms that could be used (see Appendix). The Winter Parking Lot and Sidewalk Manual also includes tracking forms for anti-icing and de-icing (see below).

screenshot of anti-icing documentation form
Screenshot of anti-icing form from the Winter Parking Lot and Sidewalk Manual.
screenshot of deicing documentation form
Screenshot of deicing form from the Winter Parking Lot and Sidewalk Manual.

Annually conduct an assessment of the permittee’s winter maintenance operations to reduce the amount of deicing salt applied to permittee owned/operated surfaces and determine current and future opportunities to improve BMPs (Permit item 22.6).

Permitted MS4s with an applicable WLA for chloride are required to assess winter maintenance operations annually and identify current and future opportunities to improve practices to reduce the amount of de-icer used. The permittee may use the Smart Salting Assessment Tool (SSAt) or other available resources and methods to complete this assessment.

The SSAt has been developed as a resources of all known current salt saving BMPs. The SSAt is a free, web‐based tool that can be used to assist public and private winter maintenance organizations in determining where opportunities exist to improve practices, make reductions in salt use and track progress. The SSAt creates a number of reports based on the data you provide describing your past, current, and future operations. Below is a hypothetical example of an assessment that was completed in with the SSAt and the various reports generated by the tool. The hypothetical example includes an assessment of current and future operations for low and high speed roads.

screenshot of SSAt
SSAt login page screenshot. Click here for main page of SSAt.

BMP high-level overview report: overview of winter maintenance operations best management practices

The below chart is based on a completed Winter Maintenance Best Management Practices (BMP) assessment. The assessment consists of a series of multiple choice questions that cover all aspects of winter maintenance operations, such as policy, storage, application, and education. Each answer for a question is classified as an Advanced Best Practice (green), Average Best Practice (yellow), or Below Average Practice (red).

graph of winter maintenance BMPs
Graph from the Smart Salting Assessment Tool showing different levels of BMPs.

BMP summary report

The BMP Summary Report indicates how many different types of practices (advanced, best, poor, not applicable) practices you are currently implementing and how many you plan to implement in the future.

summary of winter maintenance BMPs
Summary table from the Smart Salting Assessment Tool showing different types of BMPs.

BMP list for current (2018-2019)

This report provides detailed information on current practices. This report could be used to help you prioritize what poor practices you want to work on improving in the coming years. The below is an excerpt from the report. The actual report includes responses to questions for all BMPs that are included in the tool.

BMP list from SSAt
Screen shot of the current years BMP list from the Smart Salting Assessment Tool.

Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) are EPA approved amounts of pollutant loading that can occur and have a water body meet water quality standards. This page is collection of links and resources to better understand, and meet, TMDL requirements.

image of Miss and St Croix rivers confluence
Confluence of the St. Croix and Mississippi rivers. Note the St. Croix River is not impaired for sediment, while the Mississippi River is impaired.

TMDL MS4 permit guidance

TMDL toolkit for MS4 permit compliance

image
Access a quick guide for using models to meet MS4 TMDL requirements

TMDL guidance and general information

Information received from MS4 permittees

Links and other resources

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